Effects of Supplemental Levels of Bazhen on Growth Performances, Serum Traits, Immunity, Meat Quality and Antioxidant Activity of Taiwan Country Chickens

One hundred and sixty Taiwan country chickens (d-old chicks) were randomly assigned into four groups with four replicates and equal sex. Basal diets were supplemented with 0, 0.5, 1 and 2% of Bazhen powder, a traditional Chinese herbal medicine complex. The study was conducted for 14 wks. Experimental results indicated that Bazhen supplement did not influence feed intake, body weight gain and feed:gain ratio. Compared with control group, the percentage of serum HDL (high-density lipoprotein) linearly increased (p<0.03) and that of VLDL+LDL (very low-density+low-density lipoprotein) linearly decreased (p<0.03) in Bazhen supplemented groups, that 2% Bazhen was significantly different with control group (p<0.05). Chickens fed diets containing 2% Bazhen displayed reduced (p<0.05) serum GOT (glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase) levels. The IgG, γ-globulin levels and PHA (phytohemagglutinin) skin challenge results in 1% Bazhan supplemented group were higher (p<0.05) than in the control group, the SRBC (sheep red blood cell) and ND (newcastle disease) titers in Bazhen supplemented groups were linear higher (p<0.05) than in the control group. The liver catalase activity and the capacity of scavenging DPPH (α-α-diphenyl-β-picrylhydrazyl) radical were linearly increased (p<0.03) in Bazhen supplemented groups, and the 1 and 2% groups were different from the control group (p<0.05). Liver TBARS (thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances) levels in all Bazhen supplemented groups and total glutathione level in the 2% group were reduced (p<0.05) compared to the control group and displayed a linear response (p<0.05). The TBA (thiobarbituric acid) and pH value of the breast muscle after 24 h post-mortem in the Bazhen supplemented groups was linear lower (p<0.05) than in the control group. Results from this study demonstrated that Bazhen supplement in chicken had several beneficial effects, including increased SRBC and ND titers, HDL and IgG, γ-globulin levels, PHA skin challenge result, decreased VLDL+LDL and GOT levels, and displayed antioxidation effects in serum and carcass meat parameters

Measurement and interpretation of same-sign W boson pair production in association with two jets in pp collisions at s = 13 TeV with the ATLAS detector

This paper presents the measurement of fducial and diferential cross sections for both the inclusive and electroweak production of a same-sign W-boson pair in association with two jets (W±W±jj) using 139 fb−1 of proton-proton collision data recorded at a centre-of-mass energy of √s = 13 TeV by the ATLAS detector at the Large Hadron Collider. The analysis is performed by selecting two same-charge leptons, electron or muon, and at least two jets with large invariant mass and a large rapidity diference. The measured fducial cross sections for electroweak and inclusive W±W±jj production are 2.92 ± 0.22 (stat.) ± 0.19 (syst.)fb and 3.38±0.22 (stat.)±0.19 (syst.)fb, respectively, in agreement with Standard Model predictions. The measurements are used to constrain anomalous quartic gauge couplings by extracting 95% confdence level intervals on dimension-8 operators. A search for doubly charged Higgs bosons H±± that are produced in vector-boson fusion processes and decay into a same-sign W boson pair is performed. The largest deviation from the Standard Model occurs for an H±± mass near 450 GeV, with a global signifcance of 2.5 standard deviations

Combination of searches for heavy spin-1 resonances using 139 fb−1 of proton-proton collision data at s = 13 TeV with the ATLAS detector

A combination of searches for new heavy spin-1 resonances decaying into different pairings of W, Z, or Higgs bosons, as well as directly into leptons or quarks, is presented. The data sample used corresponds to 139 fb−1 of proton-proton collisions at = 13 TeV collected during 2015–2018 with the ATLAS detector at the CERN Large Hadron Collider. Analyses selecting quark pairs (qq, bb, , and tb) or third-generation leptons (τν and ττ) are included in this kind of combination for the first time. A simplified model predicting a spin-1 heavy vector-boson triplet is used. Cross-section limits are set at the 95% confidence level and are compared with predictions for the benchmark model. These limits are also expressed in terms of constraints on couplings of the heavy vector-boson triplet to quarks, leptons, and the Higgs boson. The complementarity of the various analyses increases the sensitivity to new physics, and the resulting constraints are stronger than those from any individual analysis considered. The data exclude a heavy vector-boson triplet with mass below 5.8 TeV in a weakly coupled scenario, below 4.4 TeV in a strongly coupled scenario, and up to 1.5 TeV in the case of production via vector-boson fusion

Combination and summary of ATLAS dark matter searches interpreted in a 2HDM with a pseudo-scalar mediator using 139 fb−1 of <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" altimg="si157.svg"><mml:mrow><mml:msqrt><mml:mrow><mml:mi>s</mml:mi></mml:mrow></mml:msqrt><mml:mo linebreak="goodbreak" linebreakstyle="after">=</mml:mo><mml:mn>13</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:math> TeV pp collision data

Results from a wide range of searches targeting different experimental signatures with and without missing transverse momentum ( ) are used to constrain a Two–Higgs-Doublet Model (2HDM) with an additional pseudo-scalar mediating the interaction between ordinary and dark matter (2HDM + a). The analyses use up to 139 fb−1 of proton–proton collision data at a centre-of-mass energy TeV recorded with the ATLAS detector at the Large Hadron Collider during 2015–2018. The results from three of the most sensitive searches are combined statistically. These searches target signatures with large and a leptonically decaying Z boson; large and a Higgs boson decaying to bottom quarks; and production of charged Higgs bosons in final states with top and bottom quarks, respectively. Constraints are derived for several common and new benchmark scenarios in the 2HDM + a

Search for dark photons in rare Z boson decays with the ATLAS detector

A search for events with a dark photon produced in association with a dark Higgs boson via rare decays of the standard model Z boson is presented, using 139     fb − 1 of √ s = 13     TeV proton-proton collision data recorded by the ATLAS detector at the Large Hadron Collider. The dark boson decays into a pair of dark photons, and at least two of the three dark photons must each decay into a pair of electrons or muons, resulting in at least two same-flavor opposite-charge lepton pairs in the final state. The data are found to be consistent with the background prediction, and upper limits are set on the dark photon’s coupling to the dark Higgs boson times the kinetic mixing between the standard model photon and the dark photon, α D ϵ 2 , in the dark photon mass range of [5, 40] GeV except for the Υ mass window [8.8, 11.1] GeV. This search explores new parameter space not previously excluded by other experiments

Combined measurement of the Higgs boson mass from the H → γγ and H → ZZ∗ → 4ℓ decay channels with the ATLAS detector using √s = 7, 8, and 13 TeV pp collision data

A measurement of the mass of the Higgs boson combining the H → Z Z ∗ → 4 ℓ and H → γ γ decay channels is presented. The result is based on 140     fb − 1 of proton-proton collision data collected by the ATLAS detector during LHC run 2 at a center-of-mass energy of 13 TeV combined with the run 1 ATLAS mass measurement, performed at center-of-mass energies of 7 and 8 TeV, yielding a Higgs boson mass of 125.11 ± 0.09 ( stat ) ± 0.06 ( syst ) = 125.11 ± 0.11     GeV . This corresponds to a 0.09% precision achieved on this fundamental parameter of the Standard Model of particle physics

The lipid metabolism of Tsaiya ducks under ad libitum and fasting

摘 要 本研究旨在探討台灣菜鴨在任飼與禁食情況下之脂質代謝。試驗一主在探討血液及肝臟之相關性狀， 分別於生長期(8週齡)及產蛋期(26週齡, 產蛋10週後)選取菜鴨60隻進行飼養試驗。逢機分為任飼組與禁食3日組，試驗期間各為30日。結果顯示產蛋期之血中三酸甘油酯濃度約為生長期之7倍, 其肝中脂肪含量及磷脂質濃度也明顯上升, 血中非酯化脂肪酸及肝中酮體濃度亦上升。禁食顯著影響生長期及產蛋期血液及肝臟中有關脂質代謝之性狀, 與脂質合成相關之性狀如血醣、三酸甘油酯及磷脂質濃度顯著下降(P<0.05); 而與脂質分解之相關性狀如血中之非酯化脂肪酸、甘油及酮體則顯著上升(P<0.05)。鴨隻之體重、腹脂、肝臟及肝中三酸甘油酯含量也明顯降低(P<0.05), 而肝中之酮體則顯著升高(P<0.05)。本試驗顯示禁食會促進菜鴨脂質分解而抑制脂質合成; 產蛋期之脂質合成及分解速率皆高於生長期。 試驗二主在探討在任飼與禁食情況下菜鴨脂質代謝相關酵素之活性, 試驗設計如試驗一。試驗結果顯示鴨隻產蛋期之脂質合成酵素之活性高於生長期者, 其所需之NADPH主由蘋果酸去氫(MDH)供應, 由五碳醣路徑而來的相當少。產蛋期脂肪組織及心肌之脂蛋白脂解(LPL)之活性較生長期者為低。禁食顯著降低產蛋前後肝臟中大部分脂質合成之酵素活性(P<0.05); 使肝臟中大部之脂肪酸b-氧化酵素之活性上升(P<0.05); 脂肪組織、心肌及濾泡中之LPL活性也顯著降低(P<0.05); 生長期之賀爾蒙敏感性脂解活性也降低(P<0.05)。本試驗結果顯示禁食降低菜鴨脂質合成相關酵素及脂蛋白脂解之活性, 而使肝臟中之脂肪酸b-氧化酵素活性上升; 產蛋期之脂質合成相關酵素活性高於生長期。 試驗三主在探討在任飼與禁食情況下菜鴨各種脂蛋白之分佈及其成分之差異，在生長期(8週齡)及產蛋期(26週齡, 產蛋10週後)各選取30隻，逢機分為正常餵飼組及連續禁食3日組，試驗期間每期各為30日。結果顯示生長期菜鴨之血漿脂蛋白以HDL佔最多，但在產蛋期菜鴨則以VLDL為主。無論生長期或產蛋期之VHDL中之成分皆以蛋白質為主；HDL2含高量之磷脂質；VLDL中含大量之TG，而產蛋期之VLDL所含的TG量較生長期為高，產蛋期之VLDL顆粒也較生長期者為大。無論生長期或產蛋期，禁食皆顯著降低VLDL之量(P<0.05)。禁食也顯著降低大部分脂蛋白中之TG及磷脂質(P<0.05)；而膽固醇及蛋白質則提高(P<0.05)。禁食也降低HDL及VLDL之顆粒直徑(P<0.05)。本試驗顯示產蛋期與生長期菜鴨之脂蛋白分佈﹑組成及顆粒直徑皆有差異; 而禁食會影響脂蛋白之組成及降低顆粒直徑。 試驗四主在探討在任飼與禁食情況下生長期及產蛋期菜鴨血漿各種脂蛋白中脫輔基脂蛋白之成分，試驗設計如試驗三。結果顯示生長期菜鴨之各種高密度脂蛋白皆含脫輔基脂蛋白(apo) B, VHDL及HDL2 中富含KD-66 (類似白蛋白)之脫輔基脂蛋白, 而HDL3 主含apo A-I; 各種低密度脂蛋白中皆含apo B 及 KD-66, 也皆可發現apo A-I; 另門脈微粒(portomicron)尚含apo A-IV、A-II及C-II。各種低密度脂蛋白含豐富之apo B, 尤以VLDL為最高。產蛋期各種高密度脂蛋白中之脫輔基脂蛋白與生長期者類似, 但apo A-I在HDL2及HDL3之含量極少, 幾乎測不到; apo C-II也是。產蛋期之VLDL也主含apo B, 而難發現到apo A-I; 門脈微粒中之脫輔基脂蛋白成分似生長期者。禁食後大部分脂蛋白中之apo B顯著下降(P<0.05), 而apo A-I、C-II及KD-66比例則上升(P<0.05)。本試驗顯示菜鴨生長期與產蛋期之各種高密度脂蛋白及低密度脂蛋白中之脫輔基脂蛋白成份仍有所差異，而禁食也會影響其中脫輔基脂蛋白之比例。 試驗五乃以in vitro法探討在任飼與禁食情況下菜鴨之脂質代謝，試驗設計如試驗三。 結果顯示產蛋期之脂質合成能力明顯高於生長期，鴨隻利用acetate 合成脂質之能力較glucose 為佳, 生長期鴨隻由glucose及acetate所合成之脂肪酸及甘油大約各佔三酸甘油酯(TG)之一半左右；而產蛋期則由glucose及 acetate 合成脂肪酸之量佔TG約65-70%，合成甘油之量較少。禁食顯著使肝臟及脂肪細胞之脂質分解速率增加（P<0.05）。禁食顯著使肝臟利用glucose 及acetate合成總脂質、TG、脂肪酸及甘油之能力降低(P<0.05),14CO2之產生也減少(P<0.05)。本試驗顯示菜鴨產蛋期肝細胞之脂質合成能力高於生長期; 禁食顯著降低生長期及產蛋期肝細胞之脂質合成能力及提升脂肪細胞之脂質分解速率。Abstract The goal of this study was to investigate the lipid metabolism of Tsaiya ducks under ad libitum and fasting conditions. Trial 1 investigated the lipid metabolism related traits of plasma and liver of Tsaiya ducks. Each of the sixty ducks in the growth period (8-12 weeks old) and in the early laying period (26-30 weeks old; 10-14 weeks from the onset of laying) were randomly allocated into an ad libitum feeding and a 3-day fasting group. According to these results, Tsaiya ducks with ad libitum had markedly higher concentrations of plasma glycerol and ketone bodies. Plasma triacylglycerol (TG) content of laying ducks was approximately seven folds higher than that of growing ducks. Contents of liver fat and ketone bodies, plasma phospholipid and nonesterified fatty acid (NEFA) was higher in laying period than in growth period. The lipogenesis related traits, including contents of blood glucose, plasma TG and phospholipid, were significantly decreased by fasting (P<0.05). In contrast, the lipolysis related traits, including contents of plasma NEFA, glycerol and ketone bodies, were significantly increased by fasting (P<0.05). After fasting, body and liver weights and contents of abdominal fat and liver TG were significantly decreased (P<0.05), however, content of liver ketone bodies was markedly increased (P<0.05). Based on these results, we can conclude that fasting depresses lipogenesis and increases lipolysis of Tsaiya ducks and that lipogenesis is more active in the laying period than in the growth period. Trial 2 investigated the activities of enzymes related to lipid metabolism of Tsaiya ducks under fasting and ad libitum feeding conditions. Experimented design was the same as in trial 1. Experimental results indicated that fasting depressed the activities of lipogenesis related enzymes in both periods (P<0.05). Fasting also increased the activity of liver fatty acid b-oxidation enzymes (P<0.05). However, the activities of lipoprotein lipase in adipose tissue and heart in both periods and the hormone-sensitive lipase of adipose tissue in the growth period were decreased by fasting (p<0.01). Trial 3 investigated profile and composition of lipoproteins in Tsaiya ducks under ad libitum and fasting. The study was conducted on each of thirty Tsaiya ducks with two 30 days periods. The first study period commenced when the ducks had reached the age of eight weeks (growing period), and the second 10 weeks after the onset of laying (26 wk-old, laying period). The ducks were randomly divided into an ad libitum feeding and a 3-day fasting group. Results indicated that HDL was the largest component of lipoprotein in growing ducks; but that in laying ducks the major component of lipoprotein was VLDL. It was also shown that protein is the primary component of VHDL during both periods; HDL2 contained a high proportion of phospholipids; triacylglycerol (TG) composed the largest portion of VLDL in both periods. In laying ducks, VLDL contained more TG than in growing ducks; VLDL particle size in laying ducks was larger than in growing ducks. Fasting significantly decreased VLDL levels during both periods (p<0.05). TG and phospholipids concentration in most lipoproteins were also decreased by fasting during both test periods (p<0.05). In contrast, the cholesterol and protein in most lipoproteins were increased by fasting (p<0.05). The particle size of HDL and VLDL also decreased during fasting (p<0.05). This study indicated that lipoprotein profile and composition of Tsaiya ducks in laying period was different from in growing period and could be affected by fasting. Trial 4 investigated the apolipoprotein components in various plasma lipoproteins of Tsaiya ducks under the ad libitum and fasting condition in growing and laying period. Experimented design was the same as in trial one. Results of growing period indicated that various plasma high-density lipoproteins of Tsaiya ducks contained apolipoprotein (apo) B; very high-density lipoprotein (VHDL) and HDL2 which had abundance of KD-66 (albumin). Apo A-I was the major component of apolipoprotein in HDL3. Various plasma low density lipoproteins all showed that they contained apo B and KD-66, and all were found to have apo A-I; beside these, portomicron also contained apo A-IV, A-II and C-II; these low density lipoproteins showed that they were rich in apo B, particularly, with VLDL being the richest. In the laying period, the apolipoprotein components in various high density lipoproteins were similar to those in growing period, but HDL2 and HDL3 contained trace of A-I, and nearly undetectable, apo C-II as well. Apo B also was the primary component of apolipoproteins in laying ducks￠ VLDL; unlike growing duck, apo A-I was hardly observed in various low density lipoproteins of laying ducks. The apolipoprotein components of laying ducks￠ portomicron resembled that of growing ducks. Apo B in most lipoproteins was reduced by fasting (P<0.05); in contrast, apo A-I, C-II and KD-66 in most lipoproteins were increased by fasting (P<0.05). This study indicated that apolipoprotein components in various plasma lipoproteins varied between growing and laying periods of Tsaiya ducks; and the ratio of apolipoproteins could be affected by fasting. Trial 5 was attempted to elucidate the lipid metabolism of Tsaiya ducks. The experimented design was the same as in trial one. Results indicated that (1) the capacity of hepatocytes to incorporate glucose and acetate into total lipid and metabolite of 14CO2 production in the laying period was greater than in the growing period. Approximately 50% of the glucose or acetate converted into triacylglycerol (TG) by the hepatocytes was recovered as fatty acid in the growing period, while it was 65-70% in the laying period. (2) Acetate used for lipogenesis was superior to glucose in both periods. (3) The lipolysis rate of adipocytes was increased significantly (P<0.05) by fasting. In contrast, the capacity of incorporated glucose or acetate into total lipid, triacylglycerol, fatty acid and glycerol by hepatocytes was reduced significantly (P<0.05) by fasting.封面 目次 一、中文摘要 二、前言 三、文獻探討 第一節:家禽脂質之代謝 第二節:脂質代謝調節 第三節:脂質合成重要調控酵素之性狀 第四節:脂蛋白之結構與代謝 第五節:產蛋家禽液中之脂蛋白及脫輔基脂蛋白之特性 第六節:禁食再餵飼對脂質代謝之影響 四、實驗部份 第一章:任飼與禁食情況下菜鴨血液及肝臟中有關脂質代謝之性狀 第一節 材料與方法 第二節 結果 第三節 討論 第二章:任飼與禁食情況下菜鴨有關脂質代謝酵素之活性 第一節 材料與方法 第二節 結果 第三節 討論 第三章:任飼與禁食情況下菜鴨血漿中脂質蛋白之分佈及成份 第一節 材料與方法 第二節 結果 第三節 討論 第四章:任飼與禁食情況下菜鴨血漿中脂蛋白之顆粒及脫輔基脂蛋白之分佈 第一節 材料與方法 第二節 結果 第三節 討論 第五章:任飼與禁食情況下菜鴨之脂質代謝(in vitro) 第一節 材料與方法 第二節 結果 第三節 討論 五、結論 六、參考文獻 七、英文摘