Studies on Metal Chelates

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Epidemiologic Study of Fatal and Non-Fatal Poisoning Case in Pediatric, Around Jamnagar Region, Gujarat in India (January-December 2013)

Background: In spite of successful interventions and safety measures to prevent accidental poisoning in pediatric population, it contributes significantly to childhood morbidity and mortality.Methods: This Retrospective study comprising of 204 cases of poisoning was conducted during the period of a year, from 1st January 2013- 31st Dec 2013 at Forensic Medicine Department, Shri M. P. Shah Govt. College, Guru Gobindsinh Govt. hospital (GGG) Jamnagar.Results: The incidence of poisoning was more in age group of 2-3 year. Majority of victims were male as compared to females. The most common place of incidence of poisoning was home followed by playground. Most common route of poisoning was oral followed by poisonous animal bites and sting. All poisoning cases were accidental in nature. No suicidal or homicidal case was found in our study. Poisoning cases were more common in the months of April and October than in the rest of the months. The most common agent involved in pediatric poisoning was kerosene.Conclusion: Based on observation most of the cases were accidental poisoning in young children so precaution like proper storage and proper disposal of chemicals and parental awareness regarding these issues could sufficiently reduce the prevalence of poisoning among children

Serological Investigation of Bovine Brucellosis, Johne’s Disease and Infectious Bovine Rhinotracheitis in Two States of India

In the present study, serological diagnosis of brucellosis, Johne’s Disease (JD) and infectious bovine rhinotracheitis (IBR) was carried out in the states of Gujarat and Andhra Pradesh of India. Apparent prevalence of brucellosis was 7.57 % (true prevalence, 5.66%) in Gujarat and 12.27 % (true prevalence, 10.60%) in Andhra Pradesh. For JD apparent prevalence in Gujarat and Andhra Pradesh was 13.39% (true prevalence, 15.68%) and 16.26% (true prevalence, 19.31%) respectively. Apparent prevalence of IBR was found to be 23.94% (true prevalence, 18.20%) and 26.49% (true prevalence, 21.03%) in Gujarat and Andhra Pradesh respectively. The results of the study revealed that these diseases are highly prevalent in both the states; hence, there is an urgent need for adopting suitable control measures

Spontaneous Fluorosis in Indian Buffaloes

The present study envisaged the appraisal of occurrence of spontaneous fluorosis in buffaloes in 15 villages of Kunkavav, Lathi and Liliya talukas of Amreli district of Gujarat, India. A total of 731 buffaloes were examined in three talukas of Amreli districts. A total of 45 fodder samples, three from each selected villages were collected. Fluoride content of fodder in Kunkavav, Lathi and Liliya taluka was 6.10, 19.28 and 19.74 ppm, respectively. These values were significantly (P<0.05) higher as compared to control (2.32 ppm). The overall prevalence of dental lesions in buffaloes was 31.4, 48.6 and 55.4 percent in Kunkavav, Lathi and Liliya taluka, respectively. A direct correlation between prevalence of dental lesions and fluoride content in fodder was noted. Sex-wise analyses revealed that 33.3% males and 46.6% females had dental lesions. Animals above three years of age were comparatively more susceptible. It might be concluded that fluoride level of 4.76 ppm in fodder samples could produce characteristic dental lesions in animals

A comparative evaluation of avidin-biotin ELISA and micro SNT for detection of antibodies to infectious bovine rhinotracheitis in cattle population of Odisha, India

Aim: The present study was undertaken to serologically detect Infectious Bovine Rhinotracheitis (IBR) in the cattle population of Odisha, India using micro-Serum neutralization test (micro SNT) and Avidin-Biotin Enzyme linked immuno sorbent assay (AB ELISA) and finding out their comparative efficacy to serve as a suitable diagnostic tool in field condition. Materials and Methods: The study was carried out using serum samples (n=180) collected randomly from cattle populations of nine districts of Odisha. Similarly vaginal swabs (n=26) from cattle having history of repeat breeding, abortion, vulvo-vaginitis and nasal swabs (n=8) from calves with respiratory symptoms and nasal discharge were collected aseptically, to ascertain the circulation of virus among the cattle population. Results: Virus isolation by cell culture and subsequent confirmation by polymerase chain reaction confirmed four isolates. Screening of serum samples revealed 9.44% and 12.22% samples positive for IBR antibodies in micro SNT and AB ELISA respectively. The sensitivity and specificity of AB ELISA test was found to be 88.23% and 95.70% respectively taking micro SNT as gold standard and the kappa value between the two tests was 0.75. Conclusion: Screening of serum samples revealed 9.44% and 12.22% samples positive for IBR antibodies in micro SNT and AB ELISA respectively, thus highlighting the circulation of virus among the livestock population of Odisha and that AB ELISA could be more efficiently applied for the sero-diagnosis of IBR virus infections at field conditions, with demand for more study on faster, efficient and large scale screening of the infected animals

Use of Bactec MGIT 960 ParaTB system for the diagnosis of bovine paratuberculosis

In the present study, Bactec MGIT 960 ParaTB system, a liquid culture system has been used to culture the Mycobacterium avium paratuberculosis (Map). Faecal, milk and serum samples were collected in separate sterile containers from 20 milking crossbred cows, aged above 4 years with a history of chronic diarrhea, weak body condition and weight loss. Five (25.0%, 5/20) animals reacted positively to single intra-dermal Johnin test. Four (20.0%, 4/20) samples each of serum and milk were positive by ELISA. The positive milk and serum samples belonged to the same individuals. Direct PCR could not detect Map DNA in any of the faeces/milk samples. However, 1 out of 20 faecal samples was tagged positive in system on day 19 post culture. Z-N staining, conventional IS900 PCR and real-time PCR confirmed these to be Map

Evaluation of lateral flow assay as a field test for sero-diagnosis of bovine brucellosis

Indirect-ELISA offers a significant advantage over conventional serological methods in the diagnosis of brucellosis in endemic geographical region. Considering iELISA as a gold standard test, RBPT was more sensitive than LFA and the concordance of iELISA with LFA was comparable. The Lateral flow assay is a rapid point-of - care diagnostic test which makes it ideal for use in resource pour countries. It is an immuno-assay and is used also for diagnosis of bovine brucellosis. It is a highly sensitive and specific test which does not require expensive equipment, electricity and or refrigeration or special training. The LFA has shown good PPV (positive predictive value) and NPV (negative predictive value) greater than RBPT in the current study suggest that the test is a simple, cost-effective and rapid that provides accurate detection of antibodies to B. abortus in bovine serum samples, thereby saving time and eliminating the need for special training. It could be used conveniently on the field even in farms located in remote areas. However, evaluation on large sample size would be required for future use. Hence, looking to the results obtained in the present study and by other workers, it is recommended that this rapid test can therefore be practically implemented in serological screening for bovine brucellosis, although evaluation on a larger scale with various sera, and blood samples is still necessary