10 research outputs found

    Isolement par partition bio guidĂ© du principe actif myostimulant de l’extrait aqueux de Mareya micrantha (Benth) Mull. Arg. (Euphorbiaceae)

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    Objectif: Isoler le principe actif myostimulant de l’extrait aqueux de Mareya micrantha (MAR) lors de sa partition dans diffĂ©rents solvants (70 % Ă©thanol / eau ; 50 % cyclohexane / eau et 50 % acĂ©tate d’éthyle / eau), en utilisant le duodĂ©num isolĂ© de lapin comme marqueur de l’activitĂ© pharmacologique, afin d’identifier la fraction possĂ©dant la meilleure activitĂ© myostimulante.MĂ©thodologie et rĂ©sultats: le dispositif d’enregistrement de l’activitĂ© mĂ©canique du duodĂ©num isolĂ© de lapin, a permis d’évaluer les propriĂ©tĂ©s pharmacologiques de MAR, des fractions ((hydro-alcoolique) F1, (cyclohexanique) F2, (aqueuse) F3, (acĂ©tate d’éthyle) F4 et (aqueuse) F5) et prĂ©cipitĂ© (P) obtenus par partition de MAR dans diffĂ©rents solvants (70 % Ă©thanol / eau ; 50 % cyclohexane / eau et 50 % acĂ©tate d’éthyle / eau). Les effets myostimulants de MAR diminuent fortement en milieu physiologique sans calcium et contenant de l’EDTA. Les fractions, hydro-alcoolique (F1), aqueuses (F3 ; F5), et le prĂ©cipitĂ© (P) obtenus par partition de MAR, stimulent l’activitĂ© contractile du duodĂ©num de lapin. La fraction acĂ©tate d’éthyle (F4) est myorelaxante, La F2 (cyclo-hexanique) est sans effet. L’étude dose rĂ©ponse de F5 Ă  des concentrations allant de 20 Ă  240 Ig. mL-1, montre qu’elle est 120 % plus spasmogĂšne que MAR. Ces effets inotropes positifs de F5 sont inhibĂ©s par l’atropine.Conclusion et application: Les principes actifs myostimulants de MAR augmenteraient l’amplitude des contractions du duodĂ©num isolĂ© de lapin en mobilisant principalement le calcium extracellulaire puis intracellulaire comme en tĂ©moigne le rĂ©sultat de l’expĂ©rience avec l’EDTA. La forte activitĂ© spasmogĂšne de la F5 et l’expĂ©rience avec l’atropine, suggĂšrent que la partition de MAR a enrichi la F5 en principe actifs myostimulants de nature cholinergique. Ces donnĂ©es indiquent que la partition peut contribuer Ă  isoler de maniĂšre significative les principes actifs des plantes mĂ©dicinales, y compris ceux de MAR aux propriĂ©tĂ©s myostimulantes, justifiant son utilisation comme laxatif.Mots clĂ©s: Mareya micrantha, fractions, myostimulant, AtropineEnglish AbstractObjective: To isolate the myostimulant active principle in Mareya micrantha (MAR) aqueous extract during its partition in different solvents (70% aqueous-ethanol, 50% aqueous-cyclohexane and 50% aqueous ethylacetate), while using the isolated rabbit duodenum as a pharmacological activity marker in order to identify the fraction having the best myostimulant activity.Methodology and results: The mechanical activity recording device of the isolated rabbit duodenum, allowed the assessment of the pharmacological properties of MAR, ((Hydro-alcoholic) F1, (cyclohexane) F2, (aqueous) F3, (ethylacetate) F4, (aqueous) F5) fractions and the precipitate (P) obtained by MAR partition in different solvents (70% aqueous-ethanol, 50% aqueous-cyclohexane and 50% aqueous-ethylacetate). The myostimulant effects of MAR decrease strongly in physiological environment without calcium and in presence of the EDTA. The Hydro-alcoholic (F1) and aqueous fractions (F3; F5), and the precipitate (P) stimulate the rabbit duodenum contractile activity. The ethylacetate fraction (F4) is myorelaxant; the cyclohexane fraction (F2) has no effect. The Dose-response study of F5 with concentrations ranging from 20 to 240-Ig. ml -1, shows that it is 120% more spasmogen than MAR. These inotropic positive effects of aqueous fraction (F5) are inhibited by atropine.Conclusion and application: The myostimulant active principles of MAR increased the amplitude of the contractions of the isolated rabbit duodenum by mainly mobilizing the extracellular calcium then the intracellular calcium as with EDTA. The high spasmogen activity of the aqueous fraction (F5) and the experiences with atropine suggest that this partition of MAR enriched the F5 in myostimulant active principles of cholinergic nature. These data indicate that the partition can significantly contribute to isolate the active principles from MAR with myostimulant properties, justifying its use as laxative.Keywords: Mareya micrantha, fractions, myostimulant, Atropin

    Clinical presentation, outcomes and factors associated with mortality: A prospective study from three COVID-19 referral care centres in West Africa

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    OBJECTIVES: The overall death toll from COVID-19 in Africa is reported to be low but there is little individual-level evidence on the severity of the disease. This study examined the clinical spectrum and outcome of patients monitored in COVID-19 care centres (CCCs) in two West-African countries. METHODS: Burkina Faso and Guinea set up referral CCCs to hospitalise all symptomatic SARS-CoV-2 carriers, regardless of the severity of their symptoms. Data collected from hospitalised patients by November 2020 are presented. RESULT: A total of 1,805 patients (64% men, median age 41 years) were admitted with COVID-19. Symptoms lasted for a median of 7 days (IQR 4-11). During hospitalisation, 443 (25%) had a SpO2 < 94% at least once, 237 (13%) received oxygen and 266 (15%) took corticosteroids. Mortality was 5% overall, and 1%, 5% and 14% in patients aged <40, 40-59 and ≄60 years, respectively. In multivariable analysis, the risk of death was higher in men (aOR 2.0, 95% CI 1.1; 3.6), people aged ≄60 years (aOR 2.9, 95% CI 1.7; 4.8) and those with chronic hypertension (aOR 2.1, 95% CI 1.2; 3.4). CONCLUSION: COVID-19 is as severe in Africa as elsewhere, and there must be more vigilance for common risk factors such as older age and hypertension

    La composante lente du courant potassique sortant du muscle squelettique de grenouille : sa dependance vis-a-vis du calcium intracellulaire

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    SIGLECNRS T Bordereau / INIST-CNRS - Institut de l'Information Scientifique et TechniqueFRFranc

    Acute and subacute toxicity assessment of an aqueous extract of Crotalaria retusa (Fabaceae) in Swiss mice and Wistar rats

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    The present study is a contribution to the enhancement of Ivorian traditional medicine, by carrying out bio-tolerance tests of an aqueous extract of the aerial parts of Crotalaria retusa (EACr) in mice and rats according to the guidelines of the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) 423 and 407, respectively. The doses of 2000 and 5000 mg/kg of body weight (BW) of the extract were used for acute toxicity. For subacute toxicity which lasted 28 days, doses of 500, 1000, and 2000 mg/kg BW have been used. The administration of the single doses of 2000 and 5000 mg/kg BW of EACr did not provoke death in female mice in the acute toxicity setting. For subacute toxicity in rats (male and female), the administration of repetitive doses of 500, 1000, and 2000 mg/kg BW of EACr over a period of 28 days did not cause death in these animals. In females, these doses caused weight loss and a decrease in platelets. The extract reduced the activity of AST in both sexes of rats. The findings also showed that this extract would possess a nephroprotective property in male and female rats. Keywords: Crotalaria retusa, Acute and subacute toxicities, Wistar rat, Swiss mic

    P16 Evaluation de l’effet hypotenseur de l’extrait aqueux d’écorces de tronc de Anacardium occidentale Linn (Anacardiaceae) chez le lapin

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    Introduction : Anacardium occidentale Linn. 1753 (Anacardiaceae) est une plante trĂšs utilisĂ©e en mĂ©decine traditionnelle en Afrique de l’Ouest pour le traitement de diverses pathologies, notamment cardiovasculaires. L’objectif de cette prĂ©sente Ă©tude est d’évaluer l’effet hypotenseur de l’extrait aqueux de Anacardium occidentale. MatĂ©riel et mĂ©thodes : Le matĂ©riel biologique de cette Ă©tude est constituĂ© d’écorces de tronc de Anacardium occidentale et de lapins de l’espĂšce Oryctolagus cuniculus (Leporideae) pesant en moyenne deux (2) kilogrammes. L’extrait aqueux d’écorces de tronc de Anacardium occidentale (ANO) est obtenu aprĂšs macĂ©ration dans deux (2) litres d’eau distillĂ©e de cinquante (50) grammes de poudre de plante. Le filtrat obtenu est Ă©vaporĂ© sous vide Ă  70°C grĂące Ă  un Ă©vaporateur Rotavapor de type "Bucchi" et lyophilisĂ©. L’enregistrement de la pression artĂ©rielle de lapin est effectuĂ© grĂące Ă  un manomĂštre de LUDWIG, comprenant un tube en U contenant du mercure dont l’un des cathĂ©ters est reliĂ© Ă  la carotide mise Ă  nu du lapin. Les variations de la pression carotidienne du lapin sont transmises Ă  la colonne de mercure et sont transcrites Ă  l’aide d’un stylet inscripteur, sur un cylindre recouvert de papier enduit de noir de fumĂ©e et tournant Ă  vitesse constante. RĂ©sultats et discussion : ANO, Ă  des doses comprises entre 2,5.10-4 g/kg P.C et 6,2.10-2 g/kg P.C., provoque une hypotension soutenue dose-dĂ©pendante semblable Ă  celle induite par l’acĂ©tylcholine de 5,6.10–7 Ă  5,5.10–4 g/kg de PC. Ces rĂ©sultats sont en accord avec ceux de TCHIKAYA et al. (2003) qui ont travaillĂ© dans les mĂȘmes conditions expĂ©rimentales sur le mĂȘme extrait aqueux. Ces effets pharmacologiques sont comparables Ă  ceux de l’acĂ©tylcholine, une substance hypotensive (FURCHGOTT et VANHOUTTE, 1989), dont l’atropine, antagoniste compĂ©titif des rĂ©cepteurs cholinergiques de type muscarinique (GEROVA et al., 2005), n’a pas d’effet important sur les propriĂ©tĂ©s hypotensives de ANO. Les substances hypotensives contenues dans cet extrait brut ne seraint donc pas des substances cholinomimĂ©tiques de type muscarinique. Les effets hypotenseurs de notre extrait aqueux Ă©tant totalement inhibĂ©s par la chlorpromazine, un antipsychotique (BORDET, 2004), ANO pourrait avoir une action centrale comme la clonidine et l’alpha-mĂ©tyldopa (DE CORT et al., 2004). De par ses effets sur le systĂšme nerveux central, cet extrait brut pourrait inhiber le systĂšme orthosympathique et provoquer chez l’animal entier c'est-Ă -dire chez le lapin une cardioinhibition et une vasodilatation induisant ainsi un effet hypotenseur. Cela justifierait ainsi l’utilisation de cette plante dans le traitement de l’hypertension artĂ©rielle

    Vasomodulatory effects and mass spectral analysis of <em>Bridelia ferruginea</em> Benth.

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    621-628Bridelia ferruginea Benth. (Fam. 'Euphorbiaceae) is known to possess potent anti-inflammatory activity. Here, we investigated its vasomodulatory effect, as anti-inflammatory therapy that beneficially impact the cardiovascular system. Extracts (Bf1, Bf-HA) and fraction (Bf2) of B. ferruginea (Bf), were prepared from the bark of Bf to study their vasomodulatory effect using rat aortic rings. The vasorelaxant effect of Bf1 and Bf2 was mediated by the activation of nitric oxide synthase/endothelial isoform (NOS3) as confirmed by EA.hy926 endothelial cells, real-time PCR and Western blotting. Mass spectral analysis of these extracts and fraction was performed to understand the profile of compounds present in them. Mass spectral analysis showed the presence of similar ions in both Bf1 and Bf2 while Bf-HA showed different patterns. Vasorelaxant effect of Bf1 and Bf2 in phenylephrine (PE) pre-contracted endothelium intact aortic rings was blocked significantly in the presence of both N-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME) or soluble guanylate cyclase inhibitor (1H-[1,2,4]oxadiazolo-[4,3-a]quinoxalin-1-one [ODQ]). However, cyclo-oxygenase (COX) inhibitor (indomethacin) did not exert any change. In contrast, Bf-HA significantly inhibited ACh-induced vasorelaxation, but had no effect on sodium nitroprusside (SNP)-mediated relaxation, thereby suggesting NOS inhibitory activity in the extract. Studies with Bf1 and Bf2 on EA.hy926 cells demonstrated NOS3 mediated nitric oxide (NO) generation. Purified fractions of Bf, thus possess vasorelaxant compounds, which remain to be identified

    Profil de sensibilité des souches de pneumocoques aux antibiotiques avant l’introduction du vaccin anti pneumococcique conjugué à treize valences (PCV-13) au Burkina Faso

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    Introduction: Streptococcus pneumoniae constitue un pathogène important des méningites bactériennes aiguës au Burkina Faso. Cela a justifié l’introduction du vaccin pneumococcique conjugué en Octobre 2013 dans le programme élargi de vaccination chez les enfants de moins d’un an. L’objectif de ce travail consiste à établir le profil de sensibilité aux antibiotiques des souches de S. pneumoniae isolées du liquide cérébro-spinal. Méthodologie: Du 1er Janvier 2010 au 30 Décembre 2012, 37 souches de pneumocoques ont été collectées du réseau national de surveillance de la méningite du pays. Ces souches, repiquées sur de la gélose au sang frais, ont été confirmées par le test de sensibilité à l’optochine. Le test de Quellung a déterminé les sérotypes de pneumocoques et l’antibiogramme a été réalisé selon la méthode de diffusion et interprété selon le standard « European Committee of antibiotics susceptibility testing. Résultats: Sur 37 isolats sérotypés, 77% appartenaient aux sérotypes vaccinaux. L’antibiogramme a révélé que 92% des souches sensibles à l’oxacilline, 97% à l’érythromycine et 73% à la clindamycine. Le cotrimoxazole a été actif dans 14% et la tétracycline seulement 5% des souches. Conclusion: La majorité des souches de pneumocoques isolée des méningites au Burkina Faso appartiennent aux sérotypes vaccinaux. Mots clés: Sensibilité; Antibiotiques; Pneumocoques; PCV-13 English Title: Profile of antibiotics susceptibility testing of pneumococcal strains before the introduction of the thirteen-valent conjugate pneumococcal vaccine (PCV-13) in Burkina Faso English Abstract&nbsp; Introduction: Streptococcus pneumoniae is an important pathogen of acute bacterial meningitis in Burkina Faso. This justify the introduction of the thirteen-valent pneumococcal vaccine in October 2013 in the expanded program of immunization in children under one year old. The aim of this work is to establish the antibiotics susceptibility testing profile of strains of S. pneumoniae isolated from cerebrospinal fluid. Methods: From January 1st, 2010 to December 30th, 2012, 37 strains of pneumococci were collected from the country's national meningitis surveillance network. These strains, subcultured on fresh blood agar, were confirmed by the optochin susceptibility testing. The Quellung test made it possible by determining the pneumococcal serotypes and the antibiogram carried out according to the diffusion method and interpreted according to the standard "European Committee of antibiotics susceptibility testing”. Results: Of the thirty-seven typed isolates, 77% belonged to the vaccine serotypes. Susceptibility to antibiotics reports 92% of strains susceptible to oxacillin, 97% to erythromycin and 73% to clindamycin. Cotrimoxazole was active in 14% and tetracycline only 5% of the strains. Conclusion: The majority of pneumococcal strains isolated from meningitis in Burkina Faso belong to vaccine serotypes. Keywords: Antibiotics; susceptibility testing; Pneumococci; PCV-1
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