Clinicopathological Characteristics of Alpha-Fetoprotein-Producing Gastric Cancer

α-fetoprotein (AFP)-producing gastric cancer is a rare tumor with high rates of liver metastasis and a poor prognosis. Many studies have been performed but there have been no comprehensive investigations of the clinicopathological and prognosis

Analysis of optical nonlinearity by defect states in one-dimensional photonic crystals

Enhancement of optical nonlinearity in one-dimensional photonic-crystal structures with a defect is considered theoretically. It is shown that a large enhancement can be obtained for absorption saturation and degenerate four-wave mixing efficiency as a result of large optical field amplitude of the localized photonic-defect mode at the defect layer. The figure of merit of the use of the photonic-crystal structure is derived especially for systems in which the concentration of the nonlinear optical material can be arbitrarily adjusted. Optical bistability is also predicted for optically dense samples. They can be applied in real photonic devices because of their simple structure and the large enhancement obtained

Dilated odontome in the mandibular third molar region

The dilated odontome is the most severe form of the dens invaginatus (dens in dente), which is extremely rare in the mandible, especially in the molar region. A case is reported in a 28-year-old female with an unusual ringlike radiopaque appearance of the mandibular third right molar on panoramic x-ray. CT scan findings were suggestive that the intraosseous circular radiopaque formation was a dilated odontome. The alveotomy of the "tooth" was performed, and histopathological analysis of the inner and surrounding soft tissue revealed a diagnosis consistent with a dilated odontome

Frequency-resolved optical gating with electro-optic sampling

We have demonstrated a new pulse characterization technique, cross-correlation frequency-resolved optical gating with electro-optic sampling. Sub-single-cycle mid-infrared pulses were characterized with the absolute carrier-envelope phase values by using the method