Social Skills, Problem Behaviors and Classroom Management in Inclusive Preschool Settings

This study aimed to determine preschool teachers’ classroom management skills and investigate the relationships between teachers’ classroom management skills and inclusion students’ social skills and problem behaviors. Relational screening model was used as the research method. Study group consisted of 42 pre-school teachers working in Kocaeli province and 42 inclusion students aged 4-7. Personal Information Form, Classroom Management Skills Inventory for Pre-school Teachers and Pre-School and Kindergarten Behavior Scale were used to collect data. Mann Whitney U and Kruskal Wallis methods were utilized to analyze the descriptive statistics. Results revealed that participating pre-school teachers had high level of perceived classroom management skills, teachers’ classroom management skills did not differ based on inclusion students’ age and gender but they significantly differed based on teachers’ age, seniority, type of school they graduated from and staff status. Inclusion students were found to have moderate social skills and high level of problem behaviors. Children scores in social skills and problem behavior scales did not change based on age but they significantly differed based on gender. According to the results, no meaningful relationships existed between teachers’ classroom management skills and inclusion students’ social skills and problem behaviors

Assessment of Voiding Dysfunction and Nocturnal Enuresis Rates in Primary School Children in an Anatolian City with a Validated Dysfunctional Voiding Scoring System Questionnaire

Objective:To investigate the prevalence of voiding dysfunction (VD) and nocturnal enuresis (NE) in Turkish primary school children using a previously validated Dysfunctional Voiding Scoring System (DVSS) questionnaire and a self-administered questionnaire.Materials and Methods:The previously validated DVSS questionnaire was completed by the parents of 3015 randomly selected children. Another questionnaire was also administered for studying VD and NE rates, demographic characteristics, and learning or behavioral problems of children.Results:Of all children, 6.6% (n=199) had a score suggesting VD and 6.1% (n=185) had NE. No significant differences were found between children with and without VD in terms of age, gender, and fluid intake. Children with VD had significantly high rates of constipation (19.7% vs 5.2%; p<0.001) and fecal soiling (32.1% vs 5.1%; p<0.01) compared with children without VD. Children with a higher DVSS score had more frequent behavioral or psychological problems (20.7% vs 4.7%; p<0.01) and learning disabilities (14.7% vs 5.5%; p<0.01). VD had no correlation with overall maternal education level and the type of school (government or private).Conclusion:VD and NE are highly frequent in early childhood and positively correlated with children’s learning disabilities and psychological problems

Effects of GLP-1 Receptor Polymorphisms on Adolescent Obesity

Obesity is becoming a concerning disease in developing countries. Like other multifactorial diseases, genetics plays a substantial role in the development of this disease. We tried to investigate genetic variations (mutation/polymorphism) of GLP-1R gene in children diagnosed with obesity and to identify their possible connections with obesity and other conditions. Genomic DNA was extracted from 162 overweight/obese patients and 100 controls. Later, full exon sequencing and association studies were carried out. Three polymorphisms and one mutation were detected in the fourth and fifth exons of the GLP-1R gene. Some variations were detected in three cases from which 1/3 had non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) but none showed insulin resistance (IR). There were also statistically meaningful results for ‘Odds Ratio’ among different genotypes and allele frequencies in groups with NAFLD and/or IR. In addition, there was an increase in risk for NAFLD and a decrease in risk for IR. In the homozygous group, also the prospect of IR was double declined. Patients with the A allele of this polymorphism showed a drop in risk for IR as well. GLP-1R polymorphisms could influence obesity and diabetes and thus the functional analysis of the GLP-1R polymorphisms is benevolent

Heterozygous Cc2d1a mice show sex-dependent changes in the Beclin-1/p62 ratio with impaired prefrontal cortex and hippocampal autophagy

Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD) are a group of neurodevelopmental disorders characterized by repetitive behaviors, lack of social interaction and communication. CC2D1A is identified in patients as an autism risk gene. Recently, we suggested that heterozygous Cc2d1a mice exhibit impaired autophagy in the hippocampus. We now report the analysis of autophagy markers (Lc3, Beclin and p62) in different regions hippocampus, prefrontal cortex, hypothalamus and cerebellum, with an overall decrease in autophagy and changes in Beclin-1/p62 ratio in the hippocampus. We observed sex-dependent variations in transcripts and protein expression levels. Moreover, our analyses suggest that alterations in autophagy initiated in Cc2d1a heterozygous parents are variably transmitted to offspring, even when the offspring's genotype is wild type. Aberration in the autophagy mechanism may indirectly contribute to induce synapse alteration in the ASD brain

Evaluation of nutritional status in pediatric intensive care unit patients: the results of a multicenter, prospective study in Turkey

IntroductionMalnutrition is defined as a pathological condition arising from deficient or imbalanced intake of nutritional elements. Factors such as increasing metabolic demands during the disease course in the hospitalized patients and inadequate calorie intake increase the risk of malnutrition. The aim of the present study is to evaluate nutritional status of patients admitted to pediatric intensive care units (PICU) in Turkey, examine the effect of nutrition on the treatment process and draw attention to the need for regulating nutritional support of patients while continuing existing therapies.Material and MethodIn this prospective multicenter study, the data was collected over a period of one month from PICUs participating in the PICU Nutrition Study Group in Turkey. Anthropometric data of the patients, calorie intake, 90-day mortality, need for mechanical ventilation, length of hospital stay and length of stay in intensive care unit were recorded and the relationship between these parameters was examined.ResultsOf the 614 patients included in the study, malnutrition was detected in 45.4% of the patients. Enteral feeding was initiated in 40.6% (n = 249) of the patients at day one upon admission to the intensive care unit. In the first 48 h, 86.82% (n = 533) of the patients achieved the target calorie intake, and 81.65% (n = 307) of the 376 patients remaining in the intensive care unit achieved the target calorie intake at the end of one week. The risk of mortality decreased with increasing upper mid-arm circumference and triceps skin fold thickness Z-score (OR = 0.871/0.894; p = 0.027/0.024). The risk of mortality was 2.723 times higher in patients who did not achieve the target calorie intake at first 48 h (p = 0.006) and the risk was 3.829 times higher in patients who did not achieve the target calorie intake at the end of one week (p = 0.001). The risk of mortality decreased with increasing triceps skin fold thickness Z-score (OR = 0.894; p = 0.024).ConclusionTimely and appropriate nutritional support in critically ill patients favorably affects the clinical course. The results of the present study suggest that mortality rate is higher in patients who fail to achieve the target calorie intake at first 48 h and day seven of admission to the intensive care unit. The risk of mortality decreases with increasing triceps skin fold thickness Z-score

ASSOCIATION OF THE OGG1 SER326CYS POLYMORPHISM WITH LUNG CANCER RISK AND 8-OHdG LEVELS AS A BIOMARKER OF OXIDATIVE DAMAGE IN TURKISH POPULATION

Akciğer kanseri dünyada yaygın olarak görülen ve mortalite oranı yüksek olan kanserlerin başında yer alır. Etiyolojisindeki en önemli etken sigara olmakla birlikte pek çok çevresel faktör ve bireylerin genetik özellikleri akciğer kanseri gelişiminde rol oynamaktadır. Sigara ile akciğer kanseri arasındaki bağlantı, Reaktif Oksijen Türleri (ROT) tarafından lipid, protein ve DNA da meydana gelen oksidatif stresdir. Endojen ve ekzojen kaynaklar tarafından üretilen ROT lar DNA da önemli lezyonlardan biri olan 8- hidroksiguanin (8-OHG) oluşumuna neden olur. 8-OHG baz çıkarma onarım yolağında görev alan 8-hidroksiguanin DNA glikozilaz (OGG1) enzimi ile onarılır. Onarılamaması durumunda DNA da GC&#8594;TA transversiyonlarına neden olarak mutajenik etki göstermektedir. OGG1 geninde sıkça görülen Ser326Cys polimorfzminin enzim aktivitesinde fonksiyonel değişikliğe neden olduğu yönünde çelişkili sonuçlar mevcuttur. Bu sebeple OGG1 Ser326Cys polimorfizmi ile kanser ilişkisinin saptanması ve bireylerde oksidatif hasarın biyogöstergesi olan 8-hidroksi-2 -deoksiguanozin (8-OHdG) miktarının ölçülmesi hedeflenmiştir. Akciğer kanser teşhisi konmuş 165 hasta ve 250 sağlıklı bireyde PCR-RFLP metodu ile yapılan genotipleme çalışmasının ardından Türk populasyonunda OGG1 Ser326Cys genotipi ile akciğer kanseri arasında anlamlı bir ilişki olmadığı belirlenmiştir. Kemoterapi ve radyoterapi almamış kanserli hastalar ve sağlıklı bireylerde idrardan ELISA yöntemiyle ölçülen 8-OHdG atılım düzeylerinde de anlamlı bir fark olmadığı gözlenmiştir. Beklenilenin tersine, Ser326Cys polimorfizmi ve akciğer kanseri riski arasında günde içilen sigara miktarına göre ilişki incelendiğinde, günde >20 sigaradan fazla içen varyant genotipe sahip bireylerin akciğer kanserine yakalanma risklerinde düşüş olduğu bulunmuştur. Birden fazla onarım genindeki polimorfizmlerin kombine etkilerinin analizi ile birlikte sigara ve diğer risk faktörlerinin neden olduğu oksidatif stresin birden fazla ürününün ölçülmesi, karsinojenezis sürecinde genetik varyasyonun etkisini daha iyi açıklamamıza yardımcı olabilecektir. izmir gundem komik videolar cizgi film izle cizgi film 3d oyunlar oyunlar Lung cancer is the most common cancer and has the highest mortality rate in the world. The dominant role of tobacco smoke as a causative factor in lung cancer has been well established. Environmental and genetic predisposition can also play an important role in development of lung cancer. The connection between smoking and these diseases is oxidative stress, a condition in which lipids, proteins and DNA are damaged by the reactive oxygen species. Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) formed by exogeneously and endogeneously processes cause oxidative damage to DNA. 8-hydroxyguanine (8-OHG) is one of the major lesions and repaired by 8-oxoguanine DNA glycosylase (OGG1) which plays an important role in Base Excision Repair (BER) system. 8-OHG is highly mutagenic and, if not excised /repaired on DNA replication, can cause GC to TA transversion mutations. There are many conflicting studies which are showing the association between OGG1 activity and OGG1 Ser326Cys polymorphism. Thus, in this study, it was aimed to investigate the relation between OGG1 Ser326Cys polymorphism and the risk of lung cancer and to measure the levels of urinary 8-OHdG as a biomarker of oxidative DNA damage. One hundred sixty-five subjects with lung cancer and 250 healthy control subjects were genotyped by Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism-Polymerase Chain Reaction (RFLP-PCR) for OGG1 Ser326Cys polymorphism. We could not find any association between OGG1 Ser326Cys polymorphism and the risk of lung cancer. It was also measured urinary 8- OHdG levels by ELISA immunoassay in patients (no received any chemotherapy and radiotherapy) and healthy control subjects. There was no significant difference between patients and control subjects. Surprisingly, our data demonstrated that subjects, with carrying variant genotype, who smoked more than 20 cigarettes /day were, decreased the risk of cancer. Investigating of the combined effects of polymorphisms within many DNA repair genes, measuring products of oxidative stress from smoking and other risk factors may help to clarify the influence of genetic variation in the carcinogenic process