Advanced morphology of vipers galaxies

We calculated morphological parameters for a test sample of 4659 galaxies from VIPERS (spectroscopic galaxy survey performed on VIMOS spectroscope at VLT). These parameters include Gini, M$_{20}$, Concentration, Asymmetry, and Smoothness, also known as CAS parameters. The results correlate with the distribution of these parameters for other simulated and observed samples. We also studied the dependence of these parameters with the Sersic power index of the radial distribution of the surface brightness of the galaxy image. Our aim was to find a clear division of VIPERS galaxies into elliptical and spiral. This is necessary for testing the method of the Sersic index (ns) calculation in the statmorph program. To find such bimodality, we use B-V color index from VIPERS database. To perform the error analysis of morphological parameters, we simulated galaxy images with a random background of different magnitudes and estimated the errors as the dispersion of the parameters. We also found asymptotic values of errors of morphological parameters by increasing the numbers of mock images. To analyse the possible variation of each morphological parameter during the convolution of close galactic images, we have simulated them to research. As a result of this investigation, we have analysed the dependence of every morphological parameter from CAS and Gini-M$_{20}$ statistics, from the distance between galactic centers.The differences between our results for VIPERS and Gini-M$_{20}$ distribution for PanStarrs galaxies at z 0.5 which corresponds to VIPERS sample. Also we concluded that galaxy mergers were more frequent in the early Universe

Advanced morphology of vipers galaxies

We calculated morphological parameters for a test sample of 4659 galaxies from VIPERS (spectroscopic galaxy survey performed on VIMOS spectroscope at VLT). These parameters include Gini, M$_{20}$, Concentration, Asymmetry, and Smoothness, also known as CAS parameters. The results correlate with the distribution of these parameters for other simulated and observed samples. We also studied the dependence of these parameters with the Sersic power index of the radial distribution of the surface brightness of the galaxy image. Our aim was to find a clear division of VIPERS galaxies into elliptical and spiral. This is necessary for testing the method of the Sersic index (ns) calculation in the statmorph program. To find such bimodality, we use B-V color index from VIPERS database. To perform the error analysis of morphological parameters, we simulated galaxy images with a random background of different magnitudes and estimated the errors as the dispersion of the parameters. We also found asymptotic values of errors of morphological parameters by increasing the numbers of mock images. To analyse the possible variation of each morphological parameter during the convolution of close galactic images, we have simulated them to research. As a result of this investigation, we have analysed the dependence of every morphological parameter from CAS and Gini-M$_{20}$ statistics, from the distance between galactic centers.The differences between our results for VIPERS and Gini-M$_{20}$ distribution for PanStarrs galaxies at z 0.5 which corresponds to VIPERS sample. Also we concluded that galaxy mergers were more frequent in the early Universe

The study of x-ray spectrum of the Coma cluster

The X-ray spectrum of the Coma galaxy cluster was studied using the data from the XMM-Newton observatory. We combined 7 observations performed with the MOS camera of XMM-Newton in the 40'x 40' region centered at the Coma cluster. The analyzed observations were performed in 2000-2005 and have a total duration of 196 ksec. We focus on the analysis of the MOS camera spectra due to their lower affection by strong instrumental line-like background. The obtained spectrum was fitted with a model including contributions from the Solar system/Milky Way hot plasma and a power law X-ray background. The contribution of the instrumental background was modeled as a power law (not convolved with the effective area) and a number of Gaussian lines. The contribution from the Coma cluster was modeled with a single-temperature hot plasma emission. In addition, we searched for possible non-thermal radiation present in the vicinity of the center of the Coma cluster, originating e.g. from synchrotron emission of relativistic electrons on a turbulent magnetic field. We compared the results with previous works by other authors and spectra obtained from other instruments that operate in the similar energy range of 1-10 keV. Careful and detailed spectrum analysis shall be a necessary contribution to our future work - searching for axion-like particles' manifestations in the Coma cluster.Comment: 6 pages, 2 figures, 2 table

X-ray galaxies selected from HyperLEDA database

We cross-matched the 4XMM-DR10 catalog with the HyperLEDA database and obtained a new sample of galaxies that contain X-ray sources. Excluding duplicate observations and false matches, we present a total of 7759 galaxies with X-ray sources. In the current work, we present general properties of the sample: namely the distribution in equatorial coordinates, radial velocity distribution, morphological type, and X-ray fluxes. The sample includes morphological classification for 5241 galaxies with X-ray emission, almost half of which, 42% are elliptical (E, E-S0). Most galaxies in the sample have nuclear X-ray emission (6313 or 81%), and the remaining 1443 (19%) present X-ray emission from the host galaxy. This sample can be used for future deep studies of multi-wavelengths properties of the galaxies with X-ray emission

Of the importance of a leaf: the ethnobotany of sarma in Turkey and the Balkans

BACKGROUND: Sarma - cooked leaves rolled around a filling made from rice and/or minced meat, possibly vegetables and seasoning plants - represents one of the most widespread feasting dishes of the Middle Eastern and South-Eastern European cuisines. Although cabbage and grape vine sarma is well-known worldwide, the use of alternative plant leaves remains largely unexplored. The aim of this research was to document all of the botanical taxa whose leaves are used for preparing sarma in the folk cuisines of Turkey and the Balkans. Methods: Field studies were conducted during broader ethnobotanical surveys, as well as during ad-hoc investigations between the years 2011 and 2014 that included diverse rural communities in Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Serbia, Kosovo, Albania, Macedonia, Bulgaria, Romania, and Turkey. Primary ethnobotanical and folkloric literatures in each country were also considered. Results: Eighty-seven botanical taxa, mainly wild, belonging to 50 genera and 27 families, were found to represent the bio-cultural heritage of sarma in Turkey and the Balkans. The greatest plant biodiversity in sarma was found in Turkey and, to less extent, in Bulgaria and Romania. The most commonly used leaves for preparing sarma were those of cabbage (both fresh and lacto-fermented), grape vine, beet, dock, sorrel, horseradish, lime tree, bean, and spinach. In a few cases, the leaves of endemic species (Centaurea haradjianii, Rumex gracilescens, and R. olympicus in Turkey) were recorded. Other uncommon sarma preparations were based on lightly toxic taxa, such as potato leaves in NE Albania, leaves of Arum, Convolvulus, and Smilax species in Turkey, of Phytolacca americana in Macedonia, and of Tussilago farfara in diverse countries. Moreover, the use of leaves of the introduced species Reynoutria japonica in Romania, Colocasia esculenta in Turkey, and Phytolacca americana in Macedonia shows the dynamic nature of folk cuisines. Conclusion: The rich ethnobotanical diversity of sarma confirms the urgent need to record folk culinary plant knowledge. The results presented here can be implemented into initiatives aimed at re-evaluating folk cuisines and niche food markets based on local neglected ingredients, and possibly also to foster trajectories of the avant-garde cuisines inspired by ethnobotanical knowledge

Sunlight-Exposed Biofilm Microbial Communities Are Naturally Resistant to Chernobyl Ionizing-Radiation Levels

BACKGROUND: The Chernobyl accident represents a long-term experiment on the effects of exposure to ionizing radiation at the ecosystem level. Though studies of these effects on plants and animals are abundant, the study of how Chernobyl radiation levels affect prokaryotic and eukaryotic microbial communities is practically non-existent, except for a few reports on human pathogens or soil microorganisms. Environments enduring extreme desiccation and UV radiation, such as sunlight exposed biofilms could in principle select for organisms highly resistant to ionizing radiation as well. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: To test this hypothesis, we explored the diversity of microorganisms belonging to the three domains of life by cultivation-independent approaches in biofilms developing on concrete walls or pillars in the Chernobyl area exposed to different levels of radiation, and we compared them with a similar biofilm from a non-irradiated site in Northern Ireland. Actinobacteria, Alphaproteobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Acidobacteria and Deinococcales were the most consistently detected bacterial groups, whereas green algae (Chlorophyta) and ascomycete fungi (Ascomycota) dominated within the eukaryotes. Close relatives to the most radio-resistant organisms known, including Rubrobacter species, Deinococcales and melanized ascomycete fungi were always detected. The diversity of bacteria and eukaryotes found in the most highly irradiated samples was comparable to that of less irradiated Chernobyl sites and Northern Ireland. However, the study of mutation frequencies in non-coding ITS regions versus SSU rRNA genes in members of a same actinobacterial operational taxonomic unit (OTU) present in Chernobyl samples and Northern Ireland showed a positive correlation between increased radiation and mutation rates. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE: Our results show that biofilm microbial communities in the most irradiated samples are comparable to non-irradiated samples in terms of general diversity patterns, despite increased mutation levels at the single-OTU level. Therefore, biofilm communities growing in sunlight exposed substrates are capable of coping with increased mutation rates and appear pre-adapted to levels of ionizing radiation in Chernobyl due to their natural adaptation to periodical desiccation and ambient UV radiation

High Independence Level In Functional Activities Reduces Hospital Stay After Total Hip Arthroplasty Regardless Of Pain Intensity

Objective: The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between independence level in functional activities and pain, and length of hospital stay in the early postoperative period in patients with total hip arthroplasty (THA). Methods: The study was performed over 26 end stage hip arthritis patients who were hospitalized in the Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Hacettepe University Hospital, Ankara, Turkey, between January 2000 and July 2003 for THA and operated with the same surgical technique by the same surgeon. All patients were mobilized in the first postoperative day and a standard rehabilitation protocol was applied to all patients. The independence level in functional activities of the cases was assessed with Iowa Level of Assistance Scale (ILAS). Iowa Ambulation Speed Scale (IASS) was used to evaluate the speed of ambulation in the early postoperative period. Pain was assessed with visual analogue scale (VAS). Results: There was no statistically significant relation between pain intensity and independence level in functional activities on the second and sixth postoperative days (p>0.05), but independence level scores in functional activities on the second and sixth days were correlated with hospital stay length (p<0.05). Conclusion: The results of this study indicate that in patients with THA, pain does not affect the independence level in functional activities in the early postoperative period. In the same period as the independence level improves, the hospital stay length decreases. This is an important factor that may reduce both the hospital costs and the possible complications due to prolonged hospital stay.Wo