18 research outputs found
Cytochemical and histochemical characterization of cotyledonary bodies from Pharbitis nil seedlings
Cytological
and
histochemical
characterization
of
the
structures
from
which
an
obscure
substance
is
secreted
via
open
stomata
to
the
abaxial
surface
of
Japanese
morning
glory
(Pharbitis
nil
Choisy
cv.
Violet)
cotyledons
has
been
carried
out.
Observation
of
intact
cotyledons
using
the
light
microscope
revealed
randomly
distributed
semi-transparent
structures.
These
structures,
which
were
shown
to
be
the
same
as
those
previously
described
as
giant
oil
cells
are
referred
to
here
as
cotyledonary
bodies.
These
bodies
can
be
eas-
ily
isolated
and
purified
after
enzymatic
digestion
of
the
cotyledons.
Using
different
staining
procedures
we
have
confirmed
that
each
cotyledonary
body
originates
from
an
individual
mesophyll
cell
dur-
ing
embryo
development.
Purified
bodies
consist
of
(i)
a
thick
shell-
like
envelope;
(ii)
a
transparent,
hydrophilic
zone;
(iii)
a
hydropho-
bic
core.
Hydrophobic
contents
of
the
bodies
were
readily
extracted
with
methanol
and
shown
to
contain
fatty
acids
and
phenolic
com-
pounds
using
the
gas
chromatography/mass
spectrometry
(GC/MS)
technique.
Methanolic
extracts
of
cotyledonary
bodies
showed
high
fluorescence
with
two
excitation
and
emission
maxima.
Using
a
flu-
orescence
microscope
we
have
shown
that
the
bodies
isolated
from
seedlings
grown
in
continuous
light,
conditions
non-inductive
for
flowering,
and
those
grown
under
conditions
inductive
for
flowering
(a
single
16
h,
long
dark
period)
have
different
fluorescence
emis-
sion
spectra.
Different
levels
of
free
Ca
2+
inside
cotyledonary
bodies
isolated
from
light-grown
and
single
dark-period
treated
P.
nil
seed-
lings
were
found
using
the
fluorescent
calcium
indicator
dye
Fluo-3
under
a
confocal
scanning
laser
microscope.
On
the
basis
of
these
observations
we
speculate
that
cotyledonary
bodies
could
be
in-
volved
in
floral
induction
Photomorphogenic mutants of tomato
Photomorphogenesis of tomato is being studied with the aid of mutants which are either modified in their photore-
ceptor composition or in their signal transduction chain(s)
. Several mutants affecting the phytochrome family of
photoreceptors, some of which appear deficient for specific genes encoding phytochrome apoproteins have been
isolated
. In addition, other mutants, including transgenic lines overexpressing phytochrome A, exhibit exaggerated
photomorphogenesis during de-etiolation
. Anthocyanin biosynthesis and plastid development are being used
as
model systems for the dissection of the complex interactions among photomorphogenic photoreceptors and to
elucidate the nature of their transduction chains
Effect of the 5-HTTLPR polymorphism on affective temperament, depression and body mass index in obesity
Background and aim: Many studies show high prevalence of affective disorders in obese patients.
Affective temperament is a subclinical manifestation of such conditions. The 5-HTT gene encoding the
serotonin transporter may be involved in both mood and eating dysregulation. The aim of this study was
to investigate the influence of a polymorphism in the 5-HTT gene on affective temperament types,
depressive symptoms and Body Mass Index (BMI) in obese patients.
Methods: This study involved 390 patients (237 females, and 153 males) with obesity. The TEMPS-A
questionnaire, Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) and Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS) were used
to evaluate affective temperaments and prevalence of depression. DNA was obtained for serotonin
transporter gene-linked polymorphism (5-HTTLPR) genotyping.
Results: In obese patients S/S genotype was associated with depressive and L/L with cyclothymic temperament.
Subjects with L/L genotype presented significantly higher BMI and greater intensity of
depressive symptoms in BDI and HDRS. Females scored higher in anxious and depressive, while males in
hyperthymic, cyclothymic and irritable temperaments. Females scored higher in BDI (subjective
depression) while males in HDRS (objective depression).
Limitations: TEMPS-A, BDI and HDRS are frequently used in studies on affective disorders. However,
these methods do not examine all dimensions of mood and personality.
Conclusions: In obese patients S allele of 5-HTTLPR was associated with development of depressive
temperament while L allele corresponded with greater obesity and prevalence of depression. Different
mechanisms may be involved in manifestation of depression in males and females with obesity