Motivating parents of preschool children with ADHD to get involved in their children's education

HTF - Katedra psychosociálních věd a etikyHussite Theological FacultyHusitská teologická fakult

The role of cytochromes P450 and aldo-keto reductases in prognosis of breast carcinoma patients

Metabolism of anticancer drugs affects their antitumor effects. This study has investigated the associations of gene expression of enzymes metabolizing anticancer drugs with therapy response and survival of breast carcinoma patients.Gene expression of 13 aldo-keto reductases (AKRs), carbonyl reductase 1, and 10 cytochromes P450 (CYPs) was assessed using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction in tumors and paired adjacent nonneoplastic tissues from 68 posttreatment breast carcinoma patients. Eleven candidate genes were then evaluated in an independent series of 50 pretreatment patients. Protein expression of the most significant genes was confirmed by immunoblotting.AKR1A1 was significantly overexpressed and AKR1C1-4, KCNAB1, CYP2C19, CYP3A4, and CYP3A5 downregulated in tumors compared with control nonneoplastic tissues after correction for multiple testing. Significant association of CYP2B6 transcript levels in tumors with expression of hormonal receptors was found in the posttreatment set and replicated in the pretreatment set of patients. Significantly higher intratumoral levels of AKR1C1, AKR1C2, or CYP2W1 were found in responders to neoadjuvant chemotherapy compared with nonresponders. Patients with high AKR7A3 or CYP2B6 levels in the pretreatment set had significantly longer disease-free survival than patients with low levels. Protein products of AKR1C1, AKR1C2, AKR7A3, CYP3A4, and carbonyl reductase (CBR1) were found in tumors and those of AKR1C1, AKR7A3, and CBR1 correlated with their transcript levels. Small interfering RNA-directed knockdown of AKR1C2 or vector-mediated upregulation of CYP3A4 in MDA-MB-231 model cell line had no effect on cell proliferation after paclitaxel treatment in vitro.Prognostic and predictive roles of drug-metabolizing enzymes strikingly differ between posttreatment and pretreatment breast carcinoma patients. Mechanisms of action of AKR1C2, AKR7A3, CYP2B6, CYP3A4, and CBR1 should continue to be further followed in breast carcinoma patients and models.13-25222J, GACR, Czech Science FoundationCzech Science Foundation [13-25222J]; Internal Grant Agency of the Czech Ministry of Health [NT/14055-3

Motivating parents of preschool children with ADHD to get involved in their children's education

HTF - Katedra psychosociálních věd a etikyHussite Theological FacultyHusitská teologická fakult

Inquiry Based Teaching Philosophy in Grammar School

The thesis deals with inquiry based teaching of philosophy in grammar school. The aim of the thesis is to present concept of teaching philosophy, which would be based on the reality and problems arising from the lives of students, using philosophy as a tool to improve their quality of life. The theoretical part presents inquiry based teaching philosophy, that corresponds to the requirements of the goal of the thesis. The theoretical part of the thesis contains the definition of inquiry based teaching and the characteristics of philosophy, based on conception of Karel Jaspers, for which I give reasons in the work. In the theoretical part I deal with the role of the teacher, various didactic approaches to teaching philosophy and I also present some methods of inquiry based teaching. In the second part of the thesis there is a survey, which aim is to find out how philosophy teachers at grammar schools are acquainted with the method of inquiry based teaching and whether they use this method in their own philosophy lessons. The survey uses the questionnaire method for social science teachers at grammar schools who have experience in teaching philosophy.Due to the small number of respondents, I evaluated the results of questionnaires by qualitative approache, this approach is most evident in the..

Inquiry Based Teaching Philosophy in Grammar School

Diplomová práce se zabývá problémově zaměřenou výukou filosofie na čtyřletých nebo víceletých gymnáziích. Cílem práce je představit takové pojetí výuky filosofie, jež by vycházelo z reality a problémů studentů, využívající filosofii jako nástroj pro zlepšení kvality jejich života. Teoretická část představuje koncept problémově zaměřené výuky filosofie, který odpovídá požadavkům stanoveným v cíli práce. Obsahuje vymezení problémově zaměřené výuky a charakteristiku filosofie dle pojetí Karla Jasperse, pro jehož výběr podávám odůvodnění v práci. Dále se v teoretické práci zabývám rolí učitele, didaktickými přístupy k výuce filosofie a představuji některé metody problémově zaměřené výuky. V druhé části práce se nachází výzkumné šetření, jehož cílem je zjistit, do jaké míry jsou učitelé filosofie na gymnáziích seznámeni s metodou problémově zaměřené výuky a zdali tuto metodu využívají ve vlastních hodinách filosofie. Metoda výzkumného šetření je uskutečněna formou dotazníku určeného učitelům základů společenských věd na gymnáziích, kteří mají zkušenost s výukou filosofie. Vyhodnocení dotazníků jsem vzhledem k malému počtu respondentů prováděla kvalitativně, tento přístup je nejvíce patrný v interpretacích jednotlivých výzkumných otázek. Výsledky výzkumného šetření poukazují na některé problémy, kterým...The thesis deals with inquiry based teaching of philosophy in grammar school. The aim of the thesis is to present concept of teaching philosophy, which would be based on the reality and problems arising from the lives of students, using philosophy as a tool to improve their quality of life. The theoretical part presents inquiry based teaching philosophy, that corresponds to the requirements of the goal of the thesis. The theoretical part of the thesis contains the definition of inquiry based teaching and the characteristics of philosophy, based on conception of Karel Jaspers, for which I give reasons in the work. In the theoretical part I deal with the role of the teacher, various didactic approaches to teaching philosophy and I also present some methods of inquiry based teaching. In the second part of the thesis there is a survey, which aim is to find out how philosophy teachers at grammar schools are acquainted with the method of inquiry based teaching and whether they use this method in their own philosophy lessons. The survey uses the questionnaire method for social science teachers at grammar schools who have experience in teaching philosophy.Due to the small number of respondents, I evaluated the results of questionnaires by qualitative approache, this approach is most evident in the...HTF - Katedra učitelstvíHusitská teologická fakultaHussite Theological Facult

Integrative analysis of mRNA and miRNA expression profiles and somatic variants in oxysterol signaling in early‐stage luminal breast cancer

Oxysterols, oxidized derivatives of cholesterol, act in breast cancer (BC) as selective estrogen receptor modulators and affect cholesterol homeostasis, drug transport, nuclear and cell receptors, and other signaling proteins. Using data from three highly overlapping sets of patients (N = 162 in total) with early‐stage estrogen‐receptor‐positive luminal BC—high‐coverage targeted DNA sequencing (113 genes), mRNA sequencing, and full micro‐RNA (miRNA) transcriptome microarrays—we describe complex oxysterol‐related interaction (correlation) networks, with validation in public datasets (n = 538) and 11 databases. The ESR1‐CH25H‐INSIG1‐ABCA9 axis was the most prominent, interconnected through miR‐125b‐5p, miR‐99a‐5p, miR‐100‐5p, miR‐143‐3p, miR‐199b‐5p, miR‐376a‐3p, and miR‐376c‐3p. Mutations in SC5D, CYP46A1, and its functionally linked gene set were associated with multiple differentially expressed oxysterol‐related genes. STARD5 was upregulated in patients with positive lymph node status. High expression of hsa‐miR‐19b‐3p was weakly associated with poor survival. This is the first study of oxysterol‐related genes in BC that combines DNA, mRNA, and miRNA multiomics with detailed clinical data. Future studies should provide links between intratumoral oxysterol signaling depicted here, circulating oxysterol levels, and therapy outcomes, enabling eventual clinical exploitation of present findings

Nanotechnologies for society. New designs and applications of nanosensors and nanobiosensors in medicine and environmental analysis

One of the areas rapidly gaining popularity in all parts of scientific research is Nanotechnology. The pioneering mechanical and electrical engineering has been overtaken by life sciences including chemistry and biology as well as biophysics and biomedicine. The attractiveness of nanodimensions increases in combination with possible life saving function. Therefore the opportunity of application of nano-size objects such as nanoparticles of various types and nature as drug carriers and/or tumour detecting agents is of great interest and number of research publications devoted to this field is increasing rapidly in last years. The complexity of this field requires combined effort of multidisciplinary teams joining researches with diverse expertise such as engineers, physicists, biologists, chemists as well as medical doctors and clinicians. In this review, short summary of development in the field on nanoparticles and nano-based electrodes as well as new software for treatment of data obtained from the electrodes is shown. Copyright © 2012 Inderscience Enterprises Ltd

Transcript expression and genetic variability analysis of caspases in breast carcinomas suggests CASP9 as the most interesting target

Background: Apoptosis plays a critical role in cancer cell survival and tumor development. We provide a hypothesis- generating screen for further research by exploring the expression profile and genetic variability of caspases (2, 3, 7, 8, 9, and 10) in breast carcinoma patients. This study addressed isoform-specific caspase transcript expression and genetic variability in regulatory sequences of caspases 2 and 9. Methods: Gene expression profiling was performed by quantitative real-time PCR in tumor and paired non-malignant tissues of two independent groups of patients. Genetic variability was determined by high resolution melting, allelic discrimination, and sequencing analysis in tumor and peripheral blood lymphocyte DNA of the patients. Results: CASP3 A+ B and S isoforms were over-expressed in tumors of both patient groups. The CASP9 transcript was down-regulated in tumors of both groups of patients and significantly associated with expression of hormonal receptors and with the presence of rs4645978-rs2020903rs4646034 haplotype in the CASP9 gene. Patients with a low intratumoral CASP9A/B isoform expression ratio (predicted to shift equilibrium towards anti-apoptotic isoform) subsequently treated with adjuvant chemotherapy had a significantly shorter disease-free survival than those with the high ratio (p = 0.04). Inheritance of CC genotype of rs2020903 in CASP9 was associated with progesterone receptor expression in tumors (p = 0.003). Conclusions: Genetic variability in CASP9 and expression of its splicing variants present targets for further study.CU Grant Agency [1444313]; MH CZ - DRO (National Institute of Public Health - NIPH) project [75010330]; Internal Grant Agency of the Czech Ministry of Health [14055-3