Water Quality Management for Aquaculture at Lake Tutud, North Sulawesi

Southeast Minahasa Regency has potential natural resources, one of them related aquculture in Lake Tutud. Considering the conditions and opportunities for the development of aquaculture in Lake Tutud, improvement efforts and increase the potential for fish production needs to be done. Some of the factors that caused the current problems include declining water level of Lake Tutud drastically in recent years caused by the death of most of spring water coming into the lake causing sedimentation, high content of sulfur from the irrigation run off. All of these problems can be a barrier to tilapia fish culture, so it is necessary to periodically measure the water quality in Lake Tutud in order to improve and enhance the quality of the water before it is used for culture efforts. Referring to the current economic conditions of the community around Lake Tutud of Tombatu 3 Village include community leaders and the fish farmers are also public observers who are interested in this program, through the Program Implementation of science and technology for the Community (IbM) of PNBP UNSRAT given counseling, training and mentoring such as water quality management technology. The methods used in the implementation of science and technology program are education, training, discussion and mentoring. Materials used were proper method of producing fish seeds, the stages of the production process, the use immunostimulatory in fish feed for fish disease management, maintain and improve water quality. With the Community Service Program through the application of science and technology, it is expected that there will be a transferred in science and technology in water quality management of Tutud lake so hopefully their business development, creation of business opportunity, income generation and welfare of the people in this Tombatu 3 village. The results revealed that the implementation of this community service activity in the form of the application of science and technology are: lecture activities, training, discussion and question and answer, including the lake water quality measurements that have been going well with good response of the fish farmers indicated by the presence of participants as much as 80%, show that a). increased production of tilapia fish farmers through water quality management can be implemented, b). tilapia fish farming is feasible and can provide profit if done properly, so it can be an alternative in an effort to help the reduction of unemployment and poverty. Interaction with the community on this community service activity, it is found that there were many people who still do not understand much about the overall material included engineering, water quality management and proper fish feed and feeding method. One of the barriers was the language, so it is necessary for the lectures and trainers to use the local language. It can be recommended in the future to keep on doing this kind of community service considering the inherent of the knowledge and application of water quality management is still a new thing and has a business prospective opportunities in the Tombatu 3 village

The Use Of Marine Sponge Crude Extract To Improve The Resistance Of Tilapia Fish (Oreochromis niloticus) To Streptococcus agalactiae Infections

This study aims to examine the effect of the use of crude marine sponge extract on the resistance of streptococcus agalactiae infection in tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus, and to establish the effective dose of crude sponge extract in improving the immune system and the growth of the fish. The sponge used in the study was Cribrochalina sp. taken from Malalayang waters, Manado. The fish were taken from Freshwater Aquaculture Center, Tatelu. The fish were acclimatized for a week. After being acclimatized the fish were given feed added with sponge crude extract as a treatment with different concentrations of 20 g, 40 g and 60 g / Kg of feed for 14 days as much as 5% / body weight / day with the frequency of feeding twice a day at 10:00 am and at 5:00 p.m. After being treated, the fish was challenged with S. agalactiae. The data collected consisted of tilapia resistance, Total Leukocyte Count (TLC) as immune parameters and absolute growth. The results showed that the addition of crude extracts of Cribrochalina sp. into feed can increase TLC and growth of tilapia (p <0.05). The best results were achieved in fish fed with the addition of sponge crude extract of 40 g/kg feed. The survival rate of tilapia fed with treatment diet then challenged with pathogenic bacteria S. agalactiae showed the best results (100% survival rate) compared to controls (75%). In conclusion, feeding with a crude extract of Cribrochalina sp. has the potential to increase the immune system and growth of tilapia.Keywords: Crude Extract, Marine Sponges, Cribrochalina sp., Tilapia, Resistance, Streptococcus agalactiaeABSTRAKPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji pengaruh penggunaan ekstrak kasar spons laut terhadap resistensi ikan nila dalam menghadapi serangan Streptococcus agalactiae, mengidentifikasi spons yang digunakan, serta mengukur pengaruh serta menetapkan dosis pemberian ekstrak kasar spons untuk meningkatkan sistem imun dan pengaruhnya terhadap pertumbuhan ikan nila. Spons yang digunakan dalam penelitian adalah spons Cribrochalina sp. yang diambil dari perairan Malalayang. Ikan uji diambil dari Balai Budidaya Air Tawar Tatelu, Provinsi Sulawesi Utara. Ikan diaklimatisasi selama seminggu. Setelah diaklimatisasi ikan diberi pakan yang ditambahkan dengan ekstrak kasar spons sebagai perlakuan dengan konsentrasi berbeda yaitu 0 g, 20 g, 40 g dan 60 g/kg pakan selama 14 hari sebanyak 5%/berat tubuh/hari dengan frekuensi pemberian pakan dua kali sehari yaitu jam 10.00 pagi dan jam 17.00 sore. Setelah diberi perlakuan, ikan diuji tantang dengan bakteri S. agalactiae. Data yang dikumpulkan terdiri dari kelangsunganhidup ikan nila. Total leukosit sebagai parameter imun dan pertumbuhan mutlak. Hasil penelitian mendapatkan bahwa penambahan ekstrak kasar spons Cribrochalina sp. ke dalam pakan mampu meningkatkan total leukosit dan pertumbuhan ikan nila (p<0.05). Dimana hasil terbaik dicapai pada ikan yang diberi pakan dengan penambahan ekstrak kasar spons sebanyak 40 g/kg pakan. Kelangsungan hidup ikan nila yang diberi pakan perlakuan yang diuji tantang dengan bakteri patogen menunjukkan hasil yang paling baik (tingkat kelangsungan hidup 100%) dibandingkan dengan kontrol (75%). Sebagai kesimpulan bahwa pemberian pakan dengan ekstrak kasar spons Cribrochalina sp. berpotensi untuk meningkatkan sistem kekebalan tubuh dan pertumbuhan pada ikan nila.Kata Kunci: Ekstrak kasar, Spons laut, Cribrochalina sp., Tilapia, Resistensi, Streptococcus agalactia

The Inhibitory Power Extract Of Balsamica Plant (Impatiens balsamica L) on Aeromonas hydrophila Bacteria Growth

This research aimed to assess the potential use of extracts of leaves, flowers, and stems of the balsamica plant increase inhibitory effect on the growth of Aeromonas hydrophila. The content of the plant contains a compound balsamica naphthoquinone, coumarin derivatives, tannins, flavonoids, and steroids. The active compounds have the ability as an antimicrobial. A hidrophyla bacteria, including opportunistic pathogens are almost always found in water and often cause disease when the fish in adverse conditions. Antibacterial activity test in this research using the spread plate method. Data obtained in the form of the extract, the results of bacterial inoculation, and the inhibition test results, will be analyzed, displayed with pictures and described descriptively. The result of the process of maceration extraction using ethanol 70% was obtained three extracts are concentrated leaf extract: 28.75 g, flower: 12.82 g, and rods: 29.48 g. The result of antibacterial extracts of leaves, stems, and flowers balsamica plant showed inhibitory activity on the A hydrophila bacteria that seems to be indicated by a clear zone around the paper disc. Based on the classification of leaf extract and extract of the stem can be classified in the class of strong, because the inhibition zone formed by the leaf extract is equal to 11.2 mm, and extract stem with 13.7 mm inhibition zone. Ability flower extract in inhibiting the growth of A hidrophila bacteria with 21.4 mm inhibition zone showed that the extract was included in a very strong class. Keywords: The ethanol extract balsamica, Impatiens balsamica L, Aeromonas hydrophila, antibacterial activity test

Identifikasi, Tingkat Insidensi, Indeks Dominasi Dan Tingkat Kesukaan Parasit Pada Sidat (Anguilla Marmorata)

Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan bertujuan mengetahui jenis-jenis parasit, tingkat insidensi, indeks dominasi dan tingkat kesukaan parasit pada sidat (Anguilla marmorata). Pemeriksaan sampel Sidat dimulai tanggal 25 Meiâˆ'16 Juni 2009, di Laboratorium Kesehatan Ikan Balai Budidaya Air Tawar Tatelu. Sampel diambil secara acak dari kolam-kolam pembesaran sebanyak 50 ekor, ukuran panjang 30–45 cm. Pemeriksaan parasit pada Sidat terbagi atas pemeriksaan ektoparasit yaitu mata, mulut, kulit/sisik, insang dan sirip. Pemeriksaan endoparasit meliputi pemeriksaan lambung, usus, hati dan daging. Hasil identifikasi parasit yang menginfeksi Sidat adalah Trichodina sp, Lerneae sp, Myxobolus sp, Gyrodactylus sp, Oxyurida sp, Capillaria, Acanthocephalus sp dan Vorticella sp. Tingkat insidensi dari tiap spesies parasit adalah sebagai berikut; Trichodina sp 92%, Gyrodactylus sp 74%, Lerneae sp 26%, Capillaria sp 24%, Myxobolus sp 22%, Oxyurida sp 6%, Acanthocephalus sp 2% dan Vorticella 2%. Analisis indeks dominasi menunjukan bahwa ada satu jenis parasit yang mendominasi infeksi parasit-parasit yang ada pada organ-organ sampel yang diperiksa dan parasit tersebut adalah Trichodina Sp. Setiap jenis parasit memiliki tingkat kesukaan yang berbeda dalam menempati organ-organ tubuh Sidat

Analysis of Bacteria Community in the sediment from Bangka Island, North Sulawesi

Marine sediments are nutrient-rich and is a suitable habitat of bacteria. This research is a preliminary study of molecular analysis to identify the bacteria in the sediments from the littoral area that covered by mangroves in Bangka Island, North Sulawesi. The purposes of this study are to obtain the uncultivated bacterial DNA genome  which is used to identify the bacteria  and  bacterial community  in the sediments. Isolation of DNA genome from uncultured bacterial was carried out by following the genomic DNA extraction procedure using the DNeasy® PowerSoil Extraction Kit. Before isolating the bacterial DNA, sample were went through freezing and thawing processes. The DNA isolation result was subsequently tested using electrophoresis and UV-Vis spectrophotometers. Subsequently the genomic DNA was amplified using Polymerase Chain Reaction and the bacteria were identified using Next Generation Sequencing (NGS) analysis. The results of this study showed that the DNA of uncultured bacteria from sediment have the purity of 1.05 and the DNA amplification band was detected at 1300-1600bp. The bacteria in Bangka Island, North Sulawesi sediments were consisted of Gemmatimonadetes, Acidobacteria, Chioroflexi, Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, Actinobacteria, Cyanobacteria and Proteobacteria respectively. Phylum Proteobacteria was found has the highest relative abundance  in the sediment.Keywords : Bacteria, Deoxyribo Nucleic Acid, Sediment, Uncultured. ABSTRAKSedimen laut merupakan suatu habitat yang kaya akan nutrient dan merupakan habitat dari bakteri. Penelitian ini merupakan tahapan awal dalam rangkaian analisis molekuler bakteri yang hidup di sedimen dari daerah litoral yang ditumbuhi oleh mangrove pada Pulau Bangka Sulawesi Utara. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mendapatkan DNA genom bakteri tanpa kultivasi yang digunakan dalam analisis jenis dan komunitas bakteri pada sedimen. Isolasi DNA genom bakteri tanpa kultivasi dilakukan dengan mengikuti prosedur Kit ekstraksi DNA DNeasy® PowerSoil. Sebelum tahap isolasi DNA bakteri, sampel diperlakukan proses freezing and thawing. Hasil isolasi DNA diuji menggunakan elektroforesis dan spektrofotometer UV-Vis. DNA genom diamplifikasi menggunakan Polymerase Chain Reaction dan ditentukan jenis bakteri dengan menggunakan Next Generation Sequencing analysis. Hasil penelitian menujukkan bahwa DNA bakteri tanpa kultivasi  memiliki kemurnian 1,05. DNA amplifikasi terdeteksi pada posisi 1300-1600bp. Dan jenis bakteri yang hidup pada sedimen di Pulau Bangka Sulawesi Utara, terdiri dari filum Gemmatimonadetes, Acidobacteria, Chioroflexi, Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, Actinobacteria, Cyanobacteria dan Proteobacteria. Kelimpahan tertinggi bakteri yang hidup pada sedimen tersebut adalah  filum Proteobacteria.Kata kunci : Bakteri, Deoxyribo Nucleic Acid, Sedimen, Tanpa kultivasi

Amplification Of Bacterial Isolate Sf1 Associated With Sponge Facaplysynopsis sp. From Tongkeina, North Sulawesi

This study was conducted with the aim of amplifying the isolate of SF1 symbiont sponge Facaplysynopsis sp.  from Tongkeina, North Sulawesi. Samples are obtained and stored in the Lab. Molecular Biology and Marine Pharmacology, FPIK Unsrat. The genomic DNA of the samples was isolated using protocols from the Innu PREP Mini DNA Kit. The DNA of the SF1 symbionary bacteria was amplified by PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction) using an 8F primer (5'-AGAGTITGATCCTGGCTA-3 ') and 1492 R (5'TACCTTACGACTT-3'). DNA bacteria SF1 successfully amplified marked by the appearance of the band of DNA that looks less clear, with a length of 600 bp.Keywords: Bacterial Isolate, Sponge,  AmplificationABSTRAKPenelitian ini dilakukan dengan tujuan mengamplifikasi isolat bakteri SF1 simbion spons Facaplysynopsis sp dari perairan Tongkeina, Sulawesi Utara. Sampel diperoleh dan tersimpan di Lab. Biologi Molekuler dan Farmasitika Laut, FPIK Unsrat. DNA genom dari sampel diisolasi menggunakan protokol dari Innu PREP DNA Mini Kit. DNA bakteri simbion SF1 diamplifikasi dengan PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction) dengan menggunakan primer 8F (5’-AGAGTITGATCCTGGCTA-3’) dan 1492 R (5’TACCTTACGACTT-3’). DNA bakteri SF1 berhasil diamplifikasi ditandai dengan munculnya pita DNA yang terlihat kurang jelas, dengan panjang 600 bp.Kata Kunci: Bakteri Simbion, Spons, Amplifikas

Evaluation of the effect of probiotic bacteria on growth performance and survival rate of carp, Cyprinus carpio

The objective of this research was to obtain probiotic bacteria isolated from the digestive tract of catfish Clarias batracus, to evaluate its effect on growth performances and survival rate of carp. After purified, the bacteria was identified through biochemical tests and selection was carried out through proteolytic, amylolytic, cellulolytic, tests as well as pathogenicity test. Probiotic candidate was administered orally to fish at different concentrations. The fish were fed for 30 days respectively as much as 3% of body weight per day with feeding frequency of two times a day. The results showed that addition of probiotics into feed significantly increased growth performance but not survival rate.Keywords: Probiotic, Clarias batracus,  growth performance, aquaculture. ABSTRAKTujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mendapatkan bakteri probiotik yang diisolasi dari saluran pencernaan ikan lele Clarias batracus, dan mengevaluasi pengaruhnya terhadap kinerja pertumbuhan dan kelangsungan hidup benih ikan mas. Bakteri probiotik diidentifikasi melalui uji biokimia dan seleksi dilakukan melalui proteolitik, amilolitik, tes selulolitik dan patogenisitas. Kandidat probiotik diberikan pada ikan secara oral dengan konsentrasi berbeda Pemberian pakan berprobiotik berlangsung selama 30 hari sebanyak  3% dari berat badan per hari dengan frekuensi pemberian dua kali sehari. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penambahan probiotik ke dalam pakan secara signifikan meningkatkan kinerja pertumbuhan namun tidak memengaruhi kelangsungan hidup benih ikan mas.Kata kunci : Probiotik, Clarias batracus, kinerja pertumbuhan, budiday

HUBUNGAN PERILAKU HIDUP BERSIH DAN SEHAT (PHBS) IBU DENGAN KEJADIAN DIARE PADA BAYI USIA 1-4 TAHUN DI DESA KEICI KECAMATAN IBU KABUPATEN HALMAHERA BARAT 2018

Diare merupakan penyakit dimana seseorang kalau sedang buang air besar dengan konsistens cair dan juga bahkan dapat berupa air dan sering yang biasanya tiga kali atau lebih dalam satu hari. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui hubungan lingkungan dengan kejadian diare pada balita. Untuk mengetahui hubungan antara Perilaku Hidup Bersih dan Sehat, Rumah tangga dengan kejadian penyakit diare pada anak  usia 1 sampai 4 tahun di Desa Kie-ici Kecamatan Ibu kabupaten halmahera barat. Metode penelitian yang digunakan pada penelitian analitik dengan menggunakan pendekatan study  potong silang. Jumlah sebanyak 70 responden. Adapun data dikumpulkan dengan cara wawancara, juga kuesioner yang nantinya dianalisis dengan menggunakan uji chi-square (CI=95%, α=0,05) Adapun hasil analisis data primer diketahui bahwa hubungan menggunakan air bersih dengan kejadian diare pada Bayi 1-4 Tahun menunjukkan nilai p value= 0,032 yang berarti terdapat hubungan. Hubungan kebiasaan cuci tanggan dengan menggunakan sabun dengan kejadian diare pada balita usia 1-4 tahun menunjukkan nilai p value =0,012 yang berarti terdapat hubungan. Kata Kunci : menggunakan air bersih, kebiasan mencuci tanggan PHS ABSTRACTDiarrhea is a disease where a person is defecating with liquid consistency and can even be water only and often, usually three times or more in one day. The aim of this research is to know the relation between environment and diarrhea occurrence in under five years old. To find out the relationship between Clean and Healthy Living Behavioral Behavior (PHBS) with the incidence of diarrheal disease in children aged 1 to 4 years old in Kie-ici Village, Ibu district of halmahera district. The research method used is analytic research using cross sectional study approach. Total of 70 respondents. The data were collected through interviews using questionnaires which were later analyzed by using chi-square test (CI = 95%, α = 0.05). The primary data analysis result showed that the relationship between clean water and diarrhea occurrence in Infant 1-4 Years shows the value of p value = 0,032 which means there is a relationship. The relationship of hygiene with soap use with diarrhea occurrence in toddler age 1-4 years shows the value of p value = 0,012 which means there is a relationship. Keywords:  use clean water, waste management, PHBS responsive washing habit