SOROEPIDEMIOLOGIA E FATORES ASSOCIADOS À TRANSMISSÃO DO Toxoplasma gondii EM SUÍNOS DO NORTE DO PARANÁ

Devido à importância do suíno como fonte de infecção da toxoplasmose humana e aos problemas reprodutivos gerados por esta enfermidade, objetivou-se traçar o perfil soroepidemiológico e os fatores associados à transmissão do Toxoplasma gondii no rebanho de suínos da região Norte do Paraná. Coletaram-se amostras de 521 animais (324 matrizes, 157 marrãs e 40 cachaços), de 22 propriedades suinícolas. Foi aplicado um questionário epidemiológico para verificar as características em relação aos manejos adotados. Realizou-se Imunofluorescência Indireta (IFI) para detecção de anticorpos anti-T. gondii (IgG) e considerou-se positivas as amostras que apresentaram título ³ 64. De 521 amostras de soro analisadas pela IFI, resultaram em 15,35% reagentes (80/521), sendo 54 (10,37%) matrizes, 20 (3,83%) marrãs e seis (1,15%) cachaços. A análise das variáveis evidenciou que o sistema de criação intensivo foi um fator de proteção para a presença de T. gondii. Entretanto, o acesso de outros animais ao cocho de ração e ao reservatório de água, a utilização do bebedouro tipo canaleta, presença de lâmina dágua nas baias e a existência de áreas alagadiças, foram fatores que contribuíram para a infecção pelo T. gondii. Serumepidemiology and associated factors on swine transmission of Toxoplasma gondii at Northern Paraná Brazil Abstract Due to the importance of swine as an infection source of toxoplasmosis to man and the reproductive problems that this disease causes, it was defined the prevalence and the factors associated with the transmission of Toxoplasma gondii in swine herds of northern Paraná State. A total of 521 serum samples (324 sows, 157 gilts e 40 boars) from 22 herds were analyzed and an epidemiological questionnaire was applied to obtain the management employed in these properties. The indirect immunofluorescence (IFAT) test was performed to detect anti-T. gondii antibodies (IgG) and titers ³ 64 were considered positive. From the 521 analyzed serum samples, 15.35% (80/521) were reactive for the IFAT test 54 (10.37%) sows, 20 (3.83%) gilts and 6 (1.15%) boars. The statistical analysis has shown that the intensive management system is a protective factor for T. gondii infection. However, the access of other animals to the water and food reservoir, the channels water-thought, the pens with water-blade and the presence of wet areas were factors which contributed to wards the infection by T. gondii

Detection of Toxoplasma gondii by PCR and mouse bioassay in commercial cuts of pork from experimentally infected pigs Detecção do Toxoplasma gondii por PCR e bioensaio em camundongo em cortes comerciais de carnes de suínos infectados experimentalmente

The distribution of T. gondii in commercial cuts of pork (ham, tenderloin, spareribs and arm picnic) by PCR and bioassay from experimentally infected pigs, was evaluated. Eighteen mixed breed pigs were divided into two groups (G). The G1 animals (n=10) were infected with 4 x10(4) oocysts of the T. gondii VEG strain and the G2 animals (n=8) were used as control. Pigs of both groups were slaughtered at 59th day after infection, and meat samples were collected for bioassay and PCR. All animals from G1 were positive by at least one or both tests, and all control animals were negative. T. gondii was identified in pork by mouse bioassay and PCR in 27/40 (67.5%) and in 9/40 (22.5%) of the evaluated samples, respectively. There were no statistical differences in the distribution of tissue cysts from commercial cuts of pork by bioassay (P>0.05). However, statistical differences were observed when mouse bioassay and PCR were compared (P<0.01).<br>Avaliou-se a presença de T. gondii em cortes comerciais de carne suína (pernil, lombo, costela e paleta), por meio do bioensaio e PCR, em animais experimentalmente inoculados. Dois grupos (G) foram formados. Os animais do G1 (n=10) foram inoculados com 4 x10(4) oocistos da cepa VEG e os do G2 (n=8) permaneceram como grupo-controle, não inoculado. Todos os animais foram abatidos no dia 59 após a infecção, quando foram colhidas as amostras de carne para a realização das provas de bioensaio e da PCR. Todos os suínos do G1 apresentaram-se positivos a pelo menos um dos testes de diagnóstico ou a ambos, e os do grupo-controle permaneceram negativos. Não houve diferenças significativas em relação aos tipos de cortes comerciais e à presença do parasita no bioensaio (P>0,05). O bioensaio foi capaz de detectar T. gondii em 27/40 (67,5%) amostras e a PCR em 9/40 (22,5%). O estudo mostrou diferença entre o bioensaio e a PCR (P<0,01)

Detecção de anticorpos para Toxoplasma gondii em soro de suínos criados e abatidos em frigoríficos da região da grande Porto Alegre-RS, Brasil Detection of antibodies against Toxoplasma gondii in sera from swine bred and slaughtered in the great Porto Alegre-RS abbattoirs, Brazil

No presente trabalho, objetivou-se contribuir com dados sobre a freqüência de sororeagentes para Toxoplasma gondii em suínos criados e abatidos na Região da Grande Porto Alegre e fornecer subsídios sobre a importância da transmissão deste protozoário, por suínos. Foram coletadas amostras de 240 suínos em frigoríficos da região. A freqüência de anticorpos anti- Toxoplasma gondii, determinada através da técnica de hemaglutinação indireta, foi de 20 % de soros iguais ou superiores a diluição 1:64. Na técnica de imunofluorescência indireta, foram encontrados 33,75% de soro com diluição iguais a 1:16 ou superiores.<br>This report objectived to contribuite with data about the antibodies occurence of Toxoplasma gondii in swine bred and slaughtered in the area of Great Porto Alegre- RS, Brazil. The data should supply with subsidies on the importance of this protozoan transmission through swines. Samples were taken from 240 swines at slaughterhouses in that region. The frequency of anti-Toxoplasma gondii antibodies, determinanet through the indirect hemagglutination technic was of 20% of serum equal or superior to 1:64 dilution. In the indirect immunofluorescence technic was found 33.75% in serum with a diluition equal to 1:16 or superior

Framing Financial Responsibility : An analysis of the limitations of accounting

In organisations, accounting—understood broadly as calculative practices—is claimed to serve as a critical vehicle when introducing forms of individual financial responsibility. Whereas most prior accounting research has been preoccupied with asserting this claim, this paper opens an opportunity to examine the limitations of accounting as a technology of responsibilisation. It does so by moving the empirical focus beyond the borders of people’s work settings and into the private sphere of everyday life, investigating governmental efforts to turn high school students into financially responsible citizens. The analysis, informed by framing theory, reveals that the efficiency of accounting is conditioned by people’s calculative understanding. Hence, in situations where individuals are expected to lack this basic calculative competency, accounting is presumed to be inappropriate as a means of introducing financial responsibility. This has implications for re-considering how the relation between accounting and responsibility is constituted