Waiting times for diagnosis of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder in children and adolescents referred to Italian ADHD centers must be reduced

BACKGROUND: To investigate timely access to and the time needed to complete the diagnostic path of children and adolescents with suspected attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in the 18 Italian Lombardy Region ADHD reference centers. METHODS: Data of children and adolescents enrolled in the Regional ADHD disease-oriented Registry for suspected ADHD who requested their first visit in 2013-2017 were analyzed. RESULTS: The sample comprised 2262 children and adolescents aged 5-17\u2009years who accessed the ADHD centers for diagnostic classification and management. The median waiting time was of 177\u2009days (range 66-375) from the request for the initial appointment to the completion of the diagnostic path, with a three - fold difference between centers. In addition to the center, the strongest significant predictors of long waiting times were age comorbidities, the severity of the disorder, and having already completed some diagnostic procedures provided by the common standard path. CONCLUSIONS: To guarantee an equal standard of care in ADHD centers for all children and adolescents there is a pressing need to reduce the times to complete the diagnostic path. It is the task of both policymakers and each center to optimize the quality of the service and of the care delivered

Italian regional health service costs for diagnosis and 1-year treatment of ADHD in children and adolescents

The main aim of this study was to estimate the costs associated with diagnostic assessment and 1-year therapy in children and adolescents enrolled in 18 ADHD reference centres. Data concerning 1887 children and adolescents from the mandatory ADHD registry database during the 2012-2014 period were analysed. The overall diagnostic and treatment costs per patient amounts to \u20ac574 and \u20ac830, respectively. The ADHD centre, the school as sender, and the time to diagnosis constitute cost drivers. Non-pharmacological therapy resulted as being more expensive for patients concomitantly treated with drugs (\u20ac929) compared to those treated with psychological interventions alone (\u20ac590; p=0.006). This study gives the first and reliable estimate of the costs associated with both diagnosis and treatment of ADHD in Italy. Although costs associated with mental disorders are difficult to estimate, continuing efforts are need to define costs and resources to guarantee appropriate care, also for ADHD

Determination Of Doxorubicin In Human Plasma By Excitation-emission Matrix Fluorescence And Multi-way Analysis

Direct determination of doxorubicin (DXR), a cytotoxic anthracycline antibiotic, in human plasma was accomplished based on excitation-emission matrix (EEM) fluorescence measurements and multi-way chemometric methods based on parallel factor analysis (PARAFAC) and N-PLS. Several different procedures, such as residual analysis, core consistency diagnostic (CONCORDIA) and split-half analysis were employed to determine the correct number of factors in PARAFAC. These procedures converged to a choice of two factors, attributed to DXR and to the sum of two fluorescence species present in the plasma. Sample PARAFAC loadings were employed to build a regression model against concentration, resulting in a RMSECV of 0.060μgml-1. N-PLS using two factors produced a RMSECV of 0.045μgml-1. Figures of merit (FOM), such as sensitivity (SEN), selectivity (SEL) and limit of detection (LD) were determined for both PARAFAC and N-PLS. © 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.49316981Arcamone, F., Cassineli, G., Fantini, G., Grein, A., Orezzi, P., Pol, C., Spalla, C., (1969) Biotechnol. Bioeng., 11, p. 1101(1994) United States Pharmacopoeia XXI, p. 357. , Rockville, MD, USAHortobagyi, G.N., (1997) Drugs, 54 (SUPPL. 4), p. 1Zagotto, G., Gatto, B., Moro, S., Sissi, C., Palumbo, M., (2001) J. Chromatogr. B, 764, p. 161Fogli, S., Danesi, R., Innocenti, F., Di Paolo, A., Bocci, G., Barbara, C., Del Tacca, M., (1999) Ther. Drug Monit., 21, p. 367Lachâtre, F., Marquet, P., Ragot, S., Gaulier, J.M., Cardot, P., Dupuy, J.L., (2000) J. Chromatogr. B, 738, p. 281Van Asperen, J., Van Tellingen, O., Beijnen, J.H., (1998) J. Chromatogr. B, 712, p. 129Zhou, Q., Chowbay, B., (2002) J. Pharm. Biomed. Anal., 30, p. 1063Perez Ruiz, T., Martinez Lozano, C., Sanz, A., Bravo, E., (2001) Electrophoresis, 22, p. 134Reinhoud, N.J., Tjaden, U.R., Irth, H., Van der Greef, J., (1992) J. Chromatogr. B, 574, p. 327Gavenda, A., Sevcik, J., Psotova, J., Bednar, P., Bartak, P., Adamovsky, P., Simanek, V., (2001) Electrophoresis, 22, p. 2782Sastry, C.S.P., Rao, J., (1996) Talanta, 43, p. 1827Loren, A., Eliasson, C., Josefson, M., Murty, K.V.G.K., Käll, M., Abrahamsson, J., Abrahamsson, K., (2001) J. Raman Spectrosc., 32, p. 971Wolfbeis, O.S., Leiner, M., (1985) Anal. Chim. Acta, 167, p. 203Madhuri, S., Suchitra, S., Aruna, P., Srinivasan, T.G., Ganesan, S., (1999) Med. Sci. Res., 27, p. 635Martens, H., Naes, T., (1989) Multivariate Calibration, , Wiley, New YorkMuroski, A.R., Booksh, K.S., Myrick, M.L., (1996) Anal. Chem., 68, p. 3534Li, S., Hamilton, J.C., Gemperline, P.J., (1992) Anal. Chem., 64, p. 599Bro, R., (1997) Chemom. Intell. Lab. Syst., 38, p. 149Esteban, M., Ariño, C., Díaz-Cruz, J.N., Díaz-Cruz, M.S., Tauler, R., (2000) Trend Anal. Chem., 19, p. 49Bro, R., (1996) J. Chemom., 10, p. 47Wu, H.L., Shibukawa, M., Oguma, K., (1998) J. Chemom., 12, p. 1Saurina, J., Hernandez-Cassou, S., Tauler, R., (1995) Anal. Chim. Acta, 312, p. 189Zampronio, C.G., Gurden, S.P., Moraes, L.A.B., Eberlin, M.N., Smilde, A.K., Poppi, R.J., (2002) Analyst, 127, p. 1054Saurina, J., Leal, C., Compañó, R., Granados, M., Tauler, R., Prat, M.D., (2000) Anal. Chim. Acta, 409, p. 237Jiji, R.D., Andersson, G.G., Booksh, K.S., (2000) J. Chemom., 14, p. 171Jiji, R.D., Cooper, G.A., Booksh, K.S., (1997) Anal. Chim. Acta, 397, p. 72Bro, R., (1999) Chemom. Intell. Lab. Syst., 46, p. 133Nikolajsen, R.P.H., Hansen, A.M., Bro, R., (2001) Luminescence, 16, p. 91De la Peña, A.M., Mansilla, A.E., Gómez, D.G., Olivieri, A.C., Goicoechea, H.C., (2003) Anal. Chem., 75, p. 2640Silva, J.C.G.E., Leitão, J.M.M., Costa, F.S., Ribeiro, J.L.A., (2002) Anal. Chim. Acta, 453, p. 105Bro, R., (1998) Multiway Analysis in the Food Industry: Models, Algorithms and Applications, , Doctoral dissertation, University of Amsterdam, AmsterdamReis, M.M., Biloti, D.N., Ferreira, M.M.C., Pessine, F.B.T., Teixeira, G.M., (2001) Appl. Spectrosc., 55, p. 847Riu, J., Bro, R., (2003) Chemom. Intell. Lab. Syst., 65, p. 35Lorber, A., Faber, K., Kowalski, B.R., (1997) Anal. Chem., 69, p. 1620Booksh, K.S., Kowalski, B.R., (1994) Anal. Chem., 66, pp. 782AAndersson, C.A., Bro, R., (2000) Chemom. Intell. Lab. Syst., 52, p.

Process Analytical Chemistry [química Analítica De Processos]

Process Analytical Chemistry (PAC) is an important and growing area in analytical chemistry, that has received little attention in academic centers devoted to the gathering of knowledge and to optimization of chemical processes. PAC is an area devoted to optimization and knowledge acquisition of chemical processes, to reducing costs and wastes and to making an important contribution to sustainable development. The main aim of this review is to present to the Brazilian community the development and state of the art of PAC, discussing concepts, analytical techniques currently employed in the industry and some applications.29510651071Chauvel, J.P., Henslee, W.W., Melton, L.A., (2002) Anal. Chem., 74, pp. 380Ahttp://www.cpac.washington.edu/, acessada em Abril 2006Henry, C.M., (2004) Chem. Eng. News, 82, p. 40Kelly, J.J., Barlow, C.H., Jinguji, T.M., Callis, J.B., (1989) Anal. Chem., 61, p. 313Callis, J.B., Illman, D.L., Kowalski, B.R., (1987) Anal. 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