A first inventory of the labile biochemicals found in Avignon groundwater: can we identify potential bacterial substrates?

Groundwater is a major source of water for irrigation of vegetables, especially in the Mediterranean basin. Contamination of aquifer by pathogens has been responsible for numerous disease outbreaks worldwide. Several studies reported that groundwater dissolved organic matter (DOM) can serve as a source of carbon and energy for heterotrophic metabolism of pathogens. In this study, we aimed to investigate the DOM composition of groundwater collected at Avignon. Six liters of groundwater were filtered (0.2 µm) and freeze-dried following appropriate cleaning procedure. The bulk analyses of powder sample were performed using 1D and 2D nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectroscopy. Several components were found at concentrations around 1 µM and comprise: (i) humic and fulvic acids originated from land-derived material or soils and, (ii) various acids, esters and alcohols of different sizes including acetate, lactate and formate, these may result from microbial metabolism. In conclusion, the Avignon groundwater DOM contains a heterogeneous mixture of dissolved organic components with a rather low potential bioreactivity based on the low level of labile biogeochemicals such as carbohydrates

A first inventory of the labile biochemicals found in Avignon groundwater: can we identify potential bacterial substrates?

Groundwater is a major source of water for irrigation of vegetables, especially in the Mediterranean basin. Contamination of aquifer by pathogens has been responsible for numerous disease outbreaks worldwide. Several studies reported that groundwater dissolved organic matter (DOM) can serve as a source of carbon and energy for heterotrophic metabolism of pathogens. In this study, we aimed to investigate the DOM composition of groundwater collected at Avignon. Six liters of groundwater were filtered (0.2 µm) and freeze-dried following appropriate cleaning procedure. The bulk analyses of powder sample were performed using 1D and 2D nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectroscopy. Several components were found at concentrations around 1 µM and comprise: (i) humic and fulvic acids originated from land-derived material or soils and, (ii) various acids, esters and alcohols of different sizes including acetate, lactate and formate, these may result from microbial metabolism. In conclusion, the Avignon groundwater DOM contains a heterogeneous mixture of dissolved organic components with a rather low potential bioreactivity based on the low level of labile biogeochemicals such as carbohydrates

Erratum to: A first inventory of the labile biochemicals found in Avignon groundwater: can we identify potential bacterial substrates?

Présentation d'une communication à la conférence internationale i-DUST 2018 – Inter-Disciplinary Underground Science & Technology (2018/06/04-05), Avignon (FRA)International audienceGroundwater is a major source of water for irrigation of vegetables, especially in the Mediterranean basin. Contamination of aquifer by pathogens has been responsible for numerous disease outbreaks worldwide. Several studies reported that groundwater dissolved organic matter (DOM) can serve as a source of carbon and energy for heterotrophic metabolism of pathogens. In this study, we aimed to investigate the DOM composition of groundwater collected at Avignon. Six liters of groundwater were filtered (0.2 µm) and freeze-dried following appropriate cleaning procedure. The bulk analyses of powder sample were performed using 1D and 2D nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectroscopy. Several components were found at concentrations around 1 µM and comprise : (i) humic and fulvic acids originated from land-derived material or soils and, (ii) various acids, esters and alcohols of different sizes including acetate, lactate and formate, these may result from microbial metabolism. In conclusion, the Avignon groundwater DOM contains a heterogeneous mixture of dissolved organic components with a rather low potential bioreactivity based on the low level of labile biogeochemicals such as carbohydrates

The impact of processing and aging on the oxidative potential, molecular structure and dissolution of gelatin.

International audienceGelatin is a biopolymer produced worldwide through its dissolution rate is variable. During the manufacturing process, gelatin is exposed to high temperatures known to be responsible for cross-link formation. Moreover, bleaching agents such as hydrogen peroxide are added to lighten the gelatin, leading to oxidation reactions that form cross-links. Cross-links have been reported in the literature to be formed between amino acids and related to decreased gelatin dissolution. The variability of gelatin dissolution is important since gelatin is used in the pharmaceutical industry to make hard capsules which have to satisfy strict dissolution specifications. The objective of this study was to determine how the oxidative potential of gelatin may explain the variability of its dissolution. Amino acid composition was assessed by HPLC and gelatin chemical composition was studied with HRMAS-NMR. Iron and aldehyde contents were also measured. Cross-links involving aldehyde functions were strongly suspected to be formed with aging, as were desmosine-like and dityrosine cross-links. All these cross-links were formed during oxidation reactions that are also strongly suspected to occur during aging. In addition, the origin of production affects the oxidative potential of gelatins when considering their iron content. The amount of aldehyde functions, which reflects the oxidation state of gelatins, differed as a function of their origin of production. The dissolution rate of gelatins could be linked to their oxidative potential (iron content) and the aldehydic products of lipid oxidation. Interestingly, the causes for differences in dissolution varied as a function of their origin of production

Structural Characterization and Cardioprotective Effect of Water-Soluble Polysaccharides Extracted from Clematis flammula

Clematis flammula is widely used for its pharmacological properties in Tunisia. This work aimed to explore, in a rat model, the cardiopreventive capacity of polysaccharides extracted from C. flammula (CFPS) after a myocardial injury caused by isoproterenol. Structural analyses suggested that the average molecular weight of CFPS was 1.82 × 105 g/mol, being mainly composed of glucuronide (41.53%), galacturonic acid (19.06%), arabinose (16.10%), galactose (6.15%), glucose (5.49%), and rhamnose (3.55%). Fourier transform–infrared spectroscopy and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy experiments showed that CFPS was rich with carbohydrates containing pectic materials with glycosidic bonds. In addition, results show that pretreatment with CFPS (150 mg/kg) could improve the electrocardiogram pattern by decreasing the elevated ST segment and ameliorating the relative heart weights and the biochemical profile content (creatine phosphokinase-MB, lactate dehydrogenase, and cardiac troponin I). Furthermore, pretreatment with CFPS reduced the amount of malondialdehyde and restored the genotoxicity induced by isoproterenol. The histopathological study revealed that CFPS pretreatment diminished the level of cardiac tissue injury. Based on these data, CFPS presents a broad biological effect as a cardioprotective and can be used for the exploration of novel natural products for the treatment of cardiac disease

Structural Characterization and Cardioprotective Effect of Water-Soluble Polysaccharides Extracted from Clematis flammula

International audienceClematis flammula is widely used for its pharmacological properties in Tunisia. This work aimed to explore, in a rat model, the cardiopreventive capacity of polysaccharides extracted from C. flammula (CFPS) after a myocardial injury caused by isoproterenol. Structural analyses suggested that the average molecular weight of CFPS was 1.82 × 105 g/mol, being mainly composed of glucuronide (41.53%), galacturonic acid (19.06%), arabinose (16.10%), galactose (6.15%), glucose (5.49%), and rhamnose (3.55%). Fourier transform–infrared spectroscopy and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy experiments showed that CFPS was rich with carbohydrates containing pectic materials with glycosidic bonds. In addition, results show that pretreatment with CFPS (150 mg/kg) could improve the electrocardiogram pattern by decreasing the elevated ST segment and ameliorating the relative heart weights and the biochemical profile content (creatine phosphokinase-MB, lactate dehydrogenase, and cardiac troponin I). Furthermore, pretreatment with CFPS reduced the amount of malondialdehyde and restored the genotoxicity induced by isoproterenol. The histopathological study revealed that CFPS pretreatment diminished the level of cardiac tissue injury. Based on these data, CFPS presents a broad biological effect as a cardioprotective and can be used for the exploration of novel natural products for the treatment of cardiac disease

Structural Characterization and Cardioprotective Effect of Water-Soluble Polysaccharides Extracted from Clematis flammula

International audienceClematis flammula is widely used for its pharmacological properties in Tunisia. This work aimed to explore, in a rat model, the cardiopreventive capacity of polysaccharides extracted from C. flammula (CFPS) after a myocardial injury caused by isoproterenol. Structural analyses suggested that the average molecular weight of CFPS was 1.82 × 105 g/mol, being mainly composed of glucuronide (41.53%), galacturonic acid (19.06%), arabinose (16.10%), galactose (6.15%), glucose (5.49%), and rhamnose (3.55%). Fourier transform–infrared spectroscopy and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy experiments showed that CFPS was rich with carbohydrates containing pectic materials with glycosidic bonds. In addition, results show that pretreatment with CFPS (150 mg/kg) could improve the electrocardiogram pattern by decreasing the elevated ST segment and ameliorating the relative heart weights and the biochemical profile content (creatine phosphokinase-MB, lactate dehydrogenase, and cardiac troponin I). Furthermore, pretreatment with CFPS reduced the amount of malondialdehyde and restored the genotoxicity induced by isoproterenol. The histopathological study revealed that CFPS pretreatment diminished the level of cardiac tissue injury. Based on these data, CFPS presents a broad biological effect as a cardioprotective and can be used for the exploration of novel natural products for the treatment of cardiac disease

Description of the Wild Strain <i>Rhizobium rosettiformans</i> DSM26376, Reclassified under <i>Peteryoungia rosettiformans</i> comb.nov., for Producing Glucuronan

Glucuronan is a polysaccharide composed of β-(1,4)-linked d-glucuronic acids having intrinsic properties and biological activities recoverable in many fields of application. Currently, the description of Sinorhyzobium meliloti M5N1CS mutant bacterial strain as the sole source of glucuronan makes it relevant to the exploration of new microorganisms producing glucuronan. In this study, the Peteryoungia rosettifformans strain (Rhizobia), was identified as a wild producer of an exopolysaccharide (RhrBR46) related to glucuronan. Structural and biochemical features, using colorimetric assays, Fourier infrared spectroscopy, nuclear magnetic resonance, high pressure size exclusion chromatography coupled to multi-angle light laser scattering, and enzymatic assays allowed the characterization of a polyglucuronic acid, having a molecular mass (Mw¯) of 1.85 × 105 Da, and being partially O-acetylated at C-2 and/or C-3 positions. The concentration of Mg2+ ions in the cultivation medium has been shown to impact the structure of RhrBR46, by reducing drastically its Mw¯ (73%) and increasing its DA (10%). Comparative structural analyses between RhrBR46 and the glucuronan from Sinorhyzobium meliloti M5N1CS strain revealed differences in terms of molecular weight, degree of acetylation (DA), and the distribution of acetylation pattern. These structural divergences of RhrBR46 might contribute to singular properties or biological activities of RhrBR46, offering new perspectives of application

Pharmacological Investigations in Traditional Utilization of Alhagi maurorum Medik. in Saharan Algeria: In Vitro Study of Anti-Inflammatory and Antihyperglycemic Activities of Water-Soluble Polysaccharides Extracted from the Seeds

International audienceThe anti-inflammatory and antihyperglycemic effects of polysaccharides extracted from Alhagi maurorum Medik. seeds, spontaneous shrub collected in Southern of Algerian Sahara were investigated. Their water extraction followed by alcoholic precipitation was conducted to obtaintwo water-soluble polysaccharides extracts (WSPAM1 and WSPAM2). They were characterized using Fourier transform infrared, 1H/13C Nuclear Magnetic Resonance, Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry and Size Exclusion Chromatography coupled with Multi-Angle Light Scattering.The capacity of those fractions to inhibit α-amylase activity and thermally induced Bovine Serum Albumin denaturation were also investigated. WSPAM1 and WSPAM2 were galactomannans with a mannose/galactose ratio of 2.2 and 2.4, respectively. The SEC-MALLS analysis revealed thatWSPAM1 had a molecular weight of 1.4 ×106 Da. The investigations highlighted antinflammatory and antihyperglycemic effects in a dose-dependant manner of WSPAM1 and WSPAM2