Functional and Anthropometrical Screening Test among High Performance Female Football Players: A Descriptive Study with Injury Incidence Analysis, the Basque Female Football Cohort (BFFC) Study

The main objectives of the present study were to describe the injury incidence and to analyze the anthropometric and physical characteristics of players from three high-level women’s football teams. The present study involved 54 female football players (21.9 ± 4.9 years old) from three different teams competing in the Spanish Reto Iberdrola-Segunda División PRO league. A battery of tests was carried out to determine the anthropometric and physical performance characteristics of the players along with an injury incidence record during a full competitive season. The obtained results showed that there was a high incidence of injury, as 38% of the players suffered some type of injury during the season (range 1–5; 1.75 ± 1.02 injuries per player). Injuries occurred in both matches and during training at a similar percentage (48.6 vs. 51.4%), and the majority of the registered episodes were graded as moderate or severe injury types (60%). Players suffering from an injury accumulated a total of 1587 chronological days off work due to injury during the season, with a recurrence rate of 55%. Considering the high incidence of injury, and the injury burden and the reinjure rate observed in this research, it seems necessary to apply the most efficient prevention and recovery measures possible in these female football teams. These descriptive data could serve athletic trainers and medical staff of female football teams to better understand their own screening procedure-derived data

Investigation on the Chlorophyll-<em>a</em> Content of Phytoplankton in the Sea of Azov and the Don River by the Fluorescence Method

Results of in situ fluorescence investigations on chlorophyll-a (chl-a) of phytoplankton in the Sea of Azov (May to June 2018) and in the Don River estuary (September to November 2019) are presented. Continuous data series of chl-a fluorescence were obtained with flow-through fluorometers. Discrete reference measurements of chl-a concentration and phytoplankton biomass were performed by standard methods for the sake of comparison and eventual corrections. The fluorescence intensity values measured in a lateral surface salinity gradient of the Sea of Azov were found correlating with the obtained data on the chl-a concentration (R2 = 0.88, n = 27) and phytoplankton biomass (R2 = 0.90, n = 11). Instead, there was a weak correlation (R2 = 0.40, n = 33) between the fluorescence and phytoplankton biomass found in the estuary. This disparity in correlations was explained by the difference in conditions during measurements, which affected the fluorescence. There were no significant changes in both temperature and coenotic composition of phytoplankton in the course of the marine expedition. The measurements on the river covered a period characterized by the seasonal variations in the phytoplankton composition and by noticeable temperature fluctuations

Functional and anthropometrical screening test among high performance female football players: A descriptive study with injury incidence analysis, the Basque Female Football Cohort (BFFC) study

The main objectives of the present study were to describe the injury incidence and to analyze the anthropometric and physical characteristics of players from three high-level women’s football teams. The present study involved 54 female football players (21.9 ± 4.9 years old) from three different teams competing in the Spanish Reto Iberdrola-Segunda División PRO league. A battery of tests was carried out to determine the anthropometric and physical performance characteristics of the players along with an injury incidence record during a full competitive season. The obtained results showed that there was a high incidence of injury, as 38% of the players suffered some type of injury during the season (range 1–5; 1.75 ± 1.02 injuries per player). Injuries occurred in both matches and during training at a similar percentage (48.6 vs. 51.4%), and the majority of the registered episodes were graded as moderate or severe injury types (60%). Players suffering from an injury accumulated a total of 1587 chronological days off work due to injury during the season, with a recurrence rate of 55%. Considering the high incidence of injury, and the injury burden and the reinjure rate observed in this research, it seems necessary to apply the most efficient prevention and recovery measures possible in these female football teams. These descriptive data could serve athletic trainers and medical staff of female football teams to better understand their own screening procedure-derived data

Synthesis of Novel Lipophilic Polyamines via Ugi Reaction and Evaluation of Their Anticancer Activity

Natural polyamines (PAs) are involved in the processes of proliferation and differentiation of cancer cells. Lipophilic synthetic polyamines (LPAs) induce the cell death of various cancer cell lines. In the current paper, we have demonstrated a new method for synthesis of LPAs via the multicomponent Ugi reaction and subsequent reduction of amide groups by PhSiH3. The anticancer activity of the obtained compounds was evaluated in the A-549, MCF7, and HCT116 cancer cell lines. For the first time, it was shown that the anticancer activity of LPAs with piperazine fragments is comparable with that of aliphatic LPAs. The presence of a diglyceride fragment in the structure of LPAs appears to be a key factor for the manifestation of high anticancer activity. The findings of the study strongly support further research in the field of LPAs and their derivatives

Visible Light-Driven O₂ Reduction by a Porphyrin–Laccase System

Several recent studies have shown that the combination of photosensitizers with metalloenzymes can support a light-driven multielectron reduction of molecules such as CO₂ or HCN. Here we show that the association of the zinc tetramethylpyridinium porphyrin (ZnTMPyP⁴⁺) photosensitizer with the multicopper oxidase (MCO) laccase allows to link the oxidation of an organic molecule to the four electrons reduction of dioxygen into water. The enzyme is photoreduced within minutes with porphyrin/enzyme ratio as low as 1:40. With a 1:1 ratio, the dioxygen consumption rate is 1.7 μmol L^–1 s^–1. Flash photolysis experiments support the formation of the triplet excited state of ZnTMPyP⁴⁺ which reduces the enzyme to form a radical cation of the porphyrin with a <i>k</i>_ET ≈ 10⁷ s^–1 M^–1. The long-lived triplet excited state of the ZnTMPyP⁴⁺ (τ₀ = 0.72 ms) accounts for a substantial electron-transfer quantum yield, ϕ_ET = 0.35. Consequently, the enzyme-dependent photo-oxidation of the electron donor occurs with a turnover of 8 min^–1 for the one-electron oxidation process, thereby supporting the suitability of such enzyme/sensitizer hybrid systems for aerobic photodriven transformations on substrates. This study is the first example of a phorphyrin-sensitized four-electron reduction of an enzyme of the MCO family, leading to photoreduction of dioxygen into water

Visible Light-Driven O 2 Reduction by a Porphyrin–Laccase System

International audienceSeveral recent studies have shown that the combination of photosensitizers with metalloenzymes can support a light-driven multielectron reduction of molecules such as CO 2 or HCN. Here we show that the association of the zinc tetramethylpyridinium porphyrin (ZnTMPyP 4+) photo-sensitizer with the multicopper oxidase (MCO) laccase allows to link the oxidation of an organic molecule to the four electrons reduction of dioxygen into water. The enzyme is photoreduced within minutes with porphyrin/enzyme ratio as low as 1:40. With a 1:1 ratio, the dioxygen consumption rate is 1.7 μmol L −1 s −1. Flash photolysis experiments support the formation of the triplet excited state of ZnTMPyP 4+ which reduces the enzyme to form a radical cation of the porphyrin with a k ET ≈ 10 7 s −1 M −1. The long-lived triplet excited state of the ZnTMPyP 4+ (τ 0 = 0.72 ms) accounts for a substantial electron-transfer quantum yield, ϕ ET = 0.35. Consequently, the enzyme-dependent photo-oxidation of the electron donor occurs with a turnover of 8 min −1 for the one-electron oxidation process, thereby supporting the suitability of such enzyme/sensitizer hybrid systems for aerobic photodriven transformations on substrates. This study is the first example of a phorphyrin-sensitized four-electron reduction of an enzyme of the MCO family, leading to photoreduction of dioxygen into water