The Reaction of Inbred, Single, Three-way and Four-way Hybrid Corns to Wheat Streak Mosaic Virus and Kernel Red Streak

Wheat streak mosaic is a widespread and important disease of wheat, Triticum aestivum (L.), in the United States and Canada. Evidence of its presence in Rumania and Jordan has been reported. A disease of wheat in the USSR may also be caused by wheat streak mosaic virus (WSMV). The virus vector is Aceria tuljpae ( K.) , an eriophyid mite, commonly referred to as the wheat curl mite. Slykhuis reported that wheat was the favored host of the wheat curl mite. Orlob also reported that corn seedlings, Zea mays (L.), were favorable hosts for the mites. Nault et, added that inbred lines were more preferred as hosts by the mites than were hybrids. Connin, suggested that corn was a possible oversummering reservoir for both the virus and the vector. In Ohio, mites were found in abundance on silks and husks on commercial corn hybrids. The discovery of abundant mites under the husks of corn ears led some workers to believe that mite feeding was the cause of a disease referred to as kernel red streak (KRS). The same disease on corn was reported from norti1ern Indiana, northeastern Ohio, southern Michigan and Canada in 1964, and in South Dakota in 1965. A similar malady was reported in Bulgaria, Chile, France, Portugal, Rumania, and Yugoslavia. The present investigation was designed to study the reaction of different corn inbreeds and hybrids to WSMV infection, to its mite vector, and the relation of mite infestation and virus infection or both to the kernel red streak disease

The Role of School Climate in Rates of Depression and Suicidal Ideation Among School-Attending Foster Youth in California Public Schools

Drawing from the 2013-2014 and 2014-2015 administrations of the California Healthy Kids Survey, this study explored the relationships between school climate and depression tendency and suicidal ideation among foster youth in California public schools. This research also evaluated the data for the secondary purpose of examining the possible differences in the levels of depression tendency and suicidal ideation among foster youth by race and gender. Findings indicated a positive school climate is associated with lower rates of depression tendency and suicidal ideation among foster youth. In addition, female foster youth reported higher rates of depression tendency and suicidal ideation when compared to their male counterparts. We also discovered foster youth of color were significantly less likely to report depression tendency and suicidal ideation than their White peers. Results of this study stand to inform current and future school-based programs and supports for foster youth

Substance Use Among Transgender Students in California Public Middle and High Schools

BACKGROUND: Transgender adolescents face tremendous social stress in families and schools, which often leads to behavioral health disparities. This study assessed whether rates of substance use were higher among transgender adolescents when compared to nontransgender adolescents. METHODS: This study is a secondary data analysis of the 2013-2015 California Healthy Kids Survey (CHKS) that examines whether rates of substance use are higher among transgender youth when compared to nontransgender youth. Participants included 4778 transgender and 630,200 nontransgender students in middle and high schools in nearly all school districts in California. The study outcomes were lifetime, recent, and in-school use of cigarettes, tobacco, alcohol, marijuana, cocaine, and ecstasy as well as nonmedical use of prescription painkillers, diet pills, Ritalin or Adderall, and cold medicine. RESULTS: Transgender students were about 2-1/2 times more likely as nontransgender students to use cocaine/methamphetamine in their lifetime (odds ratio [OR] = 2.53; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 2.18-2.95) and about 2.8 times as likely to report past 30-day inhalant use (OR = 2.80; 95% CI = 2.41-3.26). Transgender students were more than twice as likely to report past 30-day prescription pain medication use (OR = 2.19; 95% CI = 1.90-2.53) and more than 3 times as likely to use cigarettes in school (OR = 3.37; 95% CI = 2.84-3.99). CONCLUSIONS: The study\u27s findings indicate a need for community- and school-based interventions that reduce substance use among transgender youth

Dental Caries and Caries Associated Factors of Six and Seven Year-Old Children Living in a High Fluoride Area

Objectives: (1) To examine the prevalence of dental caries and fluorosis in six and seven year-old children living in a high-fluoride area and (2) to study associations between the caries experience and sociodemographic factors, oral hygiene habits, dental attendance and diet in this population.Materials and Methods: Two thousand six and seven year-old children in the first grade of elementary school in Isparta, Turkey, were included in this study. The questionnaires, including questions about sociodemographic factors, oral hygiene habits, dental attendance and diet, were answered by the parents of these children. Three experienced examiners performed the clinical examinations.Results: While 30% of the children studied have no carious primary teeth, 96% have no carious permanent teeth. The mean caries experience (dmft+DMFT) was 3.60 (±3.63). Various degrees of fluorosis were present in 2% of the children’s primary dentition and 28% of the children’s permanent dentition. The father’s and mother’s education, the age of the father when the child was born, when the child’s first dental visit occurred, the frequency of toothbrushing and ingesting sugar-containing soft drinks were all associated with the caries experience.Consclusions: The prevalence of dental caries and fluorosis was high among the studied child population in a high-fluoride area. Sociodemographic factors, oral hygiene habits, dental attendance and diet are risk indicators for caries in this population

The Image Of A 21st Century Educator As Perceived By Stakeholders

This study was conducted to point out the desirable traits and attributes expected of a 21st century teacher in the view of stakeholders in order for the different educational bodies to plan, design, and implement teacher development programs that would not only promote the practice of skills and the new ways of approaching teaching but also the development of the teachers as persons interacting with the various stakeholders of education.This study was descriptive in nature. The researchers distributed a survey checklist as measuring instruments in collecting data to determine the traits and attributes that a teacher of 21st century should possess. A survey checklist was used to gather data about the traits and attributes of a 21st century teacher from the points of view of the stakeholders.Based from the data gathered a 21st century teacher should be smart, well-mannered and disciplined, open-minded in the way he/she thinks, confident in talking, creative and responsible in her work, understanding in the way he/she deals with others, respectful in dealing with students, and is patient.A teacher should also know how to react when faced with some academic situations. A 21st century teacher should consider as a good opportunity to enhance teaching skills when he/she is assigned to handle a multicultural class. Furthermore, he /she should cheer up and challenged when a coached team fails to win in a competition. The teacher should also review the weak areas, and help in improving the school performance in the event that the school’s over-all performance in accreditation is falling. The teacher will also observe a colleague when he/she violates school rules and policies; when a superior reprimands a colleague, the teacher consoles him/her

Clinical performance of a combined approach for the esthetic management of fluorosed teeth: Three-year results

Objective: The long‑term clinical performance of combined therapy including enamel microabrasion and vital bleaching is debatable due to the abrasion of outer enamel surface. The aim of this longitudinal cohort study was to evaluate the 3‑year clinical performance of enamel microabrasion in combination with vital tooth bleaching for the esthetic management of fluorosed teeth. Materials and Methods: Fifteen patients with 176 fluorosed incisors and canines were included in this study. All the teeth were treated with enamel microabrasion (Opalustre, Ultradent), and at‑home bleaching technique (10% Opalescence PF, Ultradent). Fluorosed teeth were evaluated at baseline, after microabrasion, after combined therapy, and at 3‑year follow‑up in terms of esthetic criteria (esthetic appearance, brown stains, and opaque white areas), side effects, and patient satisfaction using visual analog scales. The data were statistically analyzed (α = 0.05).Results: Fluorosed teeth revealed significantly better esthetic appearance after microabrasion and combined therapy and at 3‑year follow‑up compared to those at baseline (P < 0.05). There was a significant relapse in the esthetic appearance and brown stains at 3‑year follow‑up (P < 0.05).Conclusions: The combined therapy was effective in the esthetic management of fluorosed teeth. However, a significant relapse was observed in the esthetic appearance and brown stains of these patients after 3 years, which also reduced patient satisfaction.Keywords: Clinical trial, dental fluorosis, enamel microabrasion, relapse in bleaching, vital bleachin

Fire Department Reunion Undated Murray City

Fire department reunion upstairs in fire station

Cervical Lesions: Two-year Results

Purpose: To compare the two-year clinical performance of high-viscosity glass ionomer (Hv-GIC) restorations in non-carious cervical lesions with nanohybrid composite restorations applied with a three-step etch-and-rinse adhesive (E&Ra/nanoC).Materials and Methods: One hundred thirty-four noncarious cervical lesions were included and assigned to two groups according to the split-mouth design. The cervical lesions in the experimental group were restored with an Hv-GIC (Equia, GC), while a nanohybrid composite (G-aenial, GC) with a three-step etch-and-rinse adhesive (Optibond FL, Kerr) was applied as the control. All tested restorative materials were used according to the manufacturers' instructions. Clinical evaluation was performed after one week, six months, one year, and two years using World Dental Federation criteria. Data were analyzed using Friedman's ANOVA and Mann-Whitney U-tests (alpha = 0.05).Results: After two years, Hv-GIC restorations had a retention rate of 91% in comparison to 100% for E&Ra/nanoC restorations. Significant differences existed between the two restorative materials solely with respect to the retention parameter after two years (p = 0.008).Conclusions: The two-year clinical performance of Hv-GIC was clinically acceptable. However, the retention of E&Ra/nanoC restorations was significantly better than that of Hv-GIC restorations after two years