Error Propagation Concepts Including Flight Dynamics for Total System Performance Analysis During GBAS based Initial CAT-III Approach and Landing

In order to assess the integrity risk for GBAS based automatic approach and landing, we investigated a total performance concept of a combined system consisting of an ILS look-a-like GBAS landing system (GLS) and a DeHavilland Dash-2 Beaver aircraft. We propagated four basic pseudorange errors to a position error distribution, which was then the source of position uncertainties for the GLS installed in the aircraft. Results show that the vertical total system error (TSE) in the steady state final approach lags behind the vertical navigation system error (NSE). The TSE is smoothed and preserves the general temporal sequence of the error. A reduction of 30\% of the TSE standard deviation with respect to the NSE only occurs during a period of glide slope overshoot, where the autopilot uses large and steadily declining elevator deflections to return to the desired glide path. With minor adaptations this concept can be refined and a possible error reduction may be achieved

Does Pre-trade Transparency Affect Market Quality in the Tokyo Stock Exchange?

This paper presents an examination of the relation between pre-trade transparency and market quality in the Tokyo Stock Exchange (TSE). Mixed evidence related to this relation has been reported worldwide. We analyzed this relation using a discrete change of disclosure policy in the 2000s. A positive relation pertains between pre-trade transparency and market quality. This result implies that the change of disclosure policy on the TSE might be effective for market quality improvement to some extent.Pre-trade transparency; Market quality; Quote Disclosure

EXPERIMENTAL DEMONSTRATION OF THE TIMEIRREVERSIBLE THERMAL EVOLUTION PROCESS AND SOME OF ITS CONSEQUENCES

Using a recently developed technique of synchronous differential temperature measurements (Titov & Malinovsky 2005), the existence of the thermal surface energy (TSE) and of thermal hysteresis effect has been demonstrated in metallic gauge blocks (GB). The TSE (described here) is observed if there are inputs of energy and momentum of external electromagnetic (EM) field to material artefact and the heat source is not symmetrically located relative to the artefact surface. The TSE, linearly related to the Poynting vector of the EM field, presents the energy of the oriented motion of the coupled field-particles system inside artifacts. The TSE results in a thermal hysteresis effect, which is irreversible in time and has no symmetry in space. As the principle of superposition is shown not to be valid for EM fields in case of TSE, the hysteresis loop for the continuous sweep in time converts into a spiral, in which the form and the magnitude of the each cycle are slightly different from the ones of the adjacent cycles. In confirmation of the preceding theoretical result (Stroud et al 1972), the number of influence parameters in case of the field-particle system is found to be absolutely enormous, so that the thermal evolution process has, practically, infinite number of the existence and manifestation modes. Our studies present also an experimental confirmation of the basic results of the series of theoretical papers, initiated by R. H. Dicke (1954), in which the interaction of the ensemble of atoms with the electromagnetic field is analyzed

Coding against Spreading Gain Optimization of Nonbinary BCH Coded CDMA System

The joint analytical optimisation of the spreading gain and coding gain of nonbinary BCH coded CDMA communication systems is considered in both single-cell and multi-cell scenarios. Furthermore, two types of detectors were employed, namely the minimum mean square error multiuser detector and the classic single-user matched filter detector. It is shown that the optimum coding rate varied over a wide range

The twin-screw extruder, a continuous liquid/solid extractor and separator during sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) biorefinery

Biorefinery of sunflower whole plant can be conducted with water using a nine modules Clextral Evolum HT 53 twin-screw extruder (TSE). Aqueous extraction of oil is an environmentally cleaner alternative technology to solvent extraction. TSE carries out three unit operations: conditioning and grinding, liquid/solid (L/S) extraction and L/S separation. The compressing action by the reverse screws (CF2C) is essential for L/S separation. Positioned in module 9, CF2C screws push part of the mixture upstream against the general movement in TSE, and this counter pressure ensures the L/S separation efficiency above the metal filter, located in eighth position. Oil is extracted in the form of two emulsions, stabilized by phospholipids and proteins, and usable as co-emulsifiers in cosmetic industry. An aqueous extract containing water-soluble components from whole plant is also generated; it could be recycled. As a mixture of fibers and proteins, the cake can be moulded by thermo-pressing into boards, usable in the furniture and building industries. In this study, fractionation was conducted from next inlet flow rates: 54 kg/h solid and 183 kg/h water (3.4 L/S ratio). The screw speed varied from 249 to 124 rpm, corresponding to a filling coefficient (ratio of the solid inlet flow rate to the screw speed) from 217 to 436 g/h rpm. The filling coefficient directly affects the L/S separation efficiency. The latter can be estimated from next experimental data: the outlet flow rates of both cake and filtrate, the cake moisture content, the residual contents of oil and water-soluble components in the cake, and the extraction yields in dry matter, lipids and water-soluble components. For low filling coefficients (i.e. high screw speed), the L/S mixture compression in CF2C screws is insufficient, not allowing a satisfactory L/S separation. Conversely, for high filling coefficients (i.e. low screw speed), solid particles accumulate more upstream from the pressing zone, obstructing part of the filtering screens and thus reducing the filtration surface. A less efficient L/S separation is then observed. From the experimental data evolution, optimal screw speed was estimated at 182 rpm using a second order polynomial regression, corresponding to a filling coefficient of 297 g/h rpm. Extraction yields in dry matter, lipids and water-soluble components were 22%, 49% and 40%, respectively. Such filling would lead to a specific mechanical energy of 103 W/h kg whole plant processed