Genetic Control and Phytohormonal Regulation of Plant Embryogenesis

The review is devoted to genetic mechanisms of regulation of plant embryonic development. Numerous families of genes identified to date that control this phase of plant ontogenesis are presented in detail; their key role in the formation and development of plant seed is described. Data concerning important role of different classes of phytohormones such as auxins, cytokinins, gibberellic acid, brassinosteroids, abscisic acid, ethylene and jasmonic acid in the regulation of plant growth and development during embryogenesis are resulted

The development of a quality management system at industrial enterprises

Today, the development of modern industrial production is impossible without the development and implementation of quality management systems. The quality management system is a system that is intended for the general management of quality to ensure the requested quality of products or services. It satisfies all participants in the production process, namely, these are consumers, suppliers and the whole society

DOMINANTS OF UKRAINE’S FOREIGN TRADE INTELLECTUALIZATION

The article raises the problem of identifying dominants and assessing the level of international trade intellectualization in the context of the formation of prerequisites for the optimal use of intellectual technologies under integration of Ukraine into the world economy. The purpose of the article is to define key dominants of international trade intellectualization and to assess their development in Ukraine's foreign trade. The applicable estimation is carried out by introduction of the international trade intellectualization index – an integrated index based on the sum of weighted average group indicators. Also, the nature of international trade intellectualization processes is discovered, their forms and peculiarities both in government and business are identified. Current state and problems limiting intellectualization of Ukraine's foreign trade are characterized. The dominants of Ukraine's foreign trade intellectualization and regulatory mechanisms intensifying the export potential of its economy are defined.Tyrimo problema – identifikuoti determinantus ir įvertinti tarptautinės prekybos intelektualizacijos lygį, atsižvelgiant į intelektualinių technologijų naudojimo sąlygas, integruojant Ukrainą į pasaulio ekonomiką. Straipsnio tikslas – apibūdinti pagrindinius tarptautinės prekybos intelektualizacijos dominantus ir įvertinti jų raidą Ukrainos užsienio prekyboje. Įvertinimas atliekamas naudojant autorių pasiūlytas tarptautinės prekybos intelektualizacijos indeksą, pagrįstą vidutinių svertinių grupių rodiklių suma. Straipsnyje atskleidžiamas tarptautinės prekybos intelektualizacijos procesų pobūdis, nustatomos jų formos ir ypatumai tiek Vyriausybėje, tiek versle; apibūdinama intelektualizacijos dabartinė būklė ir problemos bei apribojimai Ukrainos užsienio prekyboje. Apibrėžiami prekybos intelektualizacijos dominantai ir reguliavimo mechanizmai, sustiprinantys prekybos ekonomikos eksporto potencialą

A unique role for clathrin light chain A in cell spreading and migration.

Clathrin heavy chain is the structural component of the clathrin triskelion, but unique functions for the two distinct and highly conserved clathrin light chains (CLCa and CLCb, also known as CLTA and CLTB, respectively) have been elusive. Here, we show that following detachment and replating, CLCa is uniquely responsible for promoting efficient cell spreading and migration. Selective depletion of CLCa, but not of CLCb, reduced the initial phase of isotropic spreading of HeLa, H1299 and HEK293 cells by 60-80% compared to siRNA controls, and wound closure and motility by ∼50%. Surface levels of β1-integrins were unaffected by CLCa depletion. However, CLCa was required for effective targeting of FAK (also known as PTK2) and paxillin to the adherent surface of spreading cells, for integrin-mediated activation of Src, FAK and paxillin, and for maturation of focal adhesions, but not their microtubule-based turnover. Depletion of CLCa also blocked the interaction of clathrin with the nucleation-promoting factor WAVE complex, and altered actin distribution. Furthermore, preferential recruitment of CLCa to budding protrusions was also observed. These results comprise the first identification of CLCa-specific functions, with implications for normal and neoplastic integrin-based signaling and cell migration

To the Mathematical Theory of the Temkin Adsorption Model

This study expands the mathematical theory of the Temkin adsorption model and demonstrates the way experimental data are to be additionally treated. A functional complement property of the Temkin isotherm has been studied as a particular case of the common theory of asymptotic complement. This property is shown to give rise to various analytical strategies to be employed for processing or interpretation of the experimental results, e.g. to perform mapping of data obtained in experiments onto a conjugated part of the true isotherm, to judge if presupposed energetic heterogeneity type of the surface really takes place, etc. Experimental data for adsorption of carbon monoxide on gold and of sodium oleate on steel with and without a magnetite coating have been extensively analysed

Netback pricing as a remedy for the Russian gas deficit

Abstract: This descriptive study discusses the effects of increases in domestic gas prices on the Russian gas market. Domestic natural gas prices have remained below their long-run marginal cost for more than a decade since Russia’s movement toward a market economy in 1991. As a result, the ability of the Russian gas sector to meet future growing demand from domestic and foreign consumers has come under question. In an attempt to avoid gas shortages in the future, Russian government wishes to introduce netback pricing of natural gas after 2011. Netback pricing refers to the process of equalizing the gas price in Russia to the gas price in Europe after adjusting for export taxes, transportation costs, and transit tariffs. The paper concludes that netback pricing can help Russia to avoid a gas deficit. However, the gas supply in Russia will remain tight until 2011. The downside of netback pricing is that it increases the ability of Gazprom to strengthen its control over the Russian gas industry. Keywords: Russia, natural gas, netback price, supply shortage, deficit. JEL classification: D40, L11, Q31, Q38

Behind the Scenes: Tracing Shakespearean Discourse from Russian Formalism to Bakhtin’s Theory of the Novel

At the beginning of the 20th Century, in reaction to the 19th-century emphasis on realism, Russian artistic life became strongly influenced by popular theatrical practices, accentuating masks and clowns as dominant themes. This development created an interconnectedness of the Renaissance theatre, such as commedia dell’arte and Shakespearean drama, and the avant-garde culture, whose accent on the elemental presented the traditional masks and stage plots in a new light. As the theater became the governing artistic medium which influenced other media, it also permeated the critical thought of the period. This essay investigates how Shakespearean drama was interpreted and incorporated into the formalist theatrical practices of the time, focusing on Vsevolod Meyerhold’s stagings, as well as the theoretical thought of the formalist circle known as OPOYAZ, and traces those influences in Mikhail Bakhtin’s theory of the novel. The essay provides an analysis of Meyerhold’s experiments with Hamlet, followed by a close reading of Viktor Shklovsky's essay "On the Subject of King Lear.” In the final section, the essay focuses on a close reading of Bakhtin's "notes and additions to Rabelais," which contain unfinished ideas and interpretations of Macbeth and King Lear. Understanding the way Bakhtin re-interpreted formalist ideas about the Shakespearean stage provides new insight into the underpinnings of his theory but also highlights the elements of Shakespearean plays usually left without attention