Are late-night eating habits and sleep duration associated with glycemic control in adult type 1 diabetes patients treated with insulin pumps?

AIMS/INTRODUCTION: Little is known about the impact of sleep duration and late-night snacking on glycemic control in patients with type 1 diabetes using insulin pumps. The aim of the present study was to examine whether late-night eating habits and short sleep duration are associated with glycemic control in continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion-treated type 1 diabetic patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We included 148 consecutive adult type 1 diabetic subjects using an insulin pump (100 women and 48 men). Participants completed a questionnaire regarding sleep duration (classified as short if ≤6 h) and late-night snacking. Other sources of information included medical records and data from blood glucose meters. Glycemic control was assessed by glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) levels and mean self-monitoring of blood glucose (SMBG) readings. RESULTS: The mean age of patients was 26 years, mean type 1 diabetes duration was 13.4 years and mean HbA1c level was 7.2%. In a univariate regression analysis, sleep duration was a predictor of both HbA1c (β = 0.51, P = 0.01) and SMBG levels (β = 11.4, P = 0.02). Additionally, an association was found between frequent late-night snacking and higher SMBG readings (often snacking β = 18.1, P = 0.05), but not with increased HbA1c levels. In the multivariate linear regression, independent predictors for HbA1c and SMBG were sleep duration and patient age. In a univariate logistic regression, sleep duration and frequency of late-night snacking were not predictors of whether HbA1c target levels were achieved. CONCLUSIONS: Short sleep duration, but not late-night snacking, seems to be associated with poorer glycemic control in type 1 diabetic patients treated with continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion

Risk of macrosomia remains glucose-dependent in a cohort of women with pregestational type 1 diabetes and good glycemic control

Macrosomia risk remains high in type 1 diabetes (T1DM) complicated pregnancies. A linear relationship between macrosomia risk and glycated hemoglobin A(1c) (HbA(1c)) was described; however, low range of HbA(1c) has not been studied. We aimed to identify risk factors and examine the impact of HbA(1c) on the occurrence of macrosomia in newborns of T1DM women from a cohort with good glycemic control. In this observational retrospective one-center study we analyzed records of 510 consecutive T1DM pregnancies (1998–2012). The analyzed group consisted of 375 term singleton pregnancies. We used multiple regression models to examine the impact of HbA(1c) and self-monitored glucose in each trimester on the risk of macrosomia and birth weight. The median age of T1DM women was 28 years, median T1DM duration—11 years, median pregestational BMI—23.3 kg/m(2). Median birth weight reached 3520 g (1st and 3rd quartiles 3150 and 3960, respectively) at median 39 weeks of gestation. There were 85 (22.7 %) macrosomic (>4000 g) newborns. Median HbA(1c) levels in the 1st, 2nd, and 3rd trimester were 6.4, 5.7, and 5.6 %. Third trimester HbA(1c), mean fasting self-monitored glucose and maternal age were independent predictors of birth weight and macrosomia. There was a linear relationship between 3rd trimester HbA(1c) and macrosomia risk in HbA(1c) range from 4.5 to 7.0 %. Macrosomia in children of T1DM mothers was common despite excellent metabolic control. Glycemia during the 3rd trimester was predominantly responsible for this condition

Qualitative parameters of the colonic flora in Patients with HNF1A-MODY are different from those observed in type 2 diabetes mellitus

Background. Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is determined by genetic and environmental factors. There have been many studies on the relationship between the composition of the gastrointestinal bacterial flora, T2DM, and obesity. There are no data, however, on the gut microbiome structure in monogenic forms of the disease including Maturity Onset Diabetes of the Young (MODY). Methods. The aim of the investigation was to compare the qualitative parameters of the colonic flora in patients with HNF1A-MODY and T2DM and healthy individuals. 16S sequencing of bacterial DNA isolated from the collected fecal samples using the MiSeq platform was performed. Results. There were significant between-group differences in the bacterial profile. At the phylum level, the amount of Proteobacteria was higher (p=0.0006) and the amount of Bacteroidetes was lower (p=0.0005) in T2DM group in comparison to the control group. In HNF1A-MODY group, the frequency of Bacteroidetes was lower than in the control group (p=0.0143). At the order level, Turicibacterales was more abundant in HNF1A-MODY group than in T2DM group. Conclusions. It appears that there are differences in the gut microbiome composition between patients with HNF1A-MODY and type 2 diabetes. Further investigation on this matter should be conducted

Acute Toxicity, Teratogenic, and Estrogenic Effects of Bisphenol A and Its Alternative Replacements Bisphenol S, Bisphenol F, and Bisphenol AF in Zebrafish Embryo-Larvae

International audienceBisphenol A (BPA), a chemical incorporated into plastics and resins, has estrogenic activity and is associated with adverse health effects in humans and wildlife. Similarly structured BPA analogues are widely used but far less is known about their potential toxicity or estrogenic activity in vivo. We undertook the first comprehensive analysis on the toxicity and teratogenic effects of the bisphenols BPA, BPS, BPF, and BPAF in zebrafish embryo-larvae and an assessment on their estrogenic mechanisms in an estrogen-responsive transgenic fish Tg(EREGal4ff)(UASGFP). The rank order for toxicity was BPAF > BPA > BPF > BPS. Developmental deformities for larval exposures included cardiac edema, spinal malformation, and craniofacial deformities and there were distinct differences in the effects and potencies between the different bisphenol chemicals. These effects, however, occurred only at concentrations between 1.0 and 200 mg/L which exceed those in most environments. All bisphenol compounds induced estrogenic responses in Tg(EREGal4ff)(UASGFP) zebrafish that were inhibited by coexposure with ICI 182 780, demonstrating an estrogen receptor dependent mechanism. Target tissues included the heart, liver, somite muscle, fins, and corpuscles of Stannius. The rank order for estrogenicity was BPAF > BPA = BPF > BPS. Bioconcentration factors were 4.5, 17.8, 5.3, and 0.067 for exposure concentrations of 1.0, 1.0, 0.10, and 50 mg/L for BPA, BPF, BPAF, and BPS, respectively. We thus show that these BPA alternatives induce similar toxic and estrogenic effects to BPA and that BPAF is more potent than BPA, further highlighting health concerns regarding the use of BPA alternatives

Kolumnowa chromatografia cieczowa w rozdzielaniu i analizie peptydów i białek

Szybka ekspansja zastosowa peptydów i białek w biochemii i w medycynie, stymuluje ogromny wzrost zainteresowania metodami rozdzielania peptydów. Elektroforeza żelowa i kapilarna to najczęciej dotychczas wykorzystywane metody rozdzielania peptydów i białek, w celach identyfikacyjnych i analitycznych. Metody te nie są jednak przydatne do otrzymywania użytkowych ilości tych substancji. Obecnie HPLC jest najistotniejszą metodą oczyszczania i otrzymywania peptydów i białek. Ponadto techniki HPLC znajdują coraz większe zastosowanie w rozwijającej się proteomice. W pracy dokonano przeglądu najważniejszych technik chromatografii cieczowej, metod oraz procedur stosowanych do rozdzielania peptydów i białek jak również obecnych trendów w tym obszarze