Redshift Dependent Lag-Luminosity Relation in 565 BASTE Gamma Ray Bursts

We compared redshifts $z_Y$ from Yonetoku relation and $z_{lag}$ from the lag-luminosity relation for 565 BASTE GRBs and were surprised to find that the correlation is very low. Assuming that the luminosity is a function of both $z_Y$ and the intrinsic spectral lag $\tau_{lag}$, we found a new redshift dependent lag-luminosity relation as $L=7.5\times 10^{50}{\rm erg/s}(1+z)^{2.53}\tau_{lag}^{-0.282}$ with the correlation coefficient of 0.77 and the chance probability of $7.9\times 10^{-75}$. To check the validity of this method, we examined the other luminosity indicator, Amati relation, using $z_Y$ and the observed fluence and found the correlation coefficient of 0.92 and the chance probability of $5.2\times 10^{-106}$. Although the spectral lag is computed from two channels of BATSE, our new lag-luminosity relation suggests that a possible lag-luminosity relation in the \swift era should also depend on redshift

Constraints on w0w_0 and waw_a of Dark Energy from High Redshift Gamma Ray Bursts

We extend the Hubble diagram up to $z = 5.6$ using 63 gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) via peak energy-peak luminosity relation (so called Yonetoku relation), and obtain constraints on cosmological parameters including dynamical dark energy parametrized by $P/\rho\equiv w(z) = w_0 + w_a \cdot z/(1+z)$. It is found that the current GRB data are consistent with the concordance model, ($\Omega_m = 0.28, \Omega_{\Lambda} = 0.72, w_0 = -1, w_a = 0$), within two sigma level. Although constraints from GRBs themselves are not so strong, they can improve the conventional constraints from SNeIa because GRBs have much higher redshifts. Further we estimate the constraints on the dark-energy parameters expected by future observations with GLAST (Gamma-ray Large Area Space Telescope) and \swift by Monte-Carlo simulation. Constraints would improve substantially with another 150 GRBs.Comment: 5 pages, 6 figures. Submitted tu MNRA

Gamma-Ray Bursts in 1.8<z<5.61.8 < z < 5.6 Suggest that the Time Variation of the Dark Energy is Small

We calibrated the peak energy-peak luminosity relation of GRBs (so called Yonetoku relation) using 33 events with the redshift $z < 1.62$ without assuming any cosmological models. The luminosity distances to GRBs are estimated from those of large amount of Type Ia supernovae with $z<1.755$. This calibrated Yonetoku relation can be used as a new cosmic distance ladder toward higher redshifts. We determined the luminosity distances of 30 GRBs in $1.8 < z < 5.6$ using the calibrated relation and plotted the likelihood contour in $(\Omega_m,\Omega_\Lambda)$ plane. We obtained $(\Omega_m, \Omega_{\Lambda})= (0.37^{+0.14}_{-0.11}, 0.63^{+0.11}_{-0.14})$ for a flat universe. Since our method is free from the circularity problem, we can say that our universe in $1.8 < z < 5.6$ is compatible with the so called concordance cosmological model derived for $z < 1.8$. This suggests that the time variation of the dark energy is small or zero up to $z\sim 6$.Comment: 4 pages, 4 figures, accepted to MNRA

Partial purification of Simian virus 40 large T antigen by immunoaffinity chromatography and its detection by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.

Simian virus 40 (SV40) large T antigen was partially purified from small amounts of SV40-infected and SV40-transformed cells by immunoaffinity chromatography with high recovery. T antigen, in both crude and partially purified states, was detected rapidly by a sensitive and quantitative enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Stability of the partially purified T antigen was found to increase by addition of 0.01% bovine serum albumin (BSA).</p

Case report: Fatal poisoning caused by additive effects of two barbiturates

A case of fatal poisoning involving multiple psychotropic drugs is presented. Quantitative toxicological analysis showed femoral blood concentrations of pentobarbital, phenobarbital, duloxetine, acetaminophen and tramadol were 10.39, 22.57, 0.22, 0.61 and 0.22 μg/ml, respectively. We concluded that the death was due to the additive effects of two barbiturates. As both pentobarbital and phenobarbital act on gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) receptors, central nervous system activity was suppressed, causing respiratory depression. Additive pharmacological effects should be considered in cases of massive ingestion of multiple drugs

カンゴショク ノ ダイガクイン シンガク ニ カンスル カンゴカンリシャ ノ ニンシキ : -シガケンナイ ノ カンゴカンリシャ ヲ タイショウ トシテ -

背景 近年, 看護系大学院の増加に伴い社会人大学院生が増加している. しかし, 職場の理解が得られず, キャリアを中断して学業に専念する学生や進学そのものを断念する者も多い. 目的 本学が大学院を開設する場合には, 他大学と同様に社会人が入学生の多くを占めると推測されるため, 看護職の大学院進学に関する看護管理者の認識について調査を行なった. 方法 滋賀県内の病院及び実習関連施設等の管理者144名を対象に質問紙調査を実施した. 結果 70名からの回答 (回収率48.61%) が得られた. 大学院修了看護職に期待する管理者は51.42%, 所属施設に大学院卒看護職が必要とする管理者は38.57%であったが, 両者ともわからないと回答した管理者は42.85%であった. また, 進学制度がある施設は25.71%であった. 結論 本調査対象である看護管理者が大学院修了看護職に期待する内容, 必要とする理由は, 研究や教育, 管理的役割, 看護実践の質的向上など先行研究と同様の結果であったが, 大学院修了看護職にどのように活動してもらうかイメージをもてていない管理者も多いことが明らかになった.Background Recently, the number of the graduate students of nursing who also work for full time jobs has been increasing as many new graduate schools of nursing have been established. However, many of them have been had to give up pursuing either their career or education, due to the lack of the understanding from their work places.Object When establishing a graduate school of nursing in our university, it is expected that many of the students will be working full time as it is seen in many other schools. Thus, we conducted a survey to the administrators of nursing institutions asking about their opinions for their workers to go on to graduate school education.Method Surveyed on 144 administrators of nursing institutions in Shiga prefecture, including the hospitals and institutions where our students train in, through questionnaires.Result 70 cases were collected (response rate: 48.61%). 51.42% have positive opinions forward the workers who have finished the master\u27s course of the field, 38.57% said they need them at their work places, and 42.85% said they do not know. However, only 25.71% of the institutions provided the system of supporting the workers for their further education and their main concern seems to be how the organizations and the workers can make mutual understanding for their career.Conclusion The survey showed that some of the administrators have positive opinions toward the workers who have finished the master\u27s degree course of nursing and that they feel the need for them at their work places as it was shown in previous studies. However, it has also been found that many of them do not have a clear picture of how those workers can be actively participated at their work places

B cell-derived GABA elicits IL-10⁺ macrophages to limit anti-tumour immunity

GABAを標的とする抗腫瘍免疫機構 --代謝産物を介した免疫細胞間制御の一端を解明--. 京都大学プレスリリース. 2021-11-10.Small, soluble metabolites not only are essential intermediates in intracellular biochemical processes, but can also influence neighbouring cells when released into the extracellular milieu1-3. Here we identify the metabolite and neurotransmitter GABA as a candidate signalling molecule synthesized and secreted by activated B cells and plasma cells. We show that B cell-derived GABA promotes monocyte differentiation into anti-inflammatory macrophages that secrete interleukin-10 and inhibit CD8⁺ T cell killer function. In mice, B cell deficiency or B cell-specific inactivation of the GABA-generating enzyme GAD67 enhances anti-tumour responses. Our study reveals that, in addition to cytokines and membrane proteins, small metabolites derived from B-lineage cells have immunoregulatory functions, which may be pharmaceutical targets allowing fine-tuning of immune responses

シンセツ カンゴ ガクブ ニ オケル カンゴ ジッセン ノウリョク イクセイ ノ タメ ノ カンゴ ギジュツ コウモク ノ ケントウ

背景 高齢化社会や医療の高度化の到来から, 看護学生の看護実践能力の強化の必要性が重要課題となっている. 目的 新設看護学部において看護実践能力が高い学生を育成するために必要と考えられる看護技術項目を明らかにすることを目的とした. 方法 各看護学領域代表者で技術項目検討委員会をもち, 本学部の教育理念に従って, 既存文献を参考にしながら, 項目を追加修正し, 各看護学領域が講義・演習・実習のどこで学習するかを確認した. 結果 学生の看護実践能力を育成する為の看護技術項目は19項目の大項目, 131の中項目, 160の小項目と整理し, 看護技術項目のシートを作成した. 結論 作成したシートは, 各看護学領域で学習する内容を講義の教材として活用し, 学生・教員・実習の指導者の3者間で, 個々の学生の看護技術の習得に有効であると考える. またそれは, 学生の看護実践能力の強化へと期待できる.Background With the aging of society and the advances in medical care technologies, it is increasingly important and necessary for nursing students to be able to use their nursing knowledge and skills in a practical setting. Educational institutions are therefore urged to provide the students with such training.Purpose The purpose of this paper is to clarify what skills are actually necessary and useful for students to become effective in their practice as nurses, and what training should be given at the new nursing department in order to enhance the practical nursing skills of students.Methods First, scholars and representatives of nursing-related fields formed a committee where skills required for achieving the purpose stated above were redefined in accordance with the university\u27s educational objectives. In revising the existing skills items, published information was also used as a reference. How each of the skills is learned, either in lectures, classroom training, or practical training, was confirmed by the committee.Results The nursing skills identified by the committee were classified into 19 skills of major importance, 131 skills of medium importance and 160 skills of less importance. The committee summarized them as a list of nursing skills.Conclusion The list can be used as teaching materials in the class, and can be used not only by teachers and advisors in the training but also by students. Students would refer to the list when learning nursing skills. Such use of the list may reinforce students\u27 ability to apply the obtained skills in their nursing performance