Power autotransformer choice for ensuring power supply of oil and gas fields

In this article the algorithm of the power autotransformer choice is offered. According to this algorithm the program for the power autotransformer choice is developed. The program can be used as an educational tool for studying of the theoretical section. Also the program can be used for the analysis of the power autotransformer operation modes for power station and substation after carrying out calculation of the operational modes on the specified objects. Composition checks of the entered data and a correctness of the autotransformer choice are provided in the program, and in all cases of a deviation from the correct decisions the relevant information is given

Algorithm and program for information processing with the filin apparatus

The reduction of spectral radiation data from space sources is described. The algorithm and program for identifying segments of information obtained from the Film telescope-spectrometer on the Salyut-4 are presented. The information segments represent suspected X-ray sources. The proposed algorithm is an algorithm of the lowest level. Following evaluation, information free of uninformative segments is subject to further processing with algorithms of a higher level. The language used is FORTRAN 4

Stopping Light on a Defect

Gap solitons are localized nonlinear coherent states which have been shown both theoretically and experimentally to propagate in periodic structures. Although theory allows for their propagation at any speed $v$, $0\le v\le c$, they have been observed in experiments at speeds of approximately 50% of $c$. It is of scientific and technological interest to trap gap solitons. We first introduce an explicit multiparameter family of periodic structures with localized defects, which support linear defect modes. These linear defect modes are shown to persist into the nonlinear regime, as {\it nonlinear defect modes}. Using mathematical analysis and numerical simulations we then investigate the capture of an incident gap soliton by these defects. The mechanism of capture of a gap soliton is resonant transfer of its energy to nonlinear defect modes. We introduce a useful bifurcation diagram from which information on the parameter regimes of gap soliton capture, reflection and transmission can be obtained by simple conservation of energy and resonant energy transfer principles.Comment: 45 pages, Submitted to Journal of the Optical Society

YV-plasty in the treatment of patients with recurrent bladder neck stenosis

Introduction. Bladder neck stenosis (BNS) is a late complication of surgical treatment for benign prostatic hyperplasia. Available methods of endoscopic correction in primary BNS have limited effectiveness, while in recurrent cases their use does not lead to satisfactory results at all. YV-plasty of the bladder neck (BN) is one of the available methods of treatment for recurrent BNS.Purpose of the study. To evaluate the treatment results of patients with recurrent BNS using endovideoscopic YV-plasty of the BN.Materials and methods. We retrospectively analyzed the treatment results of 8 patients with recurrent BNS who underwent endovideoscopic YV-plasty of the BN in the Urology Division No.1 of the St. Luke St. Petersburg Clinical Hospital from 2019 to 2021.Results. Endovideoscopic YV-plasty of the bladder neck was successfully performed in all 8 patients. The mean preoperative Qmax was 3.7 ml/s (1.8 – 5.7). At 6 months after surgery, the mean Qmax was 21.4 mL/s (16.7 – 24.1). The mean preoperative I-PSS score was 20.5 (17 – 24). The mean I-PSS score 6 months after surgery was 7.1 (5.0 – 9.0). No cases of de-novo stress urinary incontinence were registered.Conclusions. Endovideoscopic YV-plasty of the BN may be an effective and safe method of treatment of patients with recurrent BNS. However, further studies are needed to obtain long-term results

The relationship of cytokine status with left ventricular hypertrophy in patients with arterial hypertension

Aim. To study the relationship of tumor necrosis factor α and interleukin-10 levels with the presence of left ventricular hypertrophy and myocardial remodeling in patients with arterial hypertension. Metods. 156 patients with hypertension aged 40 to 75 years (mean age 55.8±7.5 years), including 57 women and 99 men were examined. All patients were divided into two groups. Group 1 included 83 patients without left ventricular hypertrophy (55.5±7.5 years), group 2 included 73 patients with left ventricular hypertrophy (56.2±7.8 years), established by echocardiographic signs. All patients in addition to the general clinical examination and biochemical studies had echocardiography and Doppler echocardiography performed, as well as measurement of the concentration of tumor necrosis factor α and interleukin-10 by solid-phase enzyme immunoassay using specialized «Cytokine-Stimulus-Best» kit (Novosibirsk, Russia). Results. The concentration of tumor necrosis factor α in patients without left ventricular hypertrophy was 8.43±1.36 pg/ml and was comparable with the concentration of this cytokine in patients with left ventricular hypertrophy (8.54±1.58 pg/ml, p >0.05). This pattern was typical for both men and women. The concentration of interleukin-10 in both groups was also comparable (15.4±3.6 pg/ml in group 1 and 14.7±3.4 pg/ml in group 2, p >0.05). However, we identified gender-specific features in the relationship of interleukin-10 with the presence of left ventricular hypertrophy in patients with hypertension. Thus, while in women the concentration of cytokine in groups with/without left ventricular hypertrophy did not differ significantly, in men without hypertrophy the level of interleukin-10 of 15.7±3.6 pg/ml, was significantly higher than the value of the same indicator in the group of men with left ventricular hypertrophy (14.8±2.9 pg/ml, p <0.025). Multivariate regression analysis showed that tumor necrosis factor α and interleukin-10 concentrations correlated to left ventricular wall thickness in patients without left ventricular hypertrophy. No such pattern was revealed for patients with hypertrophy. Conclusion. The results demonstrate the modulating role of tumor necrosis factor α and interleukin-10 in myocardial remodeling processes in arterial hypertension

Geochemical features of Sakhalin Island mud volcanoes

The study, based on a complex geochemical research, found that the composition of the most chemical elements in mud breccia from the Yuzhno-Sakhalinsky (YSMV) and Pugachevsky (PMV) mud volcanoes (Sakhalin Island), the unique phenomena of endogenous defluidization in the Hokkaido-Sakhalin fold system (alpine-type folding), are comparable to Clark (C) contents of these elements (0.8-1.2 ×C). For Na, Li, Zn andSn, the ratio between the elemental contentsand their Clarke values (Csample/Clark value) vary from 1.4 to 5.2 xC. But the increased contents of Na and Li are due to the ascending endogenous fluid revealed. Study of the mud breccia chemical composition changes in different explosive activity of YSMV under the seismic activity variationsallowed to establish that, when the mud-volcanic gryphonsare activated against the background of increase in the temperature of the water-mud mixture and the emission of spontaneous gases, the contents of a number of elements (iron, calcium, manganese, rare earth elements, etc.) are decreased. This is explained by the formation of soluble hydrocarbonate complexes. Daginskiegasgeothermal system (DGHS) trace elements depletedooze samples were compared with YSMV and PMVsamples and exposedthat thehigh ratios of Csample /Clarke values for the majority of elements do not exceed 0.6 × C.Ooze samples from DGHS having higher elemental contents than Clark contents were observed only for Cd content (2.2-3.4 ×C) and Pb (0.7-1.5 ×C). Analysis of diatom flora on the DGHS site indicates the existence of an active fluid dynamic system that drains oil and gas bearing complexes. The factors determining the "weighting" of the methane carbon isotope composition in the southern part of Sakhalin Island are the increased seismic activity of deep-seated faults, as well as the presence of intrusions (diabase) and metamorphically altered rocks.References Aliyev A.A., Guliyev I.S., Rakhmanov R.R., 2009. Catalog of eruptions of Azerbaijan mud volcanoes (1810-2007). Baku Nafta-Press, 109p. Astakhov A.S., et al., 2002. Defluitization process dynamic of the Central Sakhalin fault at seismic activization (by monitoring results of the Yuzhno-Sakhalinsky mud volcano in July - August 2001) DAN 2002, 386(2), 223-228. Decisions of operational interdepartmental regional stratigraphical meetings on the Paleogene and Neogene of east regions of Russia-Kamchatka, Koryak Upland, Sakhalin and Kuril Islands, 1998. An explanatory note to stratigraphical schemes. Responsible editor Gladenkov Y.B. Moscow GEOS, 147p. Diatomic algae of the USSR (fossil and modern), 1974. Leningrad Nauka, 1(1), 404p. Dubinin A.V., 2006. Geochemistry of rare-earth elements in the ocean. Moscow Nauka, 360p. Ershov V.V., Shakirov R.B., Obzhirov A.I., 2011. Isotope and geochemical characteristics of the Yuzhno-Sakhalinsky mud volcano free gases and their connection with regional seismicity. DAN, 440(2), 256-261. Fedorov Y.N., et al., 2012. Crude oil microelement characteristic of Vogulkinsky and Tyumen basins oil and gas area: comparison. Lithosphere, 2, 141-151. Geology of the USSR, 33. Sakhalin Island/Under the edited by Sidorenko A.V. Moscow Nedra, 1970, 464p. Grigoriev N. A., 2008. About clark content of chemical elements in the top part of continental crust. Lithosphere 1, 61-71. Thesis: 11.00.00. Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk, IMGG FEB RAS, 244p. Hasle G.R., Syvertsen E.E., 1996. Marine diatoms. Identifying Marine Phytoplankton. San Diego, Academic Press, 5-385. Horita J., 2001. Carbon isotope exchange in the system CO2-CH4 at elevated temperatures. Geochimica et Cosmochimca Acta, 65, 1907-1919. Kholodov V.N., 2002. Mud volcanoes: distribution regularities and genesis. Lithology and Mineral Resources, 3, 227-22001.41. Kopf A.J., 2002. Significance of mud volcanism. Rev. Geophys, 40(2), 2-1-2-52. Liu Chia-Chuan, et al., 2013. The geochemical characteristics of the mud liquids in the Wushanting and Hsiaokunshui Mud Volcano region in southern Taiwan: Implications of humic substances for binding and mobilization of arsenic. Journal of Geochemical Exploration, 128, 62-71. Lobodenko I.Y., 2010. Holocenic tectonic deformations (paleoseismodislocations) in zones of the Hokkaido-Sakhalin and Central Sakhalin faults. Candidate of geological and mineralogical science thesis. Moscow, 22p. Melnikov O.A., 1987. Structure and geodynamics of the Hokkaido-Sakhalin folded region. Moscow Nauka, 93p. Melnikov O.A., 2011. About dynamics and nature of Pugachevsky group the gaswaterclastic ("mud") volcanoes on Sakhalin according to visual observations and an orohydrography. Volcanology and Seismology, 6, 47-59. Melnikov O.A., Ershov V.V., Kim Chong Un, etc., 2008.  About the mud spring activity dynamic of the gaswaterclastic ("mud") volcanoes and its connection with seismicity on the example of the Yuzhno-Sakhalinsky volcano (Sakhalin Island). Pacific Geology 27(5), 25-41. Melnikov O.A., Iliev A.Y., 1989. About new manifestations of mud volcanism on Sakhalin Island. Pacific geology 3, 42-48. Milkov, A.V., 2000. Worldwide distribution of submarine mud volcanoes and associated gas hydrates. Marine Geology 167, 29-42. Oreshkin V.N., Gordeev V.V., 1983. Geochemistry of cadmium and plumbum in suspension of the rivers of Black, Azov and Caspian Sea areas. Geochemistry, 4, 603-613. Petelin V.P., 1957. Mineralogy of sand-aleurite fractions in the Sea of Okhotsk marine sediments. Proceedings of Oceanology Institute of USSR Academy of Sciences, XXII. Prasolov E.M., 1990. Isotope geochemistry and origin of natural gases. St. Petersburg: Nedra, 283p. Shakirov R.B., 2016. Gasgeochemical fields of the marginal seas on the Far Eastern Region: distribution, origin, relations to the geological structures, gashydrates and seismo-tectonics. Dissertation of Doctor of Geological and Mineralogical Sciences (Dr.Sci.). POI FEB RAS, Vladivostok 459p. (In Russian). Shakirov R.B., Syrbu N.C., Obzhirov A.I., 2012. Isotope and gas-geochemical features of methane and carbon dioxide distribution on Sakhalin Island and adjacent shelf of the Okhotsk Sea. Bulletin of KRAESC Earth Sciences, 2(20), 100-113. Shnyukov E.V., et al., 1992. Mud volcanism of the Kerch and Tamansky region. Kiev, Naukova dumka, 200p. Siryk I.M., 1968. Oil and gas content of the east slopes of the West Sakhalin mountains. Moscow: Nauka, 8-14. Sorochinskaya A.V., et al., 2008. Geochemical and mineralogical features of mud volcanoes of Sakhalin Island. Bulletin of FEB RAS, 4, 58-65. Veselov О.V., Soinov V.V., 1997. Tektonosphere geodynamics of conjaction zone of the Pacific Ocean with Eurasia. Yuzhno Sakhalinsk: IMGG FEB RAS 4, 153-176. Veselov O.V., Volgin P.F., Lutaya L.M., 2012.  Structure of the Pugachevsky mud-volcano sedimentary cover (Sakhalin Island) by geophysical modeling data. Pacific Geology, 31(6), 4-15. Vinogradov A.P., 1962. Average contents of chemical elements in the main types the igneous rocks. Geochemistry, 7, 555-571. Yakubov A.A., et al., 1980. Mud volcanism of the Soviet Union and its connection with oil-and-gas content. Baku, 165p. Zharov A.E., Mitrofanova L.I., Tuzov V.P., 2013. Stratigraphy of Cainozoic sedoiments of the Northern Sakhalin shelf. Stratigraphy, Geological correlation 21(5), 72-93

Role of portocaval shunts in development of complications after liver transplantation

Rationale. Portal blood flow is a key component in the viability of the liver transplant. Portocaval shunts formed on the background of the liver cirrhosis before transplantation can cause portal vein steal syndrome, with subsequent development of ischemic necrosis of the graft. To date, the tactics of treating patients with portal vein steal syndrome during liver transplantation has not been sufficiently developed. This paper presents a literature review and our own experience on this important, but little-studied issue. Purpose. The purpose of this research is to study the role of portocaval shunts in the development of complications after liver transplantation, based on a retrospective analysis of clinical cases. Conclusions. In liver transplantation, portocaval shunts can cause the development of portal vein steal syndrome with subsequent development of liver failure. For the diagnosis of portal vein steal syndrome, it is important to use the data obtained at all stages of liver transplantation. Surgical correction of portal vein steal syndrome can be performed during liver transplantation and in the early postoperative period. © 2022 by the authors

Фенологические наблюдения как основа формирования базы данных феноспектров древесных растений

Relevance. A study of the seasonal (phenological) phenomena and natural connections between them on the background of the relevant environmental conditions is of great scientific and practical interest. Knowledge of the dynamics of the seasonal development of woody plants helps in the selection of species and their assessment from an aesthetic and sanitary points of view, as well as in the development and implementation of measures to increase the sustainability of urban green spaces. Materials and methods. The purpose of these studies is to create a database of the dynamics of seasonal development of North American woody plants based on the results of many years of phenological monitoring (2003-2017). The 20 species and forms of North American woody introducers e of the VNIISPK arboretum genetic collection were the objects. Results. It was revealed that the growing season of woody North American plants corresponds to the climatic conditions of the forest-steppe zone of central Russia. The species with the earliest beginning of the growing season (the third decade of March) were distinguished. There were Mahonia pinnata, M. aquifolia, Betula lenta and B. lutea. On the basis of phenological calendars, phenological spectrums have been constructed. These consist of three lines (the development of leaves, shoots, flowers and fruits) with the corresponding color symbols. It has been revealed that phenospectrums vary depending on the conditions of the year. As a result, the database of 20 species and forms of North American woody plants was formed in the form of phenological spectrums against the background of registration of weather conditions in the forest-steppe zone of Russia. The database includes three options for the possible dynamics of the seasonal development of introduced North American plants. The created database allows observing, comparing, evaluating and forecasting changes in the seasonal rhythm of the studied species of introduced North American plants.Актуальность. Изучение сезонных (фенологических) явлений и закономерных связей между ними на фоне соответствующих условий среды представляет большой научный и практический интерес. Знание динамики сезонного развития древесных растений помогает при подборе видов и их оценке с эстетической и санитарно-гигиенической точек зрения, при разработке и проведении мероприятий по повышению устойчивости городских зеленых насаждений. Фенологические наблюдения за интродуцированными видами растений в новых условиях имеют важное значение и определяют их устойчивость к неблагоприятным факторам среды, способность давать полноценные плоды и семена и возможность ввода их в культуру. Материалы и методы. Объектами служили 20 видов и форм древесных интродуцентов зоны Северной Америки генетической коллекции дендрария ВНИИСПК. Цель данных исследований – создание базы данных динамики сезонного развития североамериканских древесных растений по результатам многолетнего фенологического мониторинга (2003-2017 годы). Результаты. Выявлено, что вегетационный период древесных североамериканских растений соответствует климатическим условиям лесостепной зоны Центральной России. Выделены виды с наиболее ранним началом вегетации (третья декада марта): магония перистая (Mahonia pinnata), магония падуболистная (M. aquifolia), береза вишневая (Betula lenta) и береза американская (B. lutea). На основе фенокалендарей построены феноспектры, состоящие из трех строк (развитие листьев, побегов, цветов и плодов) с использованием в них соответствующих цветовых обозначений. Выявлено, что феноспектры различаются в зависимости от условий года. В результате сформирована база данных 20 видов и форм североамериканских древесных растений в виде фенологических спектров на фоне фиксирования погодных условий в условиях лесостепной зоны России. База данных включает в себя три варианта возможной динамики сезонного развития североамериканских интродуцентов. Созданная база данных позволяет проводить наблюдение, сравнение, оценку и прогноз изменений в сезонной ритмике изученных видов североамериканских интродуцентов