The Vietnamese shrimp trade: livelihoods analysis of stakeholders and market chain analysis

Aquaculture and capture fisheries in Vietnam have been increasing fast in the last decade, especially aquaculture growth rate is 12% for the 1999 – 2003 period, contributing a significant part into the hunger eradication and poverty reduction1. Vietnam is to be ranked into one of the countries potential to produce the aquatic economic in the world, and the fact is that, after 40 years of establishing, the fisheries sector has made remarkable contributions to the country. By the list, at the moment the aquatic products make up about 4 - 5% of GDP and create job opportunities for over 3 three million employees (VASEP, 2004), in which the largest contribution is from shrimp farming. [PDF contains 124 pages.

POLLUTION OF GROUNDWATER BY LEACHATE FROM DONG THANH LANDFILL DISPOSAL SITE

Joint Research on Environmental Science and Technology for the Eart

Multi-tool formaldehyde measurement in simulated and real atmospheres for indoor air survey and concentration change monitoring

International audienceFormaldehyde is of particular health concern since it is carcinogenic for human and ubiquitous in indoor air where people spend most of their time. Therefore, it is important to have suitable methods and techniques to measure its content in indoor air. In the present work, four different techniques have been tested in the INERIS exposure chamber and in indoor environments in comparison to a standard active method: passive sampling method based on the reaction of 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine with formaldehyde, two on-line continuous monitoring systems based on fluorescence and UV measurements and a portable commercialised analyser based on electrochemical titration. Two formaldehyde concentrations, about 10 and 25 μg m−3 were generated in an exposure chamber under controlled conditions of temperature, relative humidity, and wind speed to simulate real conditions and assess potential influence on passive sampling and continuous systems response. Influence of sampling periods on passive sampling has also been evaluated. The real atmosphere experiments have been performed in four different indoor environments: an office, a furniture shop, a shopping mall, and residential dwellings in which several potential formaldehyde sources linked to household activities have been tested. The analytical and sampling problems associated with each measurement method have been identified and discussed. An overall agreement between each technique has been observed and continuous analyzers allowed for formaldehyde concentrations change monitoring and secondary formation of that pollutant observation

Levels of rna for TNF-α and receptors during the prereplicative period of liver regeneration

During the prereplicative period of liver regeneration the changes of the tnRNA contents for tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and its receptors were examined in total liver RNA with the help of reverse transcriptase-polymera.se chain reaction (RT-PCR) and compared with those after sham operation or stimulation with lipopolysaccharide (LPS). In regenerating liver all the changes are nearly synchronous with a slight delay (or the TNF receptor RNAs. The mRNA levels reach their maximum at 1–3 h after operation and exceed the values for intact animals about ten-fold. The corresponding changes induced by sham operation are quantitatively less than those in the regenerating liver and manifest themselves at the end of the prereplicative period. LPS stimulation induced an increase of TNF-α and TNF receptor production comparable with during regeneration. Analysis of the expression of the 55 kDa TNF receptor revealed qualitative changes, e. g. an increased polyadenylation and an imbalance between the amplification of the whole molecule and its 5'-terminal half pointing to as yet unidentified changes at the 3' end of the molecule.Протягом пререплікативного періоду регенерації печінки спостерігалися зміни, вмісту мРНК фактора некроза пухлини (TNF-α) i його рецепторів у сумарній РНК печінки за допомогою зворотної транскрипції та полімеразної ланцюгової реакції. Для порівняння ці ж величини визначали у печінці теля несправжньої операції або ліпополісахаридної стимуляції. У регенеруючі печінці вci зміни майже синхронні, з невели­ким запізненням для РНК рецепторів TNF. Рівні мРНК досягають максимальних значень через 1–3 год. теля операції i приблизно у 10 разів перевищують такі для штатних тварин. Зміни, викликані несправжньою операщею, меньші за величиною, ніж при регенерації, i проявляються у кінці пререплікативного перюду. Стимуляція ліпополісахаридами призводить до росту продукції TNF-α i його рецепторів, порівнянно з таким при регенерації. Аналіз мРНК рецептора TNF масою 55 000 засвідчив якісні зміни, у тому числі збільшення поліаденілювання, i невідповідність ампліфікації щодо молекули та и частини, прилеглої до 5'-кінця, що вказує на поки що не визначені зміни на З'-кінці молекули.В течении пререпликативного периода регенерации печени наблюдались изменения, содержания мРНК фактора некроза опухоли (TNF α ) и его рецепторов в суммарной РНК печени с помощью обратной транскрипции и полимеразной цепной реакции. Для сравнения эти же величины определяли в печени теленка псевдооперации или липополисахаридный стимуляции. В регенерирующие печени вcе изменения почти синхронные, с небольшим опозданием для РНК рецепторов TNF . Уровни мРНК достигают максимальных значений через 1–3 час. теленок операции i примерно в 10 раз превышают таковые для штатных животных. Изменения, вызванные ложной операщею , меньшие по величине , чем при регенерации, и проявляются в конце пререпликативного периода . Стимуляция липополисахаридами приводит к росту продукции TNF -α и его рецепторов, по сравнению с таковым при регенерации. Анализ мРНК рецептора TNF массой 55000 показал качественные изменения, в том числе увеличение полиаденилирования , и несоответствие амплификации по молекулы и и части , прилегающей к 5' - конца , что указывает на пока не определены изменения на З' - конце молекулы

Seasonal variation of phytoplankton in My Thanh River, Mekong delta, Vietnam

A study on the seasonal variation of phytoplankton composition was conducted at the upper, middle, and lower parts of the My Thanh River, which supplies an important source of water for aquaculture. Qualitative and quantitative samples of phytoplankton were collected monthly at both high and low tide. The results showed that a total of 171 phytoplankton (algae) species were recorded, belonging to 59 genera and 5 phyla. Diatoms were the most abundant group with the highest species number, followed by green algae. The other phyla possessed a lower number of species. The species composition was more diverse in the rainy season and at high tide at most of the sampling sites. The mean density of algae varied from 30,900-43,521 ind.L^-1^. The density of diatoms was higher in the middle and lower parts. At the same time, euglenoids displayed the highest density in the upper part, showing a difference in the dominant algae group under the influence of salinity. Salinity was found to be significantly positively correlated (p<0.01) with diatoms, whereas it was negatively correlated (p<0.05) with blue-green algae and euglenoids. The algae composition was quite diverse, with the H' index ranging from 2.0-3.3, showing the water quality was slightly to moderately polluted

Интеллектуальная радиосеть с нечеткой конфигурацией

В статье обсуждаются возможности применения одноранговой радиосети стандарта IEEE 802.15.4 (ZigBee) диапазона 2,4 ГГц для работы системы, состоящей из группы малогабаритных мобильных роботов и одного командного пункта. Основная задача группы роботов – проведение разведки во время спасательных операций после техногенных и природных катастроф и аварий. Для сохранения управляемости отдельными роботами и системой в целом предлагается повысить «интеллект» системы связи за счет гибкой маршрутизации каналов между командным пунктом и конкретным мобильным роботом с тем, чтобы иметь систему с автоматическим, интеллектуальным восстановлением канала обмена данных.У статті обговорюються можливості застосування однорангової радіомережі стандарту ІЕЕ 802.15.4 (ZigBee) діапазону 2,4 Ггу для роботи системи, що складається з групи малогабаритних мобільних роботів та одного командного пункту. Основна задача групи роботів – проведення розвідки під час рятувальних операцій після техногенних та природних катастроф і аварій. Для збереження керованості окремими ротами та системою в цілому пропонується підвищити інтелект системи зв’язку за рахунок гнучкої маршрутитизації каналів між командним пунктом та конкретним мобільним роботом з тим, щоб мати систему з автоматичним, інтелектуальним відновлюванням каналу обміну даних.In the article the possibilities of application peer-to-peer radio networks of standard IEEE 802.15.4 (ZigBee) a range of 2,4 GHz for work of the system consisting of small-sized mobile robots group and one command point are discussed. The primary goal of group of robots – is carrying out of investigation during rescue operations after technogenic and natural accidents and failures. For controllability preservation by separate robots and system as a whole, it is offered to raise “intelligence” of a communication system at the expense of flexible routeing of channels between command point and the concrete mobile robot to have system with automatic, intellectual restoration of the channel of data exchange

Mapping for engagement: setting up a community based participatory research project to reach underserved communities at risk for Hepatitis C in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam

Background: Approximately 1. 07 million people in Vietnam are infected with hepatitis C virus (HCV). To address this epidemic, the South East Asian Research Collaborative in Hepatitis (SEARCH) launched a 600-patient cohort study and two clinical trials, both investigating shortened treatment strategies for chronic HCV infection with direct-acting antiviral drugs. We conducted ethnographic research with a subset of trial participants and found that the majority were aware of HCV infection and its implications and were motivated to seek treatment. However, people who inject drugs (PWID), and other groups at risk for HCV were under-represented, although injecting drug use is associated with high rates of HCV. Material and Methods: We designed a community-based participatory research (CBPR) study to engage in dialogues surrounding HCV and other community-prioritized health issues with underserved groups at risk for HCV in Ho Chi Minh City. The project consists of three phases: situation analysis, CBPR implementation, and dissemination. In this paper, we describe the results of the first phase (i.e., the situation analysis) in which we conducted desk research and organized stakeholder mapping meetings with representatives from local non-government and community-based organizations where we used participatory research methods to identify and analyze key stakeholders working with underserved populations. Results: Twenty six institutions or groups working with the key underserved populations were identified. Insights about the challenges and dynamics of underserved communities were also gathered. Two working groups made up of representatives from the NGO and CBO level were formed. Discussion: Using the information provided by local key stakeholders to shape the project has helped us to build solid relationships, give the groups a sense of ownership from the early stages, and made the project more context specific. These steps are not only important preliminary steps for participatory studies but also for other research that takes place within the communities

Développement d'un capteur colorimétrique innovant pour la détection directe du phénol dans l'air et dans l'eau

International audienc