Effects of Financial Inclusion on Poverty in WAEMU: Empirical Evidence Through the Channels of Income Inequality and Growth

In WAEMU, financial inclusion has been made a priority with the adoption in 2016 of the Regional Financial Inclusion Strategy. It constitutes a privileged instrument promoting the integration of the most disadvantaged social strata into the economic and social fabric of the Union. This paper examines the contribution of financial inclusion to poverty reduction. The study focuses on the eight WAEMU countries and covers the period 2008-2020. The results obtained by the method of triple least squares show that on the one hand financial inclusion reduces income inequality and subsequently reduces poverty and that on the other hand it does not affect economic growth. Robustness tests indicate that the overall rate of use of financial services reduces poverty both by increasing overall income and by reducing income inequality. These tests also show that for countries not plagued by terrorism, financial inclusion reduces poverty through reduced inequality and increased overall income. On the basis of these results, the paper formulates recommendations that could serve as a guideline for poverty reduction policies in WAEMU. Keywords: Financial inclusion, aggregate income, poverty DOI: 10.7176/JESD/14-13-01 Publication date:August 31st 202

QUARITE (quality of care, risk management and technology in obstetrics): a cluster-randomized trial of a multifaceted intervention to improve emergency obstetric care in Senegal and Mali

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Maternal and perinatal mortality are major problems for which progress in sub-Saharan Africa has been inadequate, even though childbirth services are available, even in the poorest countries. Reducing them is the aim of two of the main Millennium Development Goals. Many initiatives have been undertaken to remedy this situation, such as the Advances in Labour and Risk Management (ALARM) International Program, whose purpose is to improve the quality of obstetric services in low-income countries. However, few interventions have been evaluated, in this context, using rigorous methods for analyzing effectiveness in terms of health outcomes. The objective of this trial is to evaluate the effectiveness of the ALARM International Program (AIP) in reducing maternal mortality in referral hospitals in Senegal and Mali. Secondary goals include evaluation of the relationships between effectiveness and resource availability, service organization, medical practices, and satisfaction among health personnel.</p> <p>Methods/Design</p> <p>This is an international, multi-centre, controlled cluster-randomized trial of a complex intervention. The intervention is based on the concept of evidence-based practice and on a combination of two approaches aimed at improving the performance of health personnel: 1) Educational outreach visits; and 2) the implementation of facility-based maternal death reviews.</p> <p>The unit of intervention is the public health facility equipped with a functional operating room. On the basis of consent provided by hospital authorities, 46 centres out of 49 eligible were selected in Mali and Senegal. Using randomization stratified by country and by level of care, 23 centres will be allocated to the intervention group and 23 to the control group. The intervention will last two years. It will be preceded by a pre-intervention one-year period for baseline data collection. A continuous clinical data collection system has been set up in all participating centres. This, along with the inventory of resources and the satisfaction surveys administered to the health personnel, will allow us to measure results before, during, and after the intervention. The overall rate of maternal mortality measured in hospitals during the post-intervention period (Year 4) is the primary outcome. The evaluation will also include cost-effectiveness.</p> <p>Trial Registration</p> <p>The QUARITE trial is registered on the Current Controlled Trials website under the number ISRCTN46950658 <url>http://www.controlled-trials.com/</url>.</p

Stock identification: advancing in the knowledge of stock structure as a requirement for stock assessment

DEMERSTEM- Objectives of WP 1: -Improve the knowledge on the selected demersal stocks with a particular effort to solve the problems of stock identification and improvement of the quality of the data used for the assessment. -This follows the recommendations regularly made by CECAF.Peer reviewe

PEANUT IN MALI: AN ANALYSIS OF ACREAGE RESPONSE AND MARKETING PERFORMANCE

Peanuts were formerly Mali's principal export. The general purpose of this study is to analyze selected factors affecting Mali's ability to increase production and sales of peanuts. In specific terms the objectives of this study are: 1) to analyze factors affecting the supply of peanuts in Mali; 2) to analyze the current structure and conduct of the Malian peanut industry; and 3) to outline the principal ideas which may permit an evaluation of the efficiency of peanut price policy with respect to its impact on production, marketing, and export of this commodity

Les modalités nouvelles de la détention préventive en Haute-Volta : Contribution à la réforme du droit pénal et de la procédure pénale

NAThèse de doctorat -- UCL, 198

PEANUT IN MALI: AN ANALYSIS OF ACREAGE RESPONSE AND MARKETING PERFORMANCE

Peanuts were formerly Mali's principal export. The general purpose of this study is to analyze selected factors affecting Mali's ability to increase production and sales of peanuts. In specific terms the objectives of this study are: 1) to analyze factors affecting the supply of peanuts in Mali; 2) to analyze the current structure and conduct of the Malian peanut industry; and 3) to outline the principal ideas which may permit an evaluation of the efficiency of peanut price policy with respect to its impact on production, marketing, and export of this commodity.Crop Production/Industries,

Public policies promoting the informal economy: effects on incomes, employment and growth in Burkina Faso

This paper aims to analyze the impact on incomes, employment and growth, of public policies enhancing the access to capital and liquidity for the informal economy in Burkina Faso. Specifically it assesses the direct effects of these public policies on the informal economy outcomes, and the indirect effects on the formal sector, the agricultural sector as well as the economic growth. For that purpose, policy shocks are simulated through the PEP standard single-country and static Computable General Equilibrium (CGE) model adapted to the structure of the Social Accounting Matrix (SAM-2008) developed by the IFPRI for Burkina Faso. Our results show that a 10% increase in the stock of capital in the informal sector results in a paradoxical contraction of the informal sector and the formal sector while the agricultural sector expands. The employment rises in the informal sector whereas it drops in the formal sector. The incomes improve marginally for the own account workers and the farmers while it decrease for the public and private salaried workers. Finally the GDP at basic prices shrinks weakly. Likewise a 10% increase in public transfers for the informal households enhances only the incomes of the latter but causes an eviction effect on the public investment leading to negative spillovers on all the sectors, the incomes and the GDP

Les écoliers sur les sites d'orpaillage au Mali : une des niches de la déperdition scolaire

L'école au Mali traverse aujourd'hui une série de crises aux contours complexes et variés. Parmi ces crises, la vulnérabilité des jeunes sur les sites d'orpaillage apparaît comme une question cruciale. Nous avons souhaité dans cet article creuser la problématique du lien entre la présence des écoliers sur ces sites et la déperdition scolaire à travers une recherche menée dans la commune de Kéniéba, située à l'ouest du pays, où les enfants, bien que scolarisés, abandonnent l'école pour les activités aurifères. Nous avons voulu, en particulier, comprendre quels sont les facteurs qui président au maintien des écoliers sur les sites d'orpaillage plutôt qu'au suivi d'une scolarité régulière