Analysis of growth patterns in purebred kambing Katjang goat and its crosses with the German fawn

The objective of this study was to investigate growth patterns of goats utilizing data from a crossbreeding program involving the exotic German Fawn (GF) and the indigenous Kambing Katjang (KK) goats. Growth curve models and growth curve parameters were compared and analyzed for different genotypes and litter types. A total of 20,393 weight–age data from 208 female goats belonging to various crossbreeding genotypes were individually fitted to four growth curve models (Brody, Bertalanffy, Gompertz and Logistic). The goodness of fit was highest in the Brody model in most cases. A comparison of R2 among genotypes showed that they were highest for KK. There were no significant differences of genotypes for estimated mature weight in the Brody model. The estimated mature weights for KK were significantly lower (P < 0.05) than for GF × KK (F1), backcrosses with 75% GF genes (BC) and F1 × F1 (F2) in the other models. The correlations between estimated mature weights and the maturing rates were lowest for BC. The genotype significantly (P < 0.01) affected the age at the constant degree of maturity (67% and 90% of mature weight) in all models. The BC genotype was the youngest at maturity and KK the oldest. All models well expressed the growth pattern of the target animals when they were older than 2.5 years of age. The results from the present study showed that the growth pattern may be altered by crossbreeding of KK with the GF breed

In vivo immunological toxicity in mice of carbon nanotubes with impurities

ArticleCarbon. 47(5):1365-1372 (2009)journal articl

Thin Ice Target for 16^{16}O(p,p') experiment

A windowless and self-supporting ice target is described. An ice sheet with a thickness of 29.7 mg/cm$^2$ cooled by liquid nitrogen was placed at the target position of a magnetic spectrometer and worked stably in the $^{16}$O$(p,p')$ experiment at $E_{p}=392$ MeV. Background-free spectra were obtained.Comment: 14 pages, 4 figures, Nucl. Instr. & Meth. A (in press

Strong Approximation of Empirical Copula Processes by Gaussian Processes

We provide the strong approximation of empirical copula processes by a Gaussian process. In addition we establish a strong approximation of the smoothed empirical copula processes and a law of iterated logarithm

On the Dominance of Trivial Knots among SAPs on a Cubic Lattice

The knotting probability is defined by the probability with which an $N$-step self-avoiding polygon (SAP) with a fixed type of knot appears in the configuration space. We evaluate these probabilities for some knot types on a simple cubic lattice. For the trivial knot, we find that the knotting probability decays much slower for the SAP on the cubic lattice than for continuum models of the SAP as a function of $N$. In particular the characteristic length of the trivial knot that corresponds to a `half-life' of the knotting probability is estimated to be $2.5 \times 10^5$ on the cubic lattice.Comment: LaTeX2e, 21 pages, 8 figur

Using Scenarios to Validate Requirements through the use of Eye-Tracking in Prototyping

Research has shown that eliciting and capturing the correct behavior of systems reduces the number of defects that a system contains. A requirements engineer will model the functions of the system to gain a comprehensive understanding of the system in question. Engineers must verify the model for correctness by either having another engineer review it or build a prototype and validate with a stakeholder. However, research has shown that this form of verification can be ineffective because looking at an existing model can be suggestive and stump the development of new ideas. This paper provides an automated technique that can be used as an unbiased review of use case scenarios. Using the prototype and a scenario, a stakeholder can be guided through the use case scenario demonstrating where they expect to find the next step while their eye movements are tracked. Analysis of the eye tracking data can be used to identify missing requirements such as interaction steps that should have alternative sequences or determining problems with the flow of actions