Inhibicija aktivnosti acetilkolinesteraze u zemaljskog jednakonošca Porcellio scaber kao mogući pokazatelj prisutnosti organofosfornih spojeva u hrani

This paper describes the toxicity of organophosphorus pesticide diazinon in juvenile and adult terrestrial isopods Porcellio scaber (Isopoda, Crustacea). The woodlice were exposed to different concentrations of diazinon added to food (5, 10, 50, and 100 or 150 µg/g dry food). Weight change and food assimilation efficiency were determined two and four weeks after the exposure. The activity of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) in surviving animals was measured at the end of the experiment. The results show that woodlice exposed to diazinon do not significantly differ from controls in growth and feeding rate. The reduction of AChE activity was observed at the lowest diazinon exposure (5 and 10 µg/g dry food). These results suggest that AChE activity might prove a useful biomarker, indicating low levels of organophosphates in food.Autori su istraživali toksičnost organofosfornog pesticida diazinona za nezrele i odrasle forme zemaljskog jednakonošca Porcellio scaber. Kukci su eksponirani različitim koncentracijama diazinona dodanog lišću od lijeske, hrani kojom se ti kukci hrane. Kontrolna skupina hranjena je jednakom hranom bez dodatka diazinona. Primijenjene koncentracije diazinona bile su 5, 10, 50 i 100 ili 150 µg/g suhog lista. Autori su mjerili promjenu tjelesne težine i učinak asimilirane hrane, i to nakon 2 i 4 tjedna trajanja ekspozicije. Na kraju pokusa u preživjelih kukaca mjerili su aktivnost acetilkolinesteraze Ellmanovom metodom. Rezultati su pokazali da se kukci eksponirani diazinonu ne razlikuju značajno od kontrolne skupine u pogledu rasta i hranjenja. Aktivnost acetilkolinesteraze, međutim, bila je smanjena već u kukaca eksponiranih najnižim koncentracijama diazinona (5 i 10 µg/g suhe hrane). Ovi rezultati upućuju na to da bi aktivnost acetilkolinesteraze u zemaljskih jednakonožaca mogla biti dobar biološki pokazatelj ekspozicije organofosfornim spojevima u hrani

Primerjava kliničnega izida vstavitve totalne endoproteze kolka preko anteriornega in lateralnega pristopa: sistematični pregled z metaanalizo

Izhodišča: Totalna endoproteza kolka velja za enega najuspešnejših posegov v ortopedski kirurgiji. Pomemben dejavnik vpliva na izid je izbira kirurškega pristopa. Trenutno je v svetu najbolj razširjen stranski pristop, v zadnjem času pa postaja zaradi manj poškodb mehkih tkiv vse bolj priljubljen sprednji pristop. Metode: V sistemski pregled smo vključili randomizirane kontrolirane raziskave iz podatkovnih baz PubMed in Cochrane Library ter raziskave, prijavljene pri Clinical Trials. Iskanje smo opravili decembra 2019. Zabeležili smo podatek o državi, velikosti vzorca, posegu, izidu in času spremljanja. Metaanalizo smo opravili s programom Review Manager 5.3. Rezultati: V metaanalizo smo vključili 7 randomiziranih kontroliranih raziskav s 723 preiskovanci. Med sprednjim in stranskim pristopom totalne endoproteze kolka ni razlik v funkcionalnem stanju, vrednotenem po Harrisu ob koncu spremljanja, v oceni bolečine po vizualni analogni lestvici tako v zgodnjem kot poznem obdobju po operaciji, v izgubi krvi, v potrebi po transfuziji, v trajanju bolnišnične oskrbe in v pojavnosti zapletov med operacijo in po njej. Zaključki: Primerjava sprednjega in stranskega pristopa kaže, da med pristopoma ni statistično pomembnih razlik v funkcionalnem stanju ob koncu spremljanja, v oceni bolečine tako v zgodnjem kot poznem obdobju po operaciji, v izgubi krvi, v potrebi po transfuziji, v trajanju bolnišnične oskrbe in v pojavnosti zapletov med operacijo in po njej. Trenutno ne poteka nobena randomizirana kontrolirana raziskava, ki bi primerjala izid sprednjega in stranskega pristopa z natančno zastavljenim protokolom spremljanja

Stability and Toxicity of Selected Chlorinated Benzophenone-type UV Filters in Waters

In our study, the transformation of two most widely used UV filters, benzophenone-3 (BP3) and benzophenone-4 (BP4), in chlorinated water with disinfection reagents sodium hypochlorite (NaClO) and trichloroisocyanuric acid (TCCA) was studied. Based on the HPLC/MS and UV-Vis analysis the formation of two different chlorinated products (5-chloro-2-hydroxy-4-methoxybenzophenone and 3,5-dichloro-2-hydroxy-4-methoxybenzophenone) was established. Identity of chlorinated products was confirmed by means of comparison of retention times with independently synthesized standards. Photostability study showed that dichloro-derivative in water is less stable then parent compounds, which is not the case for monochloro-derivatives. Toxicity of chlorinated compounds tested by Vibrio fischeri was found to be in the same range as that of the starting compounds. Preliminary testing of real water samples from swimming pools and sea swimming areas confirmed the presence of BP3 and its 3,5-dichloro derivative

Stability and toxicity of selected chlorinated benzophenone-type UV filters in waters

Stability and toxicity of selected chlorinated benzophenone-type UV filters in water

Određivanje antocijanina i hidroksicinamske kiseline te njihova količina u različitim vrstama trešnje Prunus avium L. iz Nove Gorice (Slovenija)

The anthocyanins and hydroxycinnamic acids in 5 cultivars of dark coloured sweet cherries were characterised and quantified by means of HPLC and UV-VIS spectrophotometry. Phenolic components were extracted with pure methanol, without addition of acid and water. The samples were diluted in the mixture of methanol and formic acid just before the injection on the column and separated on Hypersil PEP 300 C18 chromatographic column using gradient solvent system consisting of formic acid, water and methanol. DAD detector was employed and two wavelengths were chosen for determination of different components; 320 nm for hydroxycinnamates and 520 nm for anthocyanins. We detected the presence of cyanidin-3-glucoside and cyanidin-3-rutinoside as major anthocyanins, while pelargonidin-3 rutinoside was identified among minor pigments. The major hydroxycinnamic acids were characterised as neochlorogenic acid and 3\u27-p-coumaroylquinic acid. Total anthocyanin content (expressed as cyanidin-3-glucoside) ranged from 29 to 62 mg/100 g of pitted cherry fresh weight (FW), with the highest content observed in Petrovka, a local cultivar. Concentrations of neochlorogenic acid and 3’-p coumaroylquinic acid ranged from 19.5 to 53.0 mg/100 g FW and from 7.5 to 50.6 mg/100 g FW, respectively. The relative amounts of these two phenolic acids varied widely between the cherry cultivars examined in this study.Antocijanini i hidroksicinamske kiseline određeni su i utvrđena je njihova količina HPLC- i UV-VIS-spektrofotometrijom u pet vrsta tamnocrvenih trešanja. Fenolni spojevi ekstrahirani su čistim etanolom bez dodatka kiseline i vode. Uzorci su bili razrijeđeni smjesom metanola i mravlje kiseline neposredno prije injekcije. Na kromatografskoj koloni Hypersil PEP 300 C18 razdvojeni su uzorci korištenjem gradijenta sustava otapala od mravlje kiseline, vode i metanola. Da bi se odredili pojedini sastojci, primijenjen je DAD-detektor i dvije valne duljine, i to: 320 nm za hidroksicinamate i 520 nm za antocijanine. Kao glavni sastojak antocijanina utvr|ena je prisutnost cijanidin-3-glukozida i cijanidin-3-rutinozida, dok je utvrđena manja količina pelargonidina-3-rutinozida. Glavne hidroksicinamske kiseline bile su neoklorogenska i 3´-p-kumaroil-kinska kiselina. Ukupni udjel antocijanina (izražen kao cijanidin-3-glukozid) iznosio je od 29 do 62 mg / 100 g mase svježih plodova bez koštica pri čemu je najveću vrijednost imala vrsta Petrovka. Koncentracija neoklorogenske kiseline iznosila je od 19,5 do 53,0 mg / 100 g svježih trešanja bez koštica, a 3´-p-kumaroil- kinske kiseline 7,5–50,6 mg / 100 g. Relativne količine tih dviju fenolnih kiselina znatno su se razlikovale među pojedinim ispitivanim vrstama trešanja

Supplementary data for the article: Grbović, G.; Malev, O.; Dolenc, D.; Klobučar, R. S.; Cvetković, Z.; Cvetković, B.; Jovančicévić, B.; Trebše, P. Synthesis, Characterisation and Aquatic Ecotoxicity of the UV Filter Hexyl 2-(4-Diethylamino-2-Hydroxybenzoyl)Benzoate (DHHB) and Its Chlorinated by-Products. Environmental Chemistry 2016, 13 (1), 119–126. https://doi.org/10.1071/EN15013

Supplementary material for: [https://doi.org/10.1071/EN15013]Related to published version: [http://cherry.chem.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/2020