La presencia Bárcida en la Península Ibérica: Estado y Perspectivas de su investigación.

In this paper the purpose is to create a state of the issue that analyzes the Carthaginian intervention in the Iberian Peninsula since the arrival of Hamilcar Barca to Gadir in 237 B.C. until their expulsion by Rome in 206 B.C. Special emphasis is placed on the different political, economic and social change, focusing on the problems in order to generate a outlook for future research.En el presente trabajo se plantea un estado de la cuestión que analiza la intervención cartaginesa en la Península Ibérica desde la llegada de Amílcar Barca a Gadir en el 237 a.C. hasta su expulsión por Roma en el 206 a.C. Se hace especial énfasis en los distintos cambios políticos, económicos y sociales, abordando las problemáticas con el objeto de generar unas perspectivas de investigación futuras.Páginas 5

Modelling of Roman-period property surveyor actions in HISPANIA

The literary works produced by the Roman Land Surveyors, also known as agrimensores, provide valuable insight into the management and demarcation of rural properties in the Roman world. Through these sources, we gain an understanding of how farms were partitioned and the elements employed to establish their boundaries. However, due to the general nature of the information, it is often difficult to apply it to modern-day archaeological studies, as we are typically only aware of the primary country house, such as the pars urbana in a villa. Nowadays, we have tools such as Geographic Information Systems (GIS) that allow us to approximate how could be the territory and its cadastre. In this article, we propose a methodology to combine Roman documentary evidence regarding land surveying, and tools to delimitate territoria in ancient sources, with geographic space, establishing a theoretical model on how to delimit estates in order to allow us to know their fundi. For this purpose, we use a case study in the Alto Alentejo (Portugal), a unique region where there is a high density of Roman villae, but whose settlement structure is not well known, and which could be part of a prefecture of the capital of Lusitania province Colonia Augusta Emerita. The proposed model allows us to visually see and relate the criteria applied by surveyors, like delimitation by streams or high elevations. This model translates the ancient knowledge to actual geography to propose boundaries, so we can discuss questions such as the possibility of secondary settlement as settlers or independent landowners or the potential areas of saltus

Conditions for Vine Cultivation in Roman Times through the Columella and GIS

El viñedo requiere de unas características edafológicas y de localización para su cultivo, cosa que, en época Antigua, conocemos gracias a los agrónomos latinos como Lucio Junio Moderato Columela. En estas obras encontramos referencias a las diversas tipologías de suelos, pendiente y orientación, así como los criterios preferentes para la elección del lugar de cultivo. En este artículo se compara el conocimiento antiguo con las Ciencias de la Tierra actuales, utilizando como puente de unión los Sistemas de Información Geográfica. Además, expresamos un caso de estudio con una lectura precisa de las fuentes clásicas, especialmente Columela y su interrelación, con el objeto de poder modelar un territorio, la colonia de Hasta Regia (Provincia Ulterior Baetica) y las condiciones de esta producción agrícola. Este artículo propone un modelo SIG sobre la viticultura antigua y una correlación entre fuentes escritas y condicionantes geográficos actuales, parámetros necesarios para este modelo y futuros estudios.For crop vineyards it is requires an edaphological and location characteristics. In Ancient Times we knew their through the latin agronomists like Lucio Junio Moderato Columela. In these books, we found references about the soil, slope and orientation classification typologies as main conditions for choose the cultivation place. We compare the ancient knowledge with actual soil sciences, using for integrate them the Geographical Information Systems. In this paper, we propose a careful reading of ancient sources, especially Columella, applied in a study case the Hasta Regia colony (Baetic province) for modelling the territory and agricultural production conditions. The article seek to propose a GIS model about ancient viticulture with the correlation between written sources and actual geographical conditions, both needed parameter for the model and future studies

Marcus Terentius Varro and his Agronomic Writing about Hispania

La obra agronómica de Marco Terencio Varrón es un referente para conocer como fue la agricultura y ganadería romana del cambio de era. Aunque conocemos mucho de su vida, de su profusa obra solo nos ha quedado De Re Rustica y De Lingua Latina. Sabemos también que ocupó importantes cargos militares en las guerras civiles en Hispania, a la que dedica bastantes pasajes específicos. En este artículo se analizan estas referencias ya que existen aparentes contradicciones en las citas dadas, siendo nuestra hipótesis principal que Varrón describe otras prácticas agropecuarias distintas de las romanas, que no habían sido contrastadas arqueológicamente, fundamentalmente porque se refieren al sur peninsular, provenientes de influencia turdetana u origen fenicio púnico. The agronomic work of Marcus Terentius Varro is a point of reference for understanding Roman agriculture and animal husbandry at the turn of the era. Although we know a great deal about his life, of his profuse work we only have De Re Rustica and De Lingua Latina. We also know that he held important military posts in the civil wars in Hispania, to which he devotes many specific passages. In this article we will analyze these references as there are apparent contradictions in the quotations given, our main hypothesis being that Varro describes farming practices other than Roman ones, which had not been archaeologically verified, mainly because they refer to the south of the peninsula, coming from a Turdetanian influence or Phoenician-Punic origin

PERSPECTIVES ABOUT THE ANALYSIS OF ROMAN VITICULTURE IN GUADALQUIVIR ESTUARY.

The analysis of roman agriculture in the ancient stuary of Guadalquivir river, specially about viticulture, require a previous studies for determinate which could be the better places to plant vineyard, because of we don't know by the arqueology. Using a Geographical Information System (GIS) and the literary information of Columella, it is possible to do an approach to this knowledge, in the territory of Hasta Regia colony

Sobre la deductio colonial de Hasta Regia

The Hasta Regia colony, located in the southwest of Iberian Peninsula, the ancient Ulterior Baetica province, was one of Caesar or Augustean foundation known by plenty of literary sources but without research about their creation or historical evolution. In this paper, we analyse and debate the literary and archaeological sources, with a closer look to epigraphy, because it has relevant data to propose hypotheses about the time of a first Pompeian or Cesarean deductio and the possible existence of a second in the 2nd century AD.La colonia Hasta Regia, situada en el suroeste de la Península Ibérica, en la provincia Ulterior Baetica, fue una de las fundaciones cesaro-augusteas menos conocidas, a pesar de disponer de múltiples referencias literarias, adolece de información relativa a su fundación o su evolución histórica. En este artículo se exponen y debaten las principales fuentes literarias y arqueológicas, así como la lectura atenta de la epigrafía, que aporta datos relevantes para plantear hipótesis sobre el momento de una primera deductio pompeyana o cesariana y la posible existencia de una segunda en el siglo II d.C

La viticultura romana en hasta regia y el estuario del guadalquivir. Las prácticas de cultivo, producción y distribución marítima, y su potencial transferencia al actual marco del jerez

En esta investigación se analiza la producción vitivinícola romana en el territorio de Hasta Regia durante el siglo I d.C. como un singular espacio dentro de la provincia Ulterior Baetica. Se tratan cuestiones relativas a la contextualización territorial de la colonia, desde los parámetros de la deductio hasta el patrón de poblamiento rural villático, todo ello para tener un marco sobre el que poder desarrollar los indicadores de producción de uva y transformación en productos vitícolas, así como comprender el transporte y abastecimiento de los mismos. El principal objetivo es proponer un modelo territorial y económico basado en los Sistemas de Información Geográfica (SIG) que permita conocer la posible importancia de la zona como un espacio preferente de producción vitivinícola.This research analyses the Roman wine production in the territory of Hasta Regia during the 1st century A.D. as a singular space within the province of Ulterior Baetica. Issues related to the territorial contextualization of the colony are dealt with, from the parameters of the deductio to the pattern of rural village settlement, all this to have a framework on which to develop the indicators of grape production and transformation into viticultural products, as well as how to understand the transport and supply of them. The main objective of this is to propose a territorial and economic model based on Geographic Information Systems (GIS) that allows to know the possible importance of the area as a preferred wine production space

Studying the Water Supply System of the Roman Villa of Pisões (Beja, Portugal) Using Ground-Penetrating Radar and Geospatial Methods

The Roman villa of Pisões (Beja, Portugal) was part of the Lusitanian colony of Pax Iulia. This place stands out for the predominance of the water element in several structures of the villa, highlighting the balneum and the large natatio, one of the largest known in Roman Hispania. The records of the initial excavations that took place beginning in 1967 do not allow the establishment of clear functionalities of the villa. The University of Évora, the owner of the site, conceived an action plan for the requalification and enhancement of the archaeological site. One of the tasks aims to investigate the site using applied geophysics. This work analyses the landscape directly related to the villa, given that it is in the flooded area of a river with a Roman containment dam. It is uncertain whether the water supply comes from this structure or other nearby springs. The use of ground-penetrating radar, combined with unmanned aerial vehicles, all integrated in a geographic information system, allows us to determine the location of underground water connections and create a topographic model with high resolution. Considering all the information, we propose a model for water transport inside the villa and estimate the location of the water supply

Aplicación de GPR para la reconstitución de niveles constructivos del poblado proto-histórico de Villasviejas del Tamuja (Cáceres)

In this chapter, we present the results of Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR) survey carried out in Villasviejas del Tamuja, to complement the geophysical information already available in the project. To know with greater certainty the type of buried archaeological structures, a data collection methodology was used that allows processing intending to produce three-dimensional models of the subsoil. A total of 6 areas have been made peripheral to the two main enclosures of which the site is composed and where other surveys had previously been carried out using techniques such as magnetics. The team from the University of Évora used a 400 Mhz GPR GSSI prospecting approximately 2400 m2. This is a project carried out with a mesh but georeferenced with precision GPS. The three-dimensional models obtained identify the existence of different relevant reflectors in the subsoil at an approximate depth of 2.5 m. The lateral continuities revealed by some of these reflectors suggest that the archaeological structures that we interpret correspond to different types of well-preserved buildings. Together with these reflectors, we can see a diversity of other alterations with a poorly defined spatial distribution that we interpret must correspond to ancient structures. The method and equipment analysed, as well as the analysis of the different reflections detected, are described to give some interpretative guidelines based on the results