PTTH - A potential growth activator in silkwonm, <i>Bombyx mori L. </i>for enhancing silk production

936-941In silkworm, prothoracicotropic hormone (PTTH), directly or indirectly controls silk production and spinning activity along with juvenile hormone (JH). An effort was made to exploit the potential of PTTH by indirectly activating silk gland for increasing silk productivity using short chain synthetic analogues of PTTH. The analogy in action was also established using PTTH extracted from the silkmoth. Different doses of 42 synthetic PTTH analogues, viz., 2.5, 5, 10 and 20 ppm and 3.3 mg/ml of PTTH extracted from silk moth heads were administered orally to V instar silkworm larvae (Race: KA×NB4D2 and PM× NB4D2) at 0-144 hr at an interval of 24 hr. The analysed data showed an improvement of about 14-23% in KA × NB4D2 and about 10-14% in PM×NB4D2 in respect of cocoon shell weight on administration of some of the synthetic PTTH analogues. The PTTH extracted from the adult brain also showed similar effect. The structural analogy of synthetic PTTHs (which improved the shell weight) with original PTTH and its probable mode of action in silkworm are discussed

Influence of Bakuchiol, a JH analogue from Bemchi (Psoralea corylifolia) on Silk Production in Silkworm, Bombyx mori L. (Bombycidae: Lepidoptera)

The influence of a juvenile hormone analogue (JHA), bakuchiol on the silk yield of silkworm, Bombyx mori L. was studied involving two popular commercial hybrids, KA x NB4D2 (bivoltine x bivoltine) and PM x NB4D2 (multivoltine x bivoltine). The compound was administered topically to 5th instars at 24, 48, 72 and 96 h as a single dose. Three-concentration viz., 0.625, 1.25 and 2.5 ppm were tested. Economic characters of the larvae and the resultant cocoon traits were measured. The result showed that 1.25 ppm of bakuchiol applied to 48 h old 5th instars was the most favourable treatment for improvement of commercial traits. Cocoon and cocoon shell weight and filament length have increased significantly due to this treatment. The possible role of exogenous JH analogues in eliciting this response in silkworm is discussed. Journal of Applied Sciences and Environmental Management Vol. 7(2) 2003: 31-3

Hormetic influence on silkworm, bombyx mori L., of the phytojuvenoid ω-formyl longifolene oxime propargyl ether

The hormetic influence on silkworm, Bombyx mori L. (Lepidoptera; Bombycidae) of the juvenile hormone mimic ω-formyl longifolene oxime propargyl ether (NL13) was assayed. Emulsions containing 2.5, 5.0 and 10.0 ppm of the compound were administered topically as a single dose, to two popular commercial silkworm hybrids, viz. KA × NB4D2 and PM × NB4D2, at 24, 48, 72 and 96 h into the 5th instar, and economic characters of the larvae and resultant cocoons measured. A medium and absolute control were maintained in parallel. It was found that administration of 5 ppm of NL13 to 48-h-old 5th instars resulted in the maximum improvement in commercial traits. The possible role of exogenous JH-like compounds in eliciting this response in silkworm is discussed

Hormetic influence on silkworm, Bombyx mori L., of the Phytojuvenoid ω-Formyl longifolene oxime propargyl ether

The hormetic influence on silkworm, Bombyx mori L. (Lepidoptera: Bombycidae) of the juvenile hormone mimic ω-formyl longifolene oxime propargyl ether (NL13) was assayed. Emulsions containing 2.5, 5.0 and 10.0 ppm of the compound were administered topically as a single dose, to two popular commercial silkworm hybrids, viz. KA x NB 4 D 2 and PM x NB 4 D 2 , at 24, 48, 72 and 96 h into the 5th instar, and economic characters of the larvae and resultant cocoons measured. A medium and absolute control were maintained in parallel. It was found that administration of 5 ppm of NL13 to 48-h-old 5th instars resulted in the maximum improvement in commercial traits. The possible role of exogenous JH-like compounds in eliciting this response in silkworm is discussed. RÉSUMÉ L'influence hormonal du ω-formyl longifene oxime propargyl ether (NL13) imitant l'hormone juvénile a été testée sur le ver à soie, Bombyx mori L. (Lepidoptera: Bombycidae). Des émulsions contenant 2,5, 5,0 et 10,0 ppm du composé ont été administrées au 5ème stade larvaire, en une seule dose, à 24, 48, 72 et 96 h , à deux hybrides couramment commercialisés du ver à soie, viz KA x NB 4 D 2 et PM x NB 4 D 2 . Les caractéristiques économiques des larves et des cocons ont été mesurées. Un témoin moyen et absolu ont été maintenus en parallèle. On a constaté que l'administration de 5 ppm de NL13 à des larves de 5ème stade âgées de 48 h a permis une amélioration maximale des caractéristiques commerciales. Le rôle possible des composés exogènes, homologues de l'hormone juvénile, provoquant cette réponse chez le ver à soie est discuté

Incidence and predictors of adverse events and outcomes for adult critically ill patients transferred by paramedics to a tertiary care medical facility

Objective: The aim of this study was to determine the incidence of adverse events and patients’ outcomes in inter‑facility critical care transfers by paramedics. Methods: We conducted a retrospective cohort study of adults undergoing inter‑facility transfer to a tertiary medical facility by paramedics. We included all patients transferred between 1st June, 2011 and 31st December, 2014. The primary outcome is in‑transit adverse event and the secondary outcome is in‑hospital mortality. Multiple logistic regression models were fitted to assess predictor variables for adverse events and in‑hospital mortality. Results: The incidence of adverse events was 13.7% (31/227 patients had in‑transit adverse event); the most common adverse events reported were desaturation and hypotension. A unit increase in risk score for transported patients (RSTP) significantly increased the occurrence of adverse events (adjusted odds ratio [OR]: 1.36, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.07–1.72 and adjusted P = 0.01). Compared to medical patients, cardiac patients were less likely to develop adverse events (adjusted OR: 0.117, 95% CI: 0.02–0.52 and adjusted P < 0.01). The in‑hospital mortality was 30.4% and 30-day survival was 68.1%. For two patients whose age differed by 1 year, the older patient was more likely to die (adjusted OR: 1.03, 95% CI: 1.01–1.05 and P < 0.01) and a unit increase in RSTP significantly increased occurrence of in‑hospital mortality (adjusted OR: 1.30, 95% CI: 1.0–1.60 and P = 0.01). Conclusion: The incidence of adverse events was 13.7%. The most common observed adverse events were desaturation and hypotension. In‑hospital mortality was 30.4% and 30-day survival was 68.1%