Molecular Identification, Antifungal Susceptibility, and Geographic Origin of Clinical Strains of Sporothrix schenckii Complex in Mexico

Abstract:SporotrichosisisasubcutaneousmycosiscausedbySporothrixschenckiicomplex. Thedisease hasbeenreportedworldwide.However,theincidenceoftheetiologicalagentvariesinitsgeographic distribution. We studied 39 clinical isolates of Sporothrix schenckii from diverse regions in Mexico, collectedfrom1998to2016.Molecularidentificationwasperformedbysequenceanalysisofthepartial calmodulin gene. In vitro antifungal susceptibility to amphotericin B (AMB), itraconazole (ITC), voriconazole (VRC), posaconazole (PSC), fluconazole (FLC), terbinafine (TRB), caspofungin (CSF), anidulafungin (ANF), and micafungin (MCF) was evaluated. Thirty-eight isolates of S. schenckii complexweredividedintofivesupportedcladesinaphylogenetictree. Thepredominantclinicalform waslymphocutaneous(92.3%),fixedcutaneous(5.1%),anddisseminated(2.5%). Terbinafineexhibited the best in vitro antifungal activity, while fluconazole was ineffective against Sporothrix schenckii complex. Our results showed diverse geographic distribution of clinical isolates in eight states; definitive identification was done by CAL gen PCR-sequencing. In Mexico, S. schenckii is considered to be an etiological agent of human sporotrichosis cases, and lymphocutaneous is the most prevalent form of the disease. This study revealed four clades of S. schenckii sensu stricto by phylogenetic analysis. Furthermore, we report one case of S. globosa isolated from human origin from the North of Mexico

Decision-making in the management of an incomplete urethral duplication in a young male

This is a case report of a 27-year-old Mexican man complaining of a double urethral meatus located at the tip of the glans. Material and methods: An exhaustive physical examination was performed together with an intravenous excretory urography and retrograde urethrogram in order to evaluate the case properly. Results: The patient presented an incomplete urethral duplication type 1B according to Effmann’s classification. Conclusion: The lack of symptoms as well as the absence of significant clinical or functional repercussion in the patient led us to recommend therapeutic abstention for the time being

Esporotricosis del pabellón auricular. Comunicación de un caso atípico simulando una celulitis bacteriana

Auricular sporotrichosis. Atypical case report simulating bacterial cellulitis Sporotrichosis is the most common subcutaneous or implantation mycosis in Mexico. The case of a preauricular cutaneous-fixed sporotrichosis simulating atypical bacterial cellulitis is reported in an elderly patient with no history of trauma. The biopsy showed a suppurative granuloma with scarce yeast. Sporothrix schenckii was identified in the culture and confirmed by molecular biology. She was treated with itraconazole and a clinical and mycological cure was obtained. The case of atypical presentation is presented, coming from a semi-arid zone with extreme weather. Key words: Sporotrichosis; Sporothrix schenckii; fixed-cutaneous; bacterial cellulitis; itraconazole; PCR Palabras clave: Esporotricosis; Sporothrix schenckii; cutánea-fija, celulitis bacteriana; itraconazol, RPC

Evaluation of in vivo pathogenicity of Candida parapsilosis, Candida orthopsilosis, and Candida metapsilosis with different enzymatic profiles in a murine model of disseminated candidiasis

Six isolates of the Candida parapsilosis complex with different enzymatic profiles were used to induce systemic infection in immunocompetent BALB/c mice. Fungal tissue burden was determined on days 2, 5, 10, and 15 post challenge. The highest fungal load irrespective of post-infection day was detected in the kidney, followed by the spleen, lung,andliver,withatendencyforthefungalburdentodecreasebyday15inallgroups. Significant differences among the strains were not detected, suggesting that the three species of the “psilosis” group possess a similar pathogenic potential in disseminated candidiasis regardless of their enzymatic profile

Evaluation of in vivo pathogenicity of Candida parapsilosis, Candida orthopsilosis, and Candida metapsilosis with different enzymatic profiles in a murine model of disseminated candidiasis

Six isolates of the Candida parapsilosis complex with different enzymatic profiles were used to induce systemic infection in immunocompetent BALB/c mice. Fungal tissue burden was determined on days 2, 5, 10, and 15 post challenge. The highest fungal load irrespective of post-infection day was detected in the kidney, followed by the spleen, lung,andliver,withatendencyforthefungalburdentodecreasebyday15inallgroups. Significant differences among the strains were not detected, suggesting that the three species of the “psilosis” group possess a similar pathogenic potential in disseminated candidiasis regardless of their enzymatic profile