513 research outputs found
Effects of unilateral eccentric versus concentric training of nonimmobilized arm during immobilization
Introduction The present study tested the hypothesis that eccentric training (ET) of nonimmobilized arm would attenuate negative effects of immobilization and provide greater protective effects against muscle damage induced by eccentric exercise after immobilization, when compared with concentric training (CT). Methods Sedentary young men were placed to ET, CT, or control group (n = 12 per group), and their nondominant arms were immobilized for 3 wk. During the immobilization period, the ET and CT groups performed five sets of six dumbbell curl eccentric-only and concentric-only contractions, respectively, at 20%-80% of maximal voluntary isometric contraction (MVCiso) strength over six sessions. MVCiso torque, root-mean square (RMS) of electromyographic activity during MVCiso, and bicep brachii muscle cross-sectional area (CSA) were measured before and after immobilization for both arms. All participants performed 30 eccentric contractions of the elbow flexors (30EC) by the immobilized arm after the cast was removed. Several indirect muscle damage markers were measured before, immediately after, and for 5 d after 30EC. Results ET increased MVCiso (17% ยฑ 7%), RMS (24% ยฑ 8%), and CSA (9% ยฑ 2%) greater (P \u3c 0.05) than CT (6% ยฑ 4%, 9% ยฑ 4%, 3% ยฑ 2%) for the trained arm. The control group showed decreases in MVCiso (-17% ยฑ 2%), RMS (-26% ยฑ 6%), and CSA (-12% ยฑ 3%) for the immobilized arm, but these changes were attenuated greater (P \u3c 0.05) by ET (3% ยฑ 3%, -0.1% ยฑ 2%, 0.1% ยฑ 0.3%) than CT (-4% ยฑ 2%, -4% ยฑ 2%, -1.3% ยฑ 0.4%). Changes in all muscle damage markers after 30EC were smaller (P \u3c 0.05) for the ET and CT than the control group, and ET than the CT group (e.g., peak plasma creatine kinase activity: ET, 860 ยฑ 688 IU L-1; CT, 2390 ยฑ 1104 IU L-1; control, 7819 ยฑ 4011 IU L-1). Conclusions These results showed that ET of the nonimmobilized arm was effective for eliminating the negative effects of immobilization and attenuating eccentric exercise-induced muscle damage after immobilization
Microstructural differences in white matter tracts across middle to late adulthood : a diffusion MRI study on 7167 UK Biobank participants
Acknowledgements This research was approved by the UK Biobank (application number: 24089) and was supported by the Roland Sutton Academic Trust (grant number: 0039/R/16) and Taiwan National Health Research Institute (NHRI-EX109-10928NI). We acknowledge the valuable contributions of members of the UK Biobank Imaging Working Group and the UK Biobank coordinating center. The UK Biobank (including the imaging enhancement) was supported by the UK Medical Research Council and the Wellcome Trust. The authors are grateful for the provision of simultaneous multislice (multiband) pulse sequence and reconstruction algorithms by the Center for Magnetic Resonance Research, University of Minnesota. Finally, the authors are extremely grateful to all UK Biobank study participants, who have generously donated their time to make this resource possible. This article was edited by Wallace Academic Editing.Peer reviewedPostprin
Overview of the Reporting Sources of Developmentallydelayed Children in Taiwan Between 2011 and 2012
Early Intervention (EI) services, as defined in
The Bye-laws of Children and Youth Welfare Law,
provided for 1.2 % of the nationโs infants, toddlers
and preschool children between 2011 and 2012;
however, the proportion was higher in some
counties or cities and lower in others. In order
to elucidate factors that may influence reporting
rates, we analyzed the reporting sources from
23 counties/cities between 2011 and 2012. We
analyzed registry data of newly reported cases
between 2011 and 2012, published by the
Department of Statistics, Ministry of Interior of
Taiwan. The reporting sources were categorized
into eight types, and the percentage of cases
reported by each source was calculated. The
statistical relationship between these variables
and the reporting rates were analyzed with
suitable methods. P value < 0.05 was regarded as
statistically significant. The estimated 2-year average
reporting rate of new cases was 11.97โฐ. The
reporting rate was significantly higher among
children living in counties compared with children
living in cities (P = 0.0007). The reporting rate was
also significantly higher among children living in
low urbanized areas as compared with children
living in highly urbanized areas (P = 0.0067). The
proportion of medical organization reported
cases was the highest of all the reporting sources
(39.99%). Higher reporting rates from householders,
guardians and health centers positively affected
the total reporting rates (P = 0.0499 and P=0.0151,
respectively).
In conclusion our study shows that many
sources contribute to the notification of children at
risk or with developmental delay, with implications
for regular surveillance and screening children
development by people involved with them.
Incorporating more efficient developmental
screening tools, including parent-concerned based
screening questionnaires during health screening,
with additional staff to do the screening, may
increase the proportion of children with possible
developmental delay being notified
Study of CP violation in D->VV decay at BESIII
In this paper, we intend to study the problem of CP violation in meson by
decay mode in which the T violating triple-product correlation is
examined. That would undoubtedly be another excellent probe of New Physics
beyond Standard Model. For the neutral , we focus on direct CP violation
without considering oscillation. Experimentally, by a full
angular analysis one may obtain such CP violating signals, and particularly it
is worth mentioning that the upcoming large data samples at BES-III in
Beijing will provide a great opportunity to perform it.Comment: 5 pages, 2 tables and 1 figure, version to appear in Phys. Lett.
Investigation of a Photoelectrochemical Passivated ZnO-Based Glucose Biosensor
A vapor cooling condensation system was used to deposit high quality intrinsic ZnO thin films and intrinsic ZnO nanorods as the sensing membrane of extended-gate field-effect-transistor (EGFET) glucose biosensors. The sensing sensitivity of the resulting glucose biosensors operated in the linear range was 13.4 ฮผA mMโ1 cmโ2. To improve the sensing sensitivity of the ZnO-based glucose biosensors, the photoelectrochemical method was utilized to passivate the sidewall surfaces of the ZnO nanorods. The sensing sensitivity of the ZnO-based glucose biosensors with passivated ZnO nanorods was significantly improved to 20.33 ฮผA mMโ1 cmโ2 under the same measurement conditions. The experimental results verified that the sensing sensitivity improvement was the result of the mitigation of the Fermi level pinning effect caused by the dangling bonds and the surface states induced on the sidewall surface of the ZnO nanorods
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Trial sequential analysis and updated meta-analysis of fluvoxamine on clinical deterioration in adult patients with symptomatic COVID-19 infection
Preliminary meta-analyses suggested that fluvoxamine was effective in treating COVID-19 infection. However, the reliability of this evidence has not yet been examined. MEDLINE, CENTRAL, EMBASE, PsycINFO, and ClinicalTrials.gov were searched to identify any randomized controlled trials (RCTs) from the inception of the databases to 5 February 2023. We used trial sequential analysis (TSA) to examine the reliability of the current existing evidence on the benefits of fluvoxamine on COVID-19 infection. The primary outcome was clinical deterioration, as defined in the original study (reported as odds ratio (OR), with 95% confidence intervals), and the secondary outcome was hospitalization. In the TSA, we used the relative risk reduction thresholds of 10, 20, and 30%. The updated meta-analysis of the five RCTs showed that fluvoxamine was not associated with lower odds of clinical deterioration when compared with a placebo (OR: 0.81; 0.59โ1.11). The effect of fluvoxamine lay within the futility boundary (i.e., lack of effect) when using a 30% relative risk reduction threshold. The effect estimates lay between the superiority and futility boundary using the 10% and 20% threshold, and the required size of information was not reached for these two thresholds. The effect of fluvoxamine on the odds of hospitalization was not statistically significant (0.76; 0.56โ1.03). In conclusion, there is no reliable evidence that fluvoxamine, when compared to a placebo, reduces the relative risk of clinical deterioration among adult patients with COVID-19 infection by 30%, and a relative risk reduction of 20% or 10% is still uncertain. The role of fluvoxamine as a COVID-19 treatment cannot be justified
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Variability and efficacy in treatment effects on manic symptoms with lithium, anticonvulsants, and antipsychotics in acute bipolar mania: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Background: Acute mania is a psychiatric emergency requiring rapid management. However, randomised controlled trials (RCTs) have shown considerable individual differences in treatment effects on manic symptoms with antimanic drugs.
Methods: We searched the MEDLINE, CENTRAL, EMBASE, PsycINFO, and ClinicalTrials.gov to identify RCTs without language restrictions from inception to April 19, 2022. We included double-blind RCTs of oral antimanic monotherapy versus placebo in adult patients. The primary outcome was variability in improvement of manic symptoms (assessed using the coefficient of variation ratio [CVR]). The secondary outcomes were overall improvement of manic symptoms and acceptability (i.e., discontinuation for any reason). The pooled effects of outcomes were calculated by random-effects meta-analyses using restricted maximum likelihood methods. The quality of the included studies was assessed using the Cochrane Risk of Bias (ROB) Assessment Tool. This study was registered with OSF (DOI:10.17605/OSF.IO/G4JNY).
Findings: We included 39 RCTs (N=12150; mean age=39ยท9 years, interquartile range [IQR]=38ยท7-41ยท1; mean proportion of female=48ยท6%, IQR=42ยท3%-52ยท3%) and investigated 14 antimanic drugs. We found that eight antimanic drugs compared to placebo were associated with lower CVRs (95% confidence interval [CI]; I2), including risperidone (0ยท51; 0ยท37-0ยท70; 0%), haloperidol (0ยท54; 0ยท44-0ยท67; 4%), olanzapine (0ยท59; 0ยท44-0ยท79; 47%), ziprasidone (0ยท61; 0ยท53-0ยท71; 0%), lithium (0ยท63; 0ยท52-0ยท76; 0%), quetiapine (0ยท65; 0ยท48-0ยท87; 2%), aripiprazole (0ยท68; 0ยท56-0ยท84; 25%), and cariprazine (0ยท70; 0ยท49-0ยท99; 28%). There were nine antimanic drugs associated with greater efficacy than placebo, including risperidone (reported as standardised mean difference; 95% CI; I2: 0ยท64; 0ยท31-0ยท97; 15%), haloperidol (0ยท57; 0ยท29-0ยท85; 64%), cariprazine (0ยท51; 0ยท24-0ยท78; 0%), olanzapine (0ยท44; 0ยท30-0ยท58; 0%), lithium (0ยท42; 0ยท29-0ยท55; 0%), ziprasidone (0ยท42; 0ยท26-0ยท58; 0%), quetiapine (0ยท40; 0ยท13-0ยท67; 0%), asenapine (0ยท40; 0ยท13-0ยท67; 0%), and aripiprazole (0ยท32; 0ยท14-0ยท49; 53%). Ziprasidone (reported as risk ratio; 95% CI; I2: 0ยท83; 0ยท79-0ยท89; 0%) and olanzapine (0ยท63; 0ยท49-0ยท80; 35%) were associated with better acceptability relative to placebo. Among the 39 RCTs, none had a high ROB.
Interpretation: We demonstrated that eight antimanic drugs were associated with lower variability and better efficacy than placebo, suggesting that these antimanic drugs were associated with more homogenous and predictable improvements of manic symptoms in patients with acute mania
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