WYBRANE ASPEKTY TECHNICZNO-EKONOMICZNE LOKALIZACJI FARM WIATROWYCH

The paper presents a summary technical and economic analysis of the placement of planned wind turbines. Particular attention was paid to the spatial location and tedious for the public results of wind turbines work, selected economic aspects and the need for monitoring of wind conditions before choosing a location, but also state and current yields using the SCADA system. Draw attention to problems noted should be a sufficient starting point for effective implementation of the investment.W pracy przedstawiono skróconą analizę techniczno-ekonomiczną rozmieszczenia planowanych siłowni wiatrowych. Szczególną uwagę zwrócono na umiejscowienie przestrzenne, uciążliwe dla społeczeństwa efekty pracy wiatraków, wybrane aspekty ekonomiczne oraz potrzebę monitorowania warunków wietrzności przed wyborem lokalizacji, ale również stanu i bieżących uzysków z wykorzystaniem systemu SCADA. Zwrócenie uwagi na wskazane problemy powinno być wystarczającym punktem wyjścia do skutecznej realizacji inwestycji

Optimization of a PV-Wind Hybrid Power Supply Structure with Electrochemical Storage Intended for Supplying a Load with Known Characteristics

An important aspect of the off-grid utilization of hybrid generation systems is the integration of energy storage facilities into their structures, which allows for improved power supply reliability. However, this results in a significant increase in the cost of such systems. Therefore, it is justified to use optimization resulting in the minimization of the selected economic indicator taking into account the most important technical constraints. For this reason, this work proposes an algorithm to optimize the structure of a hybrid off-grid power distribution system (with electrochemical energy storage), designed to supply a load with known daily energy demand. The authors recommend genetic algorithm utilization as well as a modified criterion for evaluating the quality of solutions based on the Levelized Cost of Energy (LCOE) index. Several technical and economic analyses were presented, including unit costs, power distribution of the wind and solar sections, nominal battery capacity, SSSI index (System Self-Sufficiency Index), etc. The model of the system includes durability of the elements which have a significant impact on the periodic battery replacement. The tests were carried out for two types of loads and two types of electrochemical batteries (NMC-Lithium Nickel Manganese Cobalt Oxide; and PbO2-Lead-Acid Battery), taking into account the forecast of an increased lifetime of NMC type batteries and decreasing their price within five years. The proposed synthesis method of photovoltaic-wind (PV-wind) hybrid off-line systems leads to limiting the energy capacity of electrochemical storages. Based on the analyses, the authors proposed recommended methods to improve (reduce) the value of the criterion index (LCOE) for PV-wind off-grid systems while maintaining the assumed level of power supply reliability.Fil: Kasprzyk, Leszek. Poznań University of Technology; PoloniaFil: Tomczewski, Andrzej. Poznań University of Technology; PoloniaFil: Pietracho, Robert. Poznań University of Technology; PoloniaFil: Nadolny, Zbigniew. Poznań University of Technology; PoloniaFil: Mielcarek, Agata. Poznań University of Technology; PoloniaFil: Tomczewski, Krzysztof. Opole University of Technology; PoloniaFil: Trzmiel, Grzegorz. Poznań University of Technology; PoloniaFil: Alemany, Juan Manuel. Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto. Facultad de Ingeniería. Departamento de Electricidad y Electrónica. Instituto de Protecciones de Sistemas Eléctricos de Potencia; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Córdoba; Argentin

Analysis and prospects of the development of the global photovoltaic market

The article presents the development trends of the production and use of photovoltaic materials, tendencies that have been observed for more than ten years. Special attention is paid to the analysis of installed capacities, uses, and the technology of production. The economic benefits which have been recorded in the European market are also mentioned

Analyzing the method of determining the energy output of photovoltaic roof tiles

The paper presents a mathematical method of determining the energy output of photovoltaics roof tiles on the basis of generally available data. The results obtained were compared with the ones generated by a program sponsored by the European Commission

The use of a multidimensional approximation in determining a model of a photovoltaic cell

The paper includes a proposal of formulating a model of a photovoltaic cell based on measurement datafiles obtained during faultless operation of the considered cell. The authors determine the coefficients describing faultless operation of the tested cell with the use of an application. In order to achieve possibly the best results the multidimensional mean-square point approximation has been chosen. The paper presents a short characterization of the approximation, its practical use in the considered problem, and the obtained results

Selected technical protection systems for electrical power stations

W pracy przedstawiono specyfikacje poszczególnych elementów systemów ochrony technicznej będących zabezpieczeniami stacji elektroenergetycznej, a także zaproponowano koncepcję systemu zabezpieczeń. Opisano również sposoby integracji realizowanych systemów na stacjach elektroenergetycznych. Przedstawiono skrótowo metodologię doboru podstawowych parametrów niezbędnych do użytkowania systemów.The paper presents specifications of individual elements of technical protection systems that are power station protections, and also proposes a concept of a security system. Methods of integration of implemented systems at power stations were also described. The methodology for selecting the basic parameters necessary to use the systems is briefly presented

The model of photovoltaic cell with consideration of load variability

The paper proposes designing of a model of photovoltaic cell operation in real conditions. The method of residua estimation is applied, modified according to verification of the obtained models. The choice of the optimal model is a final effect of the article

Identification of photovoltaic matrix in real time

This paper describes the adaptation of the modified method of opinion the residuums in identification of state the photovoltaic cell. It was introduced the “window classifier" of conditions of work the tested the photovoltaic matrix as well as define the liminal coefficient of efficiency. Comparison got residuum with acceptable coefficient allow on effective opinion of state photo-cell in real time

The control and visualisation system in an intelligent building

This publication contains the description of the design of PLC-based comfort control system, interoperating with the safety system, whereby the said interoperation is subject to the master control and visualisation that uses the SCADA software. The introduction presents the description of the respective elements integrated into one system. Further on, the paper includes design assumptions and the principle of operation of the comfort control system. The article ends with conclusions

The use of the EMG signal for the arm model control

The article presents the design of the control system and prototype of a robot arm controlled by electromyographic (EMG) signals. It includes the characteristics and method of measurement of the EMG signals, the concept of application of the measured signals to control the model of a human hand and the description of the control system. The design of a device including the specification of the used sub-assemblies was developed. As well as this, the physical object and various options for its application were presented