Properties improvement of poly(o-methoxyaniline) based supercapacitors : experimental and theoretical behaviour study of self-doping effect

The support of this research by FAPESP (2011/10897-2, 2013/07296-2), CsF-PVE (99999.007708/2015-07), CAPES and CNPq is gratefully acknowledged. We also thank the University of Aberdeen for providing computational time on MaxwellPeer reviewedPostprin

Intergovernmental Relations in Scotland: what was the SNP effect?

In Scotland, the formation of a minority government in 2007 by the Scottish National Party (SNP) provided the potential for profound changes in intergovernmental relations. This followed eight years of a Scottish Labour-led coalition government characterised by a low-key and informal relationship with the UK Labour government. From 1999 to 2007, discussions were conducted informally and almost entirely through political parties and executives (ministers and civil servants). Although formal mechanisms for negotiation and dispute resolution existed-including the courts, concordats and Joint Ministerial Committees-they were used rarely. The Scottish Executive also played a minimal role in EU policy-making. Yet, an ‘explosive' new era of relations between the Scottish and UK governments did not arrive in tandem with the new era of party incongruence. The aim of this article is to explore these issues by asking two main questions: why were formal mechanisms used so rarely from 1999 to 2007, and what factors produced muted rather than problematic IGR in the third parliamentary session, between 2007 and 2011

Antibody Production in Tolerant Rabbits to Mouse Lymphoma L-5178

IT was shown by Levi et al. (1959) that antiserum to Ehrlich's ascites tumour, produced in rabbits which had been pre-treated during the neonatal period with injections of normal C3H mouse tissue homogenate, was more effective in protecting mice against this tumour than was antiserum produced in normal control rabbits. Working with human myelogenous leukaemia Garb, Stein and Sims (1962) demonstrated that precipitating antibodies against leukaemia cells could be produced in rabbits which had been similarly pre-treated with normal leucocytes. The following experiment was designed to show whether anti-L-5178 mouse lymphoma serum produced in rabbits pre-treated with normal DBA/2 mouse tissue, would have a cytotoxic effect against this mouse tumour in vitro and in addition show the properties of neutralization and protection in mice inoculated with this tumour. MATERIALS AND METHODS Mice.-The mouse strain used was the closely inbred DBA 2, which was the strain from which L-5178 tumour originated. These mice were obtained from the Laboratory Animals Centre, Carshalton, and maintained over the past year under their subcultivation scheme. This consisted essentially of mating mice only within their own generation and not keeping the colony for experimental use for more than 3 generations. Rabbits. Newborn rabbits were divided into 3 groups designated as test, control and normal. Test rabbits were pre-treated in the neonatal stage with normal mouse antigen and later immunized with mouse tumour antigen. Control rabbits received no pre-treatment in the neonatal stage but were later immunized with mouse tumour antigen. Normal rabbits received neither pre-treatment nor immunization and were used solely as a source of normal rabbit serum. Mouse lymphoma L-5178.-This tumour is a lymphocytic neoplasm originating in 1952 in the thymus of a DBA/2 mouse treated with methylcholanthrene a

Advocacy in the tail: Exploring the implications of ‘climategate’ for science journalism and public debate in the digital age

This paper explores the evolving practices of science journalism and public debate in the digital age. The vehicle for this study is the release of digitally stored email correspondence, data and documents from the Climatic Research Unit at the University of East Anglia in the weeks immediately prior to the United Nations Copenhagen Summit (COP-15) in December 2009. Described using the journalistic shorthand of ‘climategate’, and initially promoted through socio-technical networks of bloggers, this episode became a global news story and the subject of several formal reviews. ‘Climategate’ illustrates that media literate critics of anthropogenic explanations of climate change used digital tools to support their cause, making visible selected, newsworthy aspects of scientific information and the practices of scientists. In conclusion, I argue that ‘climategate’ may have profound implications for the production and distribution of science news, and how climate science is represented and debated in the digitally-mediated public sphere

La Teoría de la Asignación Categorial Sobre el Pensamiento Analógico: un Desafío a la Teoría de la Proyección de Estructura

The dominant theory of analogical thinking since the 1980s is the structure mapping theory. In this paper, a new theory about reasoning by analogy is presented: the category assignment theory. It is argued that this theory is able to explain better than the first how a specific type of analogies are interpreted and evaluated, namely, those in which the facts compared constitute examples of a schema-governed category. The arguments presented are accompanied by brief descriptions of the studies that provided support for the new theory. The responses of the structure-mapping theory to the objections raised by the category proposal are discussed.La teoría dominante sobre el pensamiento analógico desde los 80 hasta la actualidad es la teoría de proyección de estructura. En este trabajo se presenta una nueva teoría sobre el razonamiento por analogía: la teoría de la asignación categorial. Se argumenta que esta teoría es capaz de explicar mejor que la primera cómo se interpretan y evalúan un tipo específico de analogías, a saber, aquellas en las que los hechos comparados constituyen ejemplares de una categoría relacional de esquema. Los argumentos presentados son acompañados por breves descripciones de los estudios que brindan apoyo a la nueva teoría. Se discuten las respuestas de la teoría de proyección de estructura a las objeciones formuladas por la teoría de la asignación categorial

La comprensión de metáforas no requiere realizar simulaciones sensorio-motoras del dominio base

Existe evidencia de que las personas empleamos metáforasconceptuales (MCs) para interpretar expresiones metafóricas(EMs), aunque los datos disponibles con respecto a si lacomprensión de éstas EMs requiere simulaciones sensoriomotorasde los dominios base de esas MCs es escasa yequívoca. Se llevó a cabo un experimento para determinarsi dichas simulaciones sensorio-motoras son necesarias oenriquecen al menos la comprensión de EMs. Videntes yno videntes de nacimiento parafrasearon EMs novedosasderivadas de la MC ver-comprender. El nivel de comprensiónalcanzado fue evaluado por jueces independientes. Losno videntes de nacimiento mostraron una muy buenacomprensión de estas EMs y su rendimiento en esta tarea no fue inferior a la de los videntes. Se concluye quelas simulaciones sensorio-motoras no son necesarias nienriquecen la comprensión de EMs y que las MCs amodalesresultan suficientes para la tarea. Se discuten las implicacionesde los resultados obtenidos para el enfoque corporeizadode la teoría de metáfora conceptual de Lakoff y Johnson