Osteointegração da hidroxiapatita sintética no processo alveolar da mandíbula de cães. Aspectos clínicos e radiográficos

O artigo não apresenta resumo

Quimionucleólise cervical associada à espondilectomia ventral em cães: aspectos clínico-cirúrgicos, radiográficos e histológicos

Foram avaliados aspectos clínico-cirúrgicos, radiográficos e histológicos de discos intervertebrais cervicais caninos após quimionucleólise com quimiopapaína associada à espondilectomia ventral em 24 cães. Em todos foi realizada a espondilectomia ventral na região do disco intervertebral C2-C3 e quimionucleólises nos demais discos cervicais. Os cães foram sacrificados às 24 horas, e aos 8, 30, 60, 90 e 120 dias após aplicação da enzima para a obtenção de cortes sagitais dos discos intervertebrais tratados e das estruturas cartilaginosas e ósseas adjacentes. Nos mesmos períodos, foram realizadas radiografias para monitoração da espessura dos espaços intervertebrais. Todos toleraram bem o procedimento cirúrgico e não apresentaram alterações clínicas significativas. Na avaliação radiográfica, observou-se marcada redução dos espaços intervertebrais 24 horas após o tratamento. Do oitavo ao 90º dia após aplicação da enzima, foi verificada ausência total de espaço intervertebral na região dos discos tratados. Aos 120 dias, as espessuras dos espaços intervertebrais corresponderam, em média, a 59,1% da espessura anterior ao procedimento. Na avaliação histológica, foram observadas digestão nuclear e redução da intensidade de coloração pela safranina-O 24 horas após a quimionucleólise. A partir do 60º dia, havia material amorfo no espaço nuclear, que, aos 120 dias, tinha aparência fibrocartilaginosa. A quimionucleólise associada à espondilectomia ventral determinou a lise dos discos intervertebrais e lesões nas estruturas cartilaginosas e ósseas adjacentes, com tendência à reparação por tecido fibrocartilaginoso ao longo do tempo.The clinical-surgical, radiological, and histological aspects of chemonucleolysis with chymopapain in canine cervical intervertebral disks associated to ventral slot in 24 dogs were evaluated. The ventral slot was accomplished in the area of the intervertebral disks C2-C3 and chemonucleolysis in the other cervical disks. The dogs were clinically and radiographically monitored for up to 120 days. Each group of four animals was submitted to euthanasia with an anesthetic overdose at 24 hours, and at 8, 30, 60, 90, and 120 days after the enzyme injection for the acquisition of sagittal sections of the treated disks, as well as adjacent cartilaginous endplates and bony structures. In this study, all dogs tolerated the surgical procedure, without detectable postoperative pain or neurological deficit. In the radiographic evaluation, it was observed consistent disk space narrowing 24 hours after the procedure and total absence of space from the 8th to the 90th day of postoperative in the area of all treated disks. However, 120 days after treatment, there was an increase in disk height, corresponding on average to 59.1% of the preinjection value. In the histological evaluation, it was observed nuclear digestion and decrease of safranin-O staining intensity 24 hours after disk injection. At eight days, the nuclear content was still vacuolated, but more fibrillar. An irregularly defined mass was observed in the nuclear space on days 60th and 90th, but it seemed fibrocartilaginous tissue on day 120th. Chemonucleolysis with chymopapain associated to the ventral slot in the cervical column of dogs determined lysis of intervertebral disks, cervical instability, and lesions of cartilaginous and bone adjacent structures that tend to repair with fibrocartilaginous tissue along the time

La position de la physiologie philosophique de Diderot par rapport au Système des connaissances

Un aspect important (et moins connu) de la formation de Diderot dans le domaine des sciences naturelles ― mis à part la relation fondamentale à Maupertuis et Buffon (bien connue) ― est la dette que le philosophe tient à l’égard de ses amis et «maîtres» encyclopédistes, les médecins de Montpellier (de Ménuret à Fouquet), rédacteurs de la plupart des articles concernant la médecine et la physiologie. A l’École de Montpellier s’ajoute aussi la leçon du Dictionnaire de médecine (1745) de R. James, dont Diderot fut le traducteur, avec Eidous et Toussaint, un ouvrage qui est encore redevable du iatromécanisme de la fin du XVIIe siècle. Le but de notre communication est de vérifier quelle est la mesure de l’apport de ces sources à la constitution de la physiologie philosophique du dernier Diderot (Eléments de physiologie) et quelle a été la part prise par Diderot dans la rédaction de ces articles et de leurs désignants ― notamment les mots «Physiologie», «Médecine», «Anatomie», «Œconomie animale» ― mis en rapport avec le Système figuré des connaissances humaines. Quel place y occupe la physiologie ? et quel est son « reflet » concret dans le corps de l’Encyclopédie elle-même, dans le domaine des sciences de la vie ? La réponse à ces questions pourrait nous suggérer quelques idées à propos de la définition des désignants et de leurs origine, ce qui implique une « stratégie » d’organisation de la matière textuelle ― tacite ou explicite ― qui a guidé le travail des rédacteurs et révèle leur manière de se rapporter aux projets des éditeurs, Diderot et D’Alembert. La présente communication envisage, ensuite, de mettre en contexte l’analyse textuelle de l’Encyclopédie avec le travail d’édition critique des Eléments de physiologie qui vient de paraître chez l’éditeur Honoré Champion (Paris, 2004)

Is there a french philosophy of technology ? General introduction

International audienceThe existence of a French philosophy of technology is a matter of debate. Technology has long remained invisible in French philosophy, due to cultural circumstances and linguistic specificities. Even though a number of French philosophers have developed views and concepts about technology during the twentieth century, "philosophy of technology" has never been established as a legitimate branch of philosophy in the French academic landscape so far. This book, however, demonstrates that a community of philosophers dealing with various issues related to technology and built up on the legacy of the previous generations has emerged. In gathering scholars with quite diverse theoretical backgrounds and matters of concern, this volume outlines a coherent, albeit heterogeneous, philosophical trend. Five chief characteristics are identified in this introduction: i) a close connection between history and philosophy, with a focus on the temporalities of technology, ii) the prevalence of the anthropological approach to technology whether it be social anthropology or paleoanthropology, iii) a focus on technological objects that we characterize as a "thing turn" à la française, iv) the dignification of technoscience as a philosophical category, and v) a pervading concern with ethical issues based on the anthropological interpretation of technology and quite distinct from current trends in applied ethics