Is Blood Flow Restriction Training Superior for the Limitation of Hamstring and Quadriceps Atrophy After Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction? A Review of Randomized Controlled Trials

Post operative recovery from Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction (ACLR) includes extensive rehabilitation of 6-9 months with return to sport/activity at 12 months Rehabilitation is initiated shortly following surgery to limit quadriceps and hamstring atrophy, maximizing long term tibiofemoral joint stability and functional outcomes The best way to achieve improved muscle strength and prevent atrophy is progressive overload training, however, these activities cannot be performed post operatively without risk to the reconstructed knee Blood Flow Restriction Training (BFR) involves impairing the blood supply for short periods through the application of an air-filled bladder or cuff to restrict the venous drainage of the region of choice BFR allows the surgically repaired limb to be safely stressed after ACLR without added reinjury potential of progressive overload training BFR achieves this elevated stress via systemic hormone production, cell swelling, production of reactive oxygen species, and increased fast twitch fiber recruitment along with stimulation of anabolic and anti-catabolic cell signaling pathways, particularly the mTOR (mechanistic target of rapamycin) protein kinase pathway There is inconsistency of methods, outcome measures and results in literature comparing the outcomes of BFR vs Traditional Post Operative Rehabilitation (TPR

Detection of the 13CO(J=6-5) Transition in the Starburst Galaxy NGC 253

We report the detection of 13CO(J=6-5) emission from the nucleus of the starburst galaxy NGC 253 with the redshift (z) and Early Universe Spectrometer (ZEUS), a new submillimeter grating spectrometer. This is the first extragalactic detection of the 13CO(J=6-5) transition, which traces warm, dense molecular gas. We employ a multi-line LVG analysis and find ~ 35% - 60% of the molecular ISM is both warm (T ~ 110 K) and dense (n(H2) ~ 10^4 cm^-3). We analyze the potential heat sources, and conclude that UV and X-ray photons are unlikely to be energetically important. Instead, the molecular gas is most likely heated by an elevated density of cosmic rays or by the decay of supersonic turbulence through shocks. If the cosmic rays and turbulence are created by stellar feedback within the starburst, then our analysis suggests the starburst may be self-limiting.Comment: 4 pages, 2 figures, accepted by ApJ Letter

Boston Hospitality Review: Fall 2016

The Heart of Successful Hotels: Going Beyond the Monopoly Game Strategy By Joseph Khairallah and Andrea Foster -- Fragments of the Past By Peter Szende and Annie Holcombe -- Hospitality Branding in the Age of the Millennial By Allen Adamson and Chekitan S. Dev -- In 2017 What Will a Restaurant Actually Be? A New Taxonomy By Christopher Muller -- The Unreal Thing: Faux Heritage at Disney By Bradford Hudson -- An Insider’s Look at the 2016 Philadelphia Democratic National Convention: Hospitality and Inclusion at Work By Erin Tucker, Leora Halpern Lanz, and Juan Lesme

Mid-J CO Emission From NGC 891: Microturbulent Molecular Shocks in Normal Star Forming Galaxies

We have detected the CO(6-5), CO(7-6), and [CI] 370 micron lines from the nuclear region of NGC 891 with our submillimeter grating spectrometer ZEUS on the CSO. These lines provide constraints on photodissociation region (PDR) and shock models that have been invoked to explain the H_2 S(0), S(1), and S(2) lines observed with Spitzer. We analyze our data together with the H_2 lines, CO(3-2), and IR continuum from the literature using a combined PDR/shock model. We find that the mid-J CO originates almost entirely from shock-excited warm molecular gas; contributions from PDRs are negligible. Also, almost all the H_2 S(2) and half of the S(1) line is predicted to emerge from shocks. Shocks with a pre-shock density of 2x10^4 cm^-3 and velocities of 10 km/s and 20 km/s for C-shocks and J-shocks, respectively, provide the best fit. In contrast, the [CI] line emission arises exclusively from the PDR component, which is best parameterized by a density of 3.2x10^3 cm^-3 and a FUV field of G_o = 100 for both PDR/shock-type combinations. Our mid-J CO observations show that turbulence is a very important heating source in molecular clouds, even in normal quiescent galaxies. The most likely energy sources for the shocks are supernovae or outflows from YSOs. The energetics of these shock sources favor C-shock excitation of the lines.Comment: 18 pages, 2 figures, 6 tables, accepted by Ap

Increasing Access to Natural Areas: Connecting Physical and Social Dimensions

Report of the 2015 Berkley Workshop Held at the Asticou Inn, Northeast Harbor, Maine - July 201

Improving Human Health by Increasing Access to Natural Areas: Linking Research to Action at Scale

Report of the 2014 Berkley Workshop Held at the Wingspread Conference Center, Johnson Foundation, Racine, Wisconsin - June 201

Status of SuperSpec: A Broadband, On-Chip Millimeter-Wave Spectrometer

SuperSpec is a novel on-chip spectrometer we are developing for multi-object, moderate resolution (R = 100 - 500), large bandwidth (~1.65:1) submillimeter and millimeter survey spectroscopy of high-redshift galaxies. The spectrometer employs a filter bank architecture, and consists of a series of half-wave resonators formed by lithographically-patterned superconducting transmission lines. The signal power admitted by each resonator is detected by a lumped element titanium nitride (TiN) kinetic inductance detector (KID) operating at 100-200 MHz. We have tested a new prototype device that is more sensitive than previous devices, and easier to fabricate. We present a characterization of a representative R=282 channel at f = 236 GHz, including measurements of the spectrometer detection efficiency, the detector responsivity over a large range of optical loading, and the full system optical efficiency. We outline future improvements to the current system that we expect will enable construction of a photon-noise-limited R=100 filter bank, appropriate for a line intensity mapping experiment targeting the [CII] 158 micron transition during the Epoch of ReionizationComment: 16 pages, 10 figures, Proceedings of the SPIE Astronomical Telescopes + Instrumentation 2014 Conference, Vol 9153, Millimeter, Submillimeter, and Far-Infrared Detectors and Instrumentation for Astronomy VI

A Titanium Nitride Absorber for Controlling Optical Crosstalk in Horn-Coupled Aluminum LEKID Arrays for Millimeter Wavelengths

We discuss the design and measured performance of a titanium nitride (TiN) mesh absorber we are developing for controlling optical crosstalk in horn-coupled lumped-element kinetic inductance detector arrays for millimeter-wavelengths. This absorber was added to the fused silica anti-reflection coating attached to previously-characterized, 20-element prototype arrays of LEKIDs fabricated from thin-film aluminum on silicon substrates. To test the TiN crosstalk absorber, we compared the measured response and noise properties of LEKID arrays with and without the TiN mesh. For this test, the LEKIDs were illuminated with an adjustable, incoherent electronic millimeter-wave source. Our measurements show that the optical crosstalk in the LEKID array with the TiN absorber is reduced by 66\% on average, so the approach is effective and a viable candidate for future kilo-pixel arrays.Comment: 7 pages, 5 figures, accepted for publication in the Journal of Low Temperature Physic

Determining Accuracy of Chondral Lesion Sizing Methods Prior to Surgery

Background: Osteochondral lesions of the knee may require cartilage restoration such as osteochondral allograft (OCA) transplantation or autologous chondrocyte implantation (ACI). Although MRI and arthroscopy can offer valuable information regarding lesion characteristics prior to these procedures, no study has compared the use of each in estimating the sizes of grafts used at the time of surgical correction. Hypothesis/Purpose: To compare osteochondral defect size measurements and characteristics across MRI, arthroscopy, and at the time of implantation with OCA or ACI. Study Design: Retrospective Cohort Study (Level III) Methods: Patients who underwent ACI and OCA transplantation at a single institution between 2015 and 2019 were retrospectively identified. Osteochondral lesion characteristics including size were collected preoperatively from MRI and arthroscopy and at the time of definitive open surgical intervention. Subgroup analysis was performed comparing measurement techniques depending on the corrective surgical approach used as well as depending on the mechanism of chondral injury to determine if these had any effect on the ability of arthroscopy or MRI to predict graft size. Results: Overall, 136 chondral lesions were addressed with restoration procedures in 117 patients (mean age 32.5 years). Average difference between final graft size and lesion area measured with index arthroscopy was 116 mm2, while average difference between final graft size and lesion size measured with preoperative MRI was 182 mm2 (P \u3c .001). Depending on surgical technique, measurements with MRI were more similar to final graft size when a patient underwent OCA transplantation versus ACI (P = .007). Depending on mechanism of injury, MRI measurements of lesions were closer to graft area when lesions resulted from trauma (P = .047). Conclusion: Chondral lesion size determined by preoperative MRI imaging is less accurate than arthroscopic measurements. The mechanism injury leading to chondral damage and degree of damage may influence the ability of MRI and arthroscopy to accurately measure chondral lesions and predict the final graft size used in surgical correction. Future studies may be warranted to further investigate influencing factors that alter the reliability of arthroscopy and MRI in measuring chondral lesions. Magnetic Resonanc

Horn-Coupled, Commercially-Fabricated Aluminum Lumped-Element Kinetic Inductance Detectors for Millimeter Wavelengths

We discuss the design, fabrication, and testing of prototype horn-coupled, lumped-element kinetic inductance detectors (LEKIDs) designed for cosmic microwave background (CMB) studies. The LEKIDs are made from a thin aluminum film deposited on a silicon wafer and patterned using standard photolithographic techniques at STAR Cryoelectronics, a commercial device foundry. We fabricated twenty-element arrays, optimized for a spectral band centered on 150 GHz, to test the sensitivity and yield of the devices as well as the multiplexing scheme. We characterized the detectors in two configurations. First, the detectors were tested in a dark environment with the horn apertures covered, and second, the horn apertures were pointed towards a beam-filling cryogenic blackbody load. These tests show that the multiplexing scheme is robust and scalable, the yield across multiple LEKID arrays is 91%, and the noise-equivalent temperatures (NET) for a 4 K optical load are in the range 26\thinspace\pm6 \thinspace \mu \mbox{K} \sqrt{\mbox{s}}