14,547 research outputs found
Galactic X-ray Sources
Bremsstrahlung and synchrotron hypotheses considered as possible mechanisms for galactic X-ray productio
Quantum-Dot Cellular Automata using Buried Dopants
The use of buried dopants to construct quantum-dot cellular automata is
investigated as an alternative to conventional electronic devices for
information transport and elementary computation. This provides a limit in
terms of miniaturisation for this type of system as each potential well is
formed by a single dopant atom. As an example, phosphorous donors in silicon
are found to have good energy level separation with incoherent switching times
of the order of microseconds. However, we also illustrate the possibility of
ultra-fast quantum coherent switching via adiabatic evolution. The switching
speeds are numerically calculated and found to be 10's of picoseconds or less
for a single cell. The effect of decoherence is also simulated in the form of a
dephasing process and limits are estimated for operation with finite dephasing.
The advantages and limitations of this scheme over the more conventional
quantum-dot based scheme are discussed. The use of a buried donor cellular
automata system is also discussed as an architecture for testing several
aspects of buried donor based quantum computing schemes.Comment: Minor changes in response to referees comments. Improved section on
scaling and added plot of incoherent switching time
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Function of B cells expressing a human immunoglobulin M rheumatoid factor autoantibody in transgenic mice.
We have generated transgenic mice that express the immunoglobulin (Ig)M heavy chain and kappa light chain genes coding for a human IgM rheumatoid factor (RF), Les. Transgenic B cells expressing human IgM RF show striking similarities to their counterparts in normal humans. They comprise a significant proportion of the adult B cell population, but secrete only low levels of RF into the serum. The RF transgene-expressing B cells localize to primary B cell follicles and the mantle zone regions of secondary follicles in the spleen. Using these mice we have been able to show that one of the central functions of normal RF-expressing B cells may be to act as highly efficient antigen-presenting cells for low concentrations of immune-complexed antigen. High levels of secretion of IgM RF can not be induced under normal circumstances, although RF-expressing B cells proliferate well in vitro to both aggregated human IgG and anti-human IgM antibodies. However, these mice are not intrinsically secretion deficient. By crossing the RF transgenic mice with the autoimmune MRL/lpr background, we find a dramatic increase, > 200-fold, in levels of serum RF. The results strongly suggest that a major function of normal resting RF B cells is unrelated to antibody secretion. Rather, the RF B cells in the follicles may play a role in antigen presentation and regulation of immune responses to antibody-bound nonself-, and possibly self-antigens. This physiologic role of RF B cells may be disrupted in RF-associated autoimmune disease
Non-Riemannian Gravity and the Einstein-Proca System
We argue that all Einstein-Maxwell or Einstein-Proca solutions to general
relativity may be used to construct a large class of solutions (involving
torsion and non-metricity) to theories of non-Riemannian gravitation that have
been recently discussed in the literature.Comment: 9 pages Plain Tex (No Figures), Letter to Editor Classical and
Quantum Gravit
Pressure of thermal excitations in superfluid helium
We find the pressure, due to the thermal excitations of superfluid helium, at
the interface with a solid. The separate contributions of phonons, rotons
and rotons are derived. The pressure due to rotons is shown to be
negative and partially compensates the positive contribution of rotons,
so the total roton pressure is positive but several times less than the
separate and roton contributions. The pressure of the quasiparticle
gas is shown to account for the fountain effect in . An experiment is
proposed to observe the negative pressure due to rotons.Comment: 14 pages, 4 figure
A cosmological model in Weyl-Cartan spacetime
We present a cosmological model for early stages of the universe on the basis
of a Weyl-Cartan spacetime. In this model, torsion and
nonmetricity are proportional to the vacuum polarization.
Extending earlier work of one of us (RT), we discuss the behavior of the cosmic
scale factor and the Weyl 1-form in detail. We show how our model fits into the
more general framework of metric-affine gravity (MAG).Comment: 19 pages, 5 figures, typos corrected, uses IOP style fil
Concentration of atomic hydrogen diffused into silicon in the temperature range 900–1300 °C
Boron-doped Czochralski silicon samples with [B]~1017 cm−3 have been heated at various temperatures in the range 800–1300 °C in an atmosphere of hydrogen and then quenched. The concentration of [H-B] pairs was measured by infrared localized vibrational mode spectroscopy. It was concluded that the solubility of atomic hydrogen is greater than [Hs] = 5.6 × 1018 exp( − 0.95 eV/kT)cm−3 at the temperatures investigated
Buoyant Venus station mission feasibility study for 1972 and 1973 launch opportunities. Volume 3 - Configuration definition. Part 2 - Appendixes Final report
Buoyant Venus station mission study for 1972 - 1973 launch period - backup data including atmospheric models, heat shield requirements, etc
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