3,444 research outputs found
Port of Portland Pump Station
This project focused on the preliminary design of a pump station.https://pilotscholars.up.edu/egr_project/1024/thumbnail.jp
Cal Poly Rose Float Overheight Mechanism
The Cal Poly Universities jointly build and enter a floral entry, commonly known as a float, into the Pasadena Tournament of Roses Rose Parade. At the end of this parade route, there is a 16â6â bridge all floats must drive under. The scope of our project is to design and build a mechanism roughly described as an âoverheightâ mechanism, as its function is to raise and lower large heavy structures so the float is able to pass under the bridge. This hydraulic mechanism is powered via the float animation system
Effect of feeding broilers diets differing in susceptible phytate content
Measurements of total phytate phosphorus content of diets may be deceptive as they do not indicate substrate availability for phytase; it may be that measurements of phytate susceptible to phytase effects are a more accurate measure of phosphorus (P) availability to the bird. To verify this hypothesis, an experiment was conducted to compare diets formulated to contain either high or low susceptible phytate, supplemented with either 0 or 500 FTU/kg phytase. Susceptible phytate was determined by exposing the feed samples to conditions that mimicked the average pH of the proximal gastrointestinal tract (pH 4.5) and the optimum temperature for phytase activity (37 °C) and then measuring phytate dissolved. Ross 308 birds (n = 240) were fed one of 4 dietary treatments in a 2 à 2 factorial design; 2 diets with high (8.54 g/kg, 57.90% of total phytate) or low (5.77 g/kg, 46.33% of total phytate) susceptible phytate, containing 0 or 500 FTU/kg phytase. Diets were fed to broilers (12 replicate pens of 5 birds per pen) from d 0 to 28 post hatch. Birds fed diets high in susceptible phytate had greater phytate hydrolysis in the gizzard (P < 0.001), jejunum (P < 0.001) and ileum (P < 0.001) and resulting greater body weight gain (BWG) (P = 0.015) and lower FCR (P = 0.003) than birds fed the low susceptible phytate diets, irrespective of phytase presence. Birds fed the high susceptible diets also had greater P solubility in the gizzard and Ca and P solubility in the jejunum and ileum (P < 0.05) and resulting greater tibia and femur Ca and P (P < 0.05) content than those fed the low susceptible diets. All the susceptible phytate was fully degraded in the tract in the absence of added phytase, suggesting the assay used in this study was able to successfully estimate the amount of total dietary phytate that was susceptible to the effects of phytase when used at standard levels. No interactions were observed between susceptible phytate and phytase on phytate hydrolysis. Hydrolysis of phytate was greater (P < 0.05) in the gizzard of birds fed the diets supplemented with phytase, regardless of the concentration of susceptible phytate in the diet. Phytase supplementation resulted in improved BWG (P < 0.001) and FCR (P = 0.001), increased P solubility (P < 0.001) in the gizzard, Ca and P solubility (P < 0.001) in the jejunum and ileum and Ca and P concentration (P < 0.001) and strength (P < 0.001) in the tibia and femur. Pepsin activity was higher in birds fed the diets supplemented with phytase (P < 0.001) and was greater (P = 0.031) in birds fed the high susceptible phytate diets compared with the low susceptible phytate diets. Findings from this study suggest that there may be a measure more meaningful to animal nutritionists than measurements of total phytate
Signs of Similar Stellar Obliquity Distributions for Hot and Warm Jupiters Orbiting Cool Stars
Transiting giant planets provide a natural opportunity to examine stellar
obliquities, which offer clues about the origin and dynamical histories of
close-in planets. Hot Jupiters orbiting Sun-like stars show a tendency for
obliquity alignment, which suggests that obliquities are rarely excited or that
tidal realignment is common. However, the stellar obliquity distribution is
less clear for giant planets at wider separations where realignment mechanisms
are not expected to operate. In this work, we uniformly derive line-of-sight
inclinations for 47 cool stars ( 6200 K) harboring
transiting hot and warm giant planets by combining rotation periods, stellar
radii, and measurements. Among the systems that show signs of
spin-orbit misalignment in our sample, three are identified as being misaligned
here for the first time. Of particular interest are Kepler-1654, one of the
longest-period (1047 d; 2.0 AU) giant planets in a misaligned system, and
Kepler-30, a multi-planet misaligned system. By comparing the reconstructed
underlying inclination distributions, we find that the inferred minimum
misalignment distributions of hot Jupiters spanning = 3-20 (
0.01-0.1 AU) and warm Jupiters spanning = 20-400 ( 0.1-1.9
AU) are in good agreement. With 90 confidence, at least 24 of
warm Jupiters and 14 of hot Jupiters around cool stars are
misaligned by at least 10. Most stars harboring warm Jupiters are
therefore consistent with spin-orbit alignment. The similarity of hot and warm
Jupiter misalignment rates suggests that either the occasional misalignments
are primordial and originate in misaligned disks, or the same underlying
processes that create misaligned hot Jupiters also lead to misaligned warm
Jupiters.Comment: AJ, accepte
The Social Vulnerability index as a Risk Stratification tool For Health Disparity Research in Cancer Patients: a Scoping Review
PURPOSE: The social vulnerability index (SVI), developed by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, is a novel composite measure encompassing multiple variables that correspond to key social determinants of health. The objective of this review was to investigate innovative applications of the SVI to oncology research and to employ the framework of the cancer care continuum to elucidate further research opportunities.
METHODS: A systematic search for relevant articles was performed in five databases from inception to 13 May 2022. Included studies applied the SVI to analyze outcomes in cancer patients. Study characteristics, patent populations, data sources, and outcomes were extracted from each article. This review followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines.
RESULTS: In total, 31 studies were included. Along the cancer care continuum, five applied the SVI to examine geographic disparities in potentially cancer-causing exposures; seven in cancer diagnosis; fourteen in cancer treatment; nine in treatment recovery; one in survivorship care; and two in end-of-life care. Fifteen examined disparities in mortality.
CONCLUSION: In highlighting place-based disparities in patient outcomes, the SVI represents a promising tool for future oncology research. As a reliable geocoded dataset, the SVI may inform the development and implementation of targeted interventions to prevent cancer morbidity and mortality at the neighborhood level
Characterizing Online Vandalism: A Rational Choice Perspective
What factors influence the decision to vandalize? Although the harm is clear,
the benefit to the vandal is less clear. In many cases, the thing being damaged
may itself be something the vandal uses or enjoys. Vandalism holds
communicative value: perhaps to the vandal themselves, to some audience at whom
the vandalism is aimed, and to the general public. Viewing vandals as rational
community participants despite their antinormative behavior offers the
possibility of engaging with or countering their choices in novel ways.
Rational choice theory (RCT) as applied in value expectancy theory (VET) offers
a strategy for characterizing behaviors in a framework of rational choices, and
begins with the supposition that subject to some weighting of personal
preferences and constraints, individuals maximize their own utility by
committing acts of vandalism. This study applies the framework of RCT and VET
to gain insight into vandals' preferences and constraints. Using a
mixed-methods analysis of Wikipedia, I combine social computing and
criminological perspectives on vandalism to propose an ontology of vandalism
for online content communities. I use this ontology to categorize 141 instances
of vandalism and find that the character of vandalistic acts varies by vandals'
relative identifiability, policy history with Wikipedia, and the effort
required to vandalize
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