Influence of season on gastrointestinal parasites in pigs with an emphasis on Balantioides coli in a city with a tropical climate

ABSTRACT: Rio de Janeiro is a state with a hot and humid climate throughout the year. This characteristic can generate parasitic dynamics that are poorly described in the literature, particularly in pigs, which have low tolerance for high temperatures. This study reports the diagnosis of gastrointestinal parasites in pigs in Rio de Janeiro and characterizes the effects of seasons on Balantioides coli. Samples from 21 pigs on an industrial farm were analyzed across seasons. Parasites were detected by qualitative and quantitative microscopic techniques, and B. coli was molecularly characterized in the feces of two pigs. Climatic data were retrieved from the state’s meteorological station. A statistically significant difference in the number of animals positive for parasites between the seasons of the year was detected. In addition, significant differences in the quantification of B. coli and Ascaris suum between seasons were detected, with the highest counts observed in autumn. Through molecular analysis, B. coli infection was confirmed in all fecal samples collected across seasons from two pigs, with type A0 being predominant. Genetic variants of B. coli differed according to season, highlighting the heterogeneous distribution of genetic material in parasitic cells. Overall, the diagnosis of gastrointestinal parasite infection in pigs of reproductive age kept on one property located in the state of Rio de Janeiro was most common in autumn

Microbiological profile of donor corneas stored for tectonic transplantation purposes in rabbits

Analisaram-se córneas armazenadas para transplantes tectônicos usando-se suabes coletados de 20 coelhos, visando ao isolamento e à identificação de microrganismos. Após a coleta das amostras, os coelhos foram submetidos à eutanásia, por razões alheias ao estudo, e enucleados. As córneas foram coletadas e armazenadas a fim de se constituir o banco de córneas. O armazenamento deu-se em solução de tobramicina 0,3% a -20ºC, por 30 dias. Após esse período, as córneas foram descongeladas à temperatura ambiente e removidas da solução de antibiótico. Novos suabes foram coletados e submetidos ao isolamento e à identificação dos microrganismos. A flora corneal mostrou-se predominantemente composta por bactérias Gram positivas, sendo o Staphylococcus sp. o mais identificado. Não se verificou crescimento de colônias bacterianas ou fúngicas nas amostras após o armazenamento. Considerando-se a maneira como a pesquisa foi concebida e as injunções do meio em que ela foi realizada, há como admitir, pela ausência de crescimento microbiano nas amostras armazenadas, que a técnica de armazenamento empregada é segura para a estocagem de córneas destinadas a transplantes.This study aimed to evaluate the microbiota of donor rabbit corneas stored for tectonic transplantation purposes. Swabs from both corneas of 20 rabbits were carefully collected and submitted to microorganism isolation and identification. After this first swab collection, rabbits were euthanized for reasons other than this project and the eyes were enucleated. The corneas were collected and stored to compose the cornea tissue bank. Corneas were stored in a 0.3% tobramycin solution at -20ºC. After 30 days, the corneas were thawed at room temperature and removed from the antibiotic. New swabs were obtained from the corneas and submitted to microorganism isolation and identification. Gram positive organisms were predominant in the rabbit corneal flora before storage and the Staphylococcus sp. was the most common microorganism isolated from those samples. No growth was observed on the samples collected after storage. The methods used for collection and storage of the corneas were efficient to constitute a sterile donor corneal tissue bank.Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)UNESP Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e VeterináriasUniversity of FloridaUNESP Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e VeterináriasFAPESP: 09/14384-

Characterization of tillers in deferred Piata palisade grass with different initial heights and nitrogen levels

This experiment was conducted to estimate the effects of nitrogen fertilization associated with the initial height of the Piata palisade grass on the number and structural characteristics of individual tillers after the deferment period. An area with Brachiaria brizantha cv. Piata measuring approximately 288 m² was used. Combinations of levels of nitrogen fertilization (0, 75 and 150 kg/ha of nitrogen) and initial heights of the sward (low - 20 cm, medium - 30 cm and high - 40 cm) were evaluated. The experimental design was of completely randomized blocks in subdivided plots with three replications. The number of vegetative tillers, the stem length of the vegetative, reproductive and dead tillers, and the number of dead leaves of the reproductive and the dead tillers linearly increased with the elevation in the nitrogen level. The deferred Piata palisade grass with low initial height showed lower number of dead basal tillers, shorter length of stems and leaf blades in reproductive tillers and lower number of live and dead leaves in vegetative tillers in relation to the one managed with height considered medium and high. Nitrogen fertilization, in association with low initial height, provides the optimization of forage of Piata palisade grass in deferment conditions

Surgical procedures used for post-traumatic neurogenic bladder in a cat: report case

A 1-year-old castrated crossbred male cat was referred to the Veterinary Teaching Hospital for evaluation of urinary retention associated with a subluxation at T12-T13 caused by a car accident. Urethral sphincter denervation by transection of hypogastric and pudendal nerves was performed to allow bladder emptying, but after three months post operation the cat had a urinary retention recurrence. Endoscopic urethral sphincterotomy was done resulting in urinary incontinence for four months