5 research outputs found
Structural dissection of human translation elongation factor 1BΞ³ (eEF1BΞ³): expression of full-length protein and its truncated forms
Aim. To gain more insights into properties of the human translation elongation factor eEF1BΞ³ and its interaction with partners we intended to produce the full-length protein and its truncated forms. Methods. cDNAs encoding truncated forms of eEF1BΞ³ were generated by PCR amplification with respective primers and cloned into vectors providing polyhistidine, glutathione S-transferase or maltose binding protein tags. The recombinant proteins were expressed in Escherichia coli and purified by affinity chromatography. An aggregation state of the proteins was analyzed by analytical gel filtration. Results. The expression, purification and storage conditions for the full-length recombinant His-eEF1BΞ³ were optimized. Several truncated forms of eEF1BΞ³ were also expressed and purified to homogeneity. Two short variants of C-terminal domain comprising amino acids 263β437 or 228β437 were obtained in monomeric state. Two short variants of N-terminal domain comprising amino acids 1β33 or 1β230, fused with glutathione S-transferase, were obtained and estimated to be dimers by gel filtration. The mutants of N-terminal domain comprising amino acids 1β93 or 1β165, fused with maltose binding protein, were obtained as soluble high molecular weight aggregates only. Conclusions. The purified recombinant His-eEF1BΞ³ and several truncated forms of the protein were obtained and characterized. These protein variants will be used for further studies on the protein-protein interaction.ΠΠ΅ΡΠ°. ΠΠ»Ρ Π΄Π΅ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π²ΠΈΠ²ΡΠ΅Π½Π½Ρ Π²Π»Π°ΡΡΠΈΠ²ΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΎΡΠ° Π΅Π»ΠΎΠ½Π³Π°ΡΡΡ ΡΡΠ°Π½ΡΠ»ΡΡΡΡ eEF1BΞ³ Π»ΡΠ΄ΠΈΠ½ΠΈ Ρ ΠΉΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π²Π·Π°ΡΠΌΠΎΠ΄ΡΡ Π· ΠΏΠ°ΡΡΠ½Π΅ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈ ΠΎΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΡΠ·ΡΠ²Π°ΡΠΈ Π΅ΠΊΡΠΏΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΠΊΠΠΠ ΠΏΠΎΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΠΎΠ·ΠΌΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π±ΡΠ»ΠΊΠ° ΡΠ° ΠΉΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π²ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ
ΡΠΎΡΠΌ. ΠΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΈ. ΠΊΠΠΠ, ΡΠΊΡ ΠΊΠΎΠ΄ΡΡΡΡ Π²ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΠ΅Π½Ρ ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠΈ eEF1BΞ³, ΡΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅Π·ΡΠ²Π°Π»ΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠΌ ΠΠΠ -Π°ΠΌΠΏΠ»ΡΡΡΠΊΠ°ΡΡΡ Π· Π²ΡΠ΄ΠΏΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΄Π½ΠΈΠΌΠΈ ΠΏΡΠ°ΠΉΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈ Ρ ΠΊΠ»ΠΎΠ½ΡΠ²Π°Π»ΠΈ Ρ Π²Π΅ΠΊΡΠΎΡΠΈ, ΡΠΎ ΠΌΡΡΡΡΡΡ ΡΠΊΡ Π°ΡΡΠ½Π½Ρ ΠΌΡΡΠΊΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ³ΡΡΡΠΈΠ΄ΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠ²Ρ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»ΡΠ΄ΠΎΠ²Π½ΡΡΡΡ, Π³Π»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠΎΠ½ S-ΡΡΠ°Π½ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ°Π·Ρ Π°Π±ΠΎ Π±ΡΠ»ΠΎΠΊ, ΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ Π·Π²βΡΠ·ΡΡ ΠΌΠ°Π»ΡΡΠΎΠ·Ρ. Π Π΅ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠ±ΡΠ½Π°Π½ΡΠ½Ρ Π±ΡΠ»ΠΊΠΈ Π΅ΠΊΡΠΏΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π°Π»ΠΈ Π² Π±Π°ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΡΡΡ
Ρ ΠΎΡΠΈΡΡΠ²Π°Π»ΠΈ Π°ΡΡΠ½Π½ΠΎΡ Ρ
ΡΠΎΠΌΠ°ΡΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΡ. ΠΠ³ΡΠ΅Π³Π°ΡΠ½ΠΈΠΉ ΡΡΠ°Π½ ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΌΠ°Π½ΠΈΡ
Π±ΡΠ»ΠΊΡΠ² Π°Π½Π°Π»ΡΠ·ΡΠ²Π°Π»ΠΈ Π· Π²ΠΈΠΊΠΎΡΠΈΡΡΠ°Π½Π½ΡΠΌ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΡΡΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎΡ Π³Π΅Π»Ρ-ΡΡΠ»ΡΡΡΠ°ΡΡΡ. Π Π΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈ. ΠΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΎ Π΅ΠΊΡΠΏΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ, ΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π½Π½Ρ ΡΠ° ΡΠΌΠΎΠ²ΠΈ Π·Π±Π΅ΡΡΠ³Π°Π½Π½Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΠΎΠ·ΠΌΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ΅ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠ±ΡΠ½Π°Π½ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ His-eEF1BΞ³. Π’Π°ΠΊΠΎΠΆ Π΅ΠΊΡΠΏΡΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΎ Ρ ΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π½ΠΎ Π΄ΠΎ Π³ΠΎΠΌΠΎΠ³Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΡΠ°Π½Ρ ΠΊΡΠ»ΡΠΊΠ° Π²ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ
ΡΠΎΡΠΌ eEF1BΞ³. ΠΠ²Ρ Π²ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΠ΅Π½Ρ ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠΈ Π‘-ΠΊΡΠ½ΡΠ΅Π²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π΄ΠΎΠΌΠ΅Π½Ρ, ΡΠΊΡ ΠΌΡΡΡΡΡΡ Π°ΠΌΡΠ½ΠΎΠΊΠΈΡΠ»ΠΎΡΠ½Ρ Π·Π°Π»ΠΈΡΠΊΠΈ 263β437 Ρ 228β437, ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΌΠ°Π½ΠΎ Ρ Π²ΠΈΠ³Π»ΡΠ΄Ρ ΡΠΎΠ·ΡΠΈΠ½Π½ΠΈΡ
ΠΌΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ½ΠΈΡ
Π±ΡΠ»ΠΊΡΠ². ΠΠ²Ρ Π²ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΠ΅Π½Ρ ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠΈ N-ΠΊΡΠ½ΡΠ΅Π²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π΄ΠΎΠΌΠ΅Π½Ρ, ΡΠΎ ΠΌΡΡΡΡΡΡ Π°ΠΌΡΠ½ΠΎΠΊΠΈΡΠ»ΠΎΡΠ½Ρ Π·Π°Π»ΠΈΡΠΊΠΈ 1β33 Ρ 1β230, Π·Π»ΠΈΡΡ Π· Π³Π»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠΎΠ½ S-ΡΡΠ°Π½ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ°Π·ΠΎΡ, ΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠ°Π½ΠΎ Ρ Π²ΠΈΠ³Π»ΡΠ΄Ρ Π΄ΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠ² Π·Π³ΡΠ΄Π½ΠΎ Π· ΡΠ΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈ Π³Π΅Π»Ρ-ΡΡΠ»ΡΡΡΠ°ΡΡΡ. ΠΠ½ΡΡ Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅ΡΡΠΉΠ½Ρ ΠΌΡΡΠ°Π½ΡΠΈ, ΡΠΊΡ ΠΌΡΡΡΡΡΡ Π°ΠΌΡΠ½ΠΎΠΊΠΈΡΠ»ΠΎΡΠ½Ρ Π·Π°Π»ΠΈΡΠΊΠΈ 1β93 Ρ 1β165 N-ΠΊΡΠ½ΡΠ΅Π²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π΄ΠΎΠΌΠ΅Π½Ρ ΡΠ° Π·Π»ΠΈΡΡ Π· Π±ΡΠ»ΠΊΠΎΠΌ, ΡΠΎ Π·Π²βΡΠ·ΡΡ ΠΌΠ°Π»ΡΡΠΎΠ·Ρ, ΠΌΠΎΠΆΡΡΡ Π±ΡΡΠΈ ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΌΠ°Π½Ρ Π»ΠΈΡΠ΅ Ρ Π²ΠΈΠ³Π»ΡΠ΄Ρ ΡΠΎΠ·ΡΠΈΠ½Π½ΠΈΡ
Π²ΠΈΡΠΎΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΎΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΠ»ΡΡΠ½ΠΈΡ
Π°Π³ΡΠ΅Π³Π°ΡΡΠ². ΠΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²ΠΊΠΈ. ΠΡΡΠΈΠΌΠ°Π½ΠΎ Ρ ΠΎΡ
Π°ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΎ ΡΠ΅ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠ±ΡΠ½Π°Π½ΡΠ½ΠΈΠΉ Π±ΡΠ»ΠΎΠΊ His-eEF1BΞ³ ΡΠ° ΠΉΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΎΡΠΈΡΠΈ Π²ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΠ΅Π½Ρ ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠΈ. Π¦Ρ ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠΈ Π² ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π°Π»ΡΡΠΎΠΌΡ Π±ΡΠ΄Π΅ Π²ΠΈΠΊΠΎΡΠΈΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎ Π΄Π»Ρ Π²ΠΈΠ²ΡΠ΅Π½Π½Ρ Π±ΡΠ»ΠΊΠΎΠ²ΠΎ-Π±ΡΠ»ΠΊΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡ
Π²Π·Π°ΡΠΌΠΎΠ΄ΡΠΉ.Π¦Π΅Π»Ρ. ΠΠ»Ρ Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ Π΄Π΅ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΈΠ·ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠ²ΠΎΠΉΡΡΠ² ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΎΠ²Π΅ΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΎΡΠ° ΡΠ»ΠΎΠ½Π³Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΡΡΠ°Π½ΡΠ»ΡΡΠΈΠΈ eEF1BΞ³ ΠΈ Π΅Π³ΠΎ Π²Π·Π°ΠΈΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΠΉΡΡΠ²ΠΈΡ Ρ ΠΏΠ°ΡΡΠ½Π΅ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈ ΠΎΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΡ Π΅ΠΊΡΠΏΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΡ ΠΊΠΠΠ ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½ΠΎΡΠ°Π·ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π±Π΅Π»ΠΊΠ°, Π° ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ Π΅Π³ΠΎ ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΡΠΎΡΠΌ. ΠΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄Ρ. ΠΊΠΠΠ, ΠΊΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΡΡΡΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ ΡΠΎΡΠΌΡ eEF1BΞ³, Π³Π΅Π½Π΅ΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π»ΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠΌ ΠΠ¦Π -Π°ΠΌΠΏΠ»ΠΈΡΠΈΠΊΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ Ρ ΡΠΎΠΎΡΠ²Π΅ΡΡΡΠ²ΡΡΡΠΈΠΌΠΈ ΠΏΡΠ°ΠΉΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈ ΠΈ ΠΊΠ»ΠΎΠ½ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π»ΠΈ Π² Π²Π΅ΠΊΡΠΎΡΡ, ΡΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅ Π² ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅ Π°ΡΡΠΈΠ½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠ³ΠΈΡΡΠΈΠ΄ΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠ²ΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ, Π³Π»ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½ S-ΡΡΠ°Π½ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ°Π·Ρ ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ Π±Π΅Π»ΠΎΠΊ, ΡΠ²ΡΠ·ΡΠ²Π°ΡΡΠΈΠΉ ΠΌΠ°Π»ΡΡΠΎΠ·Ρ. Π Π΅ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠ±ΠΈΠ½Π°Π½ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ Π±Π΅Π»ΠΊΠΈ ΡΠΊΡΠΏΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π»ΠΈ Π² Π±Π°ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΡ
ΠΈ ΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ°Π»ΠΈ Π°ΡΡΠΈΠ½Π½ΠΎΠΉ Ρ
ΡΠΎΠΌΠ°ΡΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅ΠΉ. ΠΠ³ΡΠ΅Π³Π°ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ΅ ΡΠΎΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
Π±Π΅Π»ΠΊΠΎΠ² Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π»ΠΈ Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠΎΡΡΡ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ Π³Π΅Π»Ρ-ΡΠΈΠ»ΡΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ. Π Π΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ. ΠΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Ρ ΡΠΊΡΠΏΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΡ, ΠΎΡΠΈΡΡΠΊΠ° ΠΈ ΡΡΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡ Ρ
ΡΠ°Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½ΠΎΡΠ°Π·ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ΅ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠ±ΠΈ- Π½Π°Π½ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ His-eEF1BΞ³. Π’Π°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ Π΅ΠΊΡΠΏΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Ρ ΠΈ ΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π½Ρ Π΄ΠΎ Π³ΠΎΠΌΠΎΠ³Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΎΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΈΡ Π½Π΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ»ΡΠΊΠΎ ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΡΠΎΡΠΌ eEF1BΞ³. ΠΠ²Π΅ ΡΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ ΡΠΎΡΠΌΡ Π‘-ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠ΅Π²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π΄ΠΎΠΌΠ΅Π½Π°, ΡΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅ Π°ΠΌΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠΊΠΈΡ- Π»ΠΎΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΠΎΡΡΠ°ΡΠΊΠΈ 263β437 ΠΈ 228β437, ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½Ρ Π² Π²ΠΈΠ΄Π΅ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ²ΠΎΡΠΈΠΌΡΡ
ΠΌΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ½ΡΡ
Π±Π΅Π»ΠΊΠΎΠ². ΠΠ²Π΅ ΡΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ ΡΠΎΡΠΌΡ N-ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠ΅Π²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π΄ΠΎΠΌΠ΅Π½Π°, ΡΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅ Π°ΠΌΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠΊΠΈΡΠ»ΠΎΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΠΎΡΡΠ°ΡΠΊΠΈ 1β33 ΠΈ 1β230, ΡΠ»ΠΈΡΡΠ΅ Ρ Π³Π»ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½ S-ΡΡΠ°Π½ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ°Π·ΠΎΠΉ, ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½Ρ Π² Π²ΠΈΠ΄Π΅ Π΄ΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ² ΠΏΠΎ ΡΠ΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΠ°ΠΌ Π³Π΅Π»Ρ-ΡΠΈΠ»ΡΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ. ΠΡΡΠ³ΠΈΠ΅ Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΡΠ΅ ΠΌΡΡΠ°Π½ΡΡ, ΡΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅ Π°ΠΌΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠΊΠΈΡΠ»ΠΎΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΠΎΡΡΠ°ΡΠΊΠΈ 1β93 ΠΈ 1β165 N-ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠ΅Π²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π΄ΠΎΠΌΠ΅Π½Π° ΠΈ ΡΠ»ΠΈΡΡ Ρ Π±Π΅Π»ΠΊΠΎΠΌ, ΡΠ²ΡΠ·ΡΠ²Π°ΡΡΠΈΠΌ ΠΌΠ°Π»ΡΡΠΎΠ·Ρ, ΠΌΠΎΠ³ΡΡ Π±ΡΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½Ρ ΡΠΎΠ»ΡΠΊΠΎ Π² Π²ΠΈΠ΄Π΅ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ²ΠΎΡΠΈΠΌΡΡ
Π²ΡΡΠΎΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΎΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΠ»ΡΡΠ½ΡΡ
Π°Π³ΡΠ΅Π³Π°ΡΠΎΠ². ΠΡΠ²ΠΎΠ΄Ρ. ΠΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½Ρ ΠΈ ΠΎΡ
Π°ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Ρ ΡΠ΅ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠ±ΠΈΠ½Π°Π½ΡΠ½ΡΠΉ ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΎΡ ΡΠ»ΠΎΠ½Π³Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΡΡΠ°Π½ΡΠ»ΡΡΠΈΠΈ His-eEF1B ΠΈ Π΅Π³ΠΎ ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡΠ΅ ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ ΡΠΎΡΠΌΡ, ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅ Π² Π΄Π°Π»ΡΠ½Π΅ΠΉΡΠ΅ΠΌ Π±ΡΠ΄ΡΡ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Ρ Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΈΠ·Ρ- ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π±Π΅Π»ΠΊΠΎΠ²ΠΎ-Π±Π΅Π»ΠΊΠΎΠ²ΡΡ
Π²Π·Π°ΠΈΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΠΉΡΡΠ²ΠΈΠΉ
Profiles de microhabitats dans des hΓͺtraies primaires d'Europe
International audienceTree-related microhabitats (TreMs) are important features for the conservation of biodiversity in forest ecosystems. Although other structural indicators of forest biodiversity have been extensively studied in recent decades, TreMs have often been overlooked, either due to the absence of a consensual definition or a lack of knowledge. Despite the increased number of TreM studies in the last decade, the role of drivers of TreM profile in primary forests and across different geographical regions is still unknown. To evaluate the main drivers of TreM density and diversity, we conducted the first large-scale study of TreMs across European primary forests. We established 146 plots in eight primary forests dominated by European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) in the Carpathian and Dinaric mountain ranges. Generalized linear mixed effect models were used to test the effect of local plot characteristics and spatial variability on the density and diversity (alpha, beta, and gamma) of TreMs. Total TreM density and diversity were significantly positively related with tree species richness and the proportion of snags. Root mean square tree diameters were significantly related to alpha and gamma diversity of TreMs. Both regions reached similarly high values of total TreM densities and total TreM densities and diversity were not significantly different between the two regions; however, we observed between the two regions significant differences in the densities of two TreM groups, conks of fungi and epiphytes. The density and diversity of TreMs were very high in beech-dominated mountain primary forests, but their occurrence and diversity was highly variable within the landscapes over relatively short spatial gradients (plot and stand levels). Understanding these profile provides a benchmark for further comparisons, such as with young forest reserves, or for improving forest management practices that promote biodiversity