13 research outputs found
Endoscopic treatment of patients with early forms of gastric cancer
Leningrad regional oncological dispensary, Russia, Al XIII-lea Congres al AsociaÈiei Chirurgilor âNicolae Anestiadiâ Èi
al III-lea Congres al SocietÄÈii de Endoscopie, Chirurgie miniminvazivÄ Èi Ultrasonografie âV.M.GuÈuâ din Republica MoldovaBackground: Currently, most patients with gastric tumors are detected in late stages. Early diagnosis is a major factor in improving
treatment outcomes. On the other hand, patients who are diagnosed on early stages often receive aggressive treatment and are not
subjects to less invasive interventions.
Material and Methods: In our clinic we have been using endoscopic surgery for early gastric cancer since 2009. Japanese colleagues
are the most experienced in this kind of treatment that is why we follow the recommendations of Japanese Gastric Cancer Association
(JGCA). The main criterion provided that endoscopic removal is possible is the depth of tumor invasion. We evaluate the depth of
invasion primarily by endoscopic ultrasonography. According to our data the accuracy of this method is 94%. The main operation used
for the treatment of early gastric cancer is endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD). Its main advantages are single block resection
within healthy tissues and adequate morphological assessment of the removed tumor. In the last ten years we have performed 148
ESD (145 patients) for early forms of gastric cancer. Surgeries were radical in 95% of cases.
Results:There were no cases of postoperative mortality. Progression of the disease was noted only in one patient. These endoscopic
surgeries have proved to be effective, safe and reasonable in treating early gastric cancer.
Conclusions: Thus, endoscopic surgery significantly reduces the cost of treatment and hospital stay (average - 3.7 days), facilitates
rehabilitation and improves the quality of patientsâ life
Ocrelizumab versus Interferon Beta-1a in Relapsing Multiple Sclerosis
Supported by F. HoffmannâLa Roche
Family case of multiple sclerosis in Perm Region
The etiology of multiple sclerosis (MS) is not known still. Family cases of MS could prove the genetic predisposition for this disease. We describe here rare for Perm Region family history with three cases of MS in one generation which are characterized by significant clinical polymorphism
New Cr-Ni-Base Alloy for High-Temperature Applications Designed on the Basis of First Principles Calculations
We use ab initio calculations to analyze the influence of 4d and 5d transition metal alloying elements on cohesive properties of the bulk and a representative grain boundary in Cr within the framework of the RiceâThomsonâWang approach. The results obtained for Cr are combined with the analogous results for Ni to select Ta and Nb as promising alloying additions to dual-phase (α/Îł) Cr-Ni-base high-temperature alloys. Ta and Nb are added to the alloying system of an existing alloy I (Cr-Ni-W-V-Ti) in an attempt to design a chemical composition of a new alloy II (Cr-Ni-W-V-Ti) + (Ta-Nb). Investigation of the microstructure of the Ta-bearing Cr-Ni-alloy reveals a Ta enrichment of large Îł-areas near GBs in α-matrix that we consider as potency to increase the cohesive strength of GBs and the cohesive energy of the bulk in Îł-phase. Mechanical testing of alloys I and II demonstrates that the alloy II has improved tensile strength and creep resistance at high temperatures
Crohnâs disease with isolated gastric involvement as an example of a rare disease phenotype: a clinical case
Crohn's disease (CD), along with ulcerative colitis, is one of the predominant nosological forms of inflammatory bowel diseases. In CD, any part of the gastrointestinal tract can be affected; however, the process is commonly associated with terminal ileum or colon involvement. CD cases with isolated or mixed involvement of upper gastrointestinal tract (esophagus, stomach, and duodenum) are rare and least studied types of the disease. In isolated stomach involvement, the complaints are non-specific and include epigastric pain, gastric dyspepsia, early satiety, decreased appetite, and nausea. Isolated CD of upper gastrointestinal tract can be diagnosed after comprehensive work-up and always requires a high diagnostic level, including clinical, endoscopic and morphological one. We present a clinical case of CD with isolated stomach involvement in a 62-year-old woman. The diagnosis was confirmed by the histopathological findings of an epithelioid cell granuloma in the gastric antrum. Treatment with systemic corticosteroids reduced the disease clinical activity and improved the histological characteristics of the gastric biopsy sampled obtained by endoscopy. In this clinical case, there were specific macroscopic gastric lesions found at endoscopy in CD patients with upper gastrointestinal tract involvement, which is characterized by thickened longitudinal folding and linear grooves. This type of lesion has been described in the literature as âbamboo joint-like appearanceâ.Conclusion: Comprehensive assessment of clinical manifestations, endoscopic and histopathological specific features is crucial for the timely diagnosis and treatment of inflammatory bowel diseases