The doctrine and practice of the ministry in the church of Sweden

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The Other SiO2: Investigating Oxidation of Alcohols Using (NH4)2Cr2O7 in Sand

Oxidation of alcohols to aldehydes and ketones is one of the classical reactions in organic chemistry which is utilized frequently in medicine, industry, and pharmaceuticals. Classical effective reagents in oxidation include pyridinium chlorochromate, potassium permanganate, Jones reagent, bleach, and Swern conditions. There has been an increasing interest throughout the years to use supported-based reagents in tandem with these reagents, particularly with silica gel especially towards Cr-based oxidizing agents. Despite the abundance of reported reactions in the literature pertaining to silica gel, little is known about sand, despite both are silicon dioxide and exhibit similar porosity and crystallinity. It is not clear as why silica gel is frequently used in chemical reactions compared to sand. Herein, we report some of our results regarding the utilization of washed sand in oxidation of primary and secondary alcohols. Using an appropriate solvent under reflux, primary and secondary alcohols are oxidized cleanly into aldehydes and ketones based on TLC monitoring and 1H and 13C-NMR of the crude material. More importantly, reactions can be carried out in lower reagent loading compared to silica-gel based oxidations

Registration of N614, A3N615, N616, and N617 Shattercane Genetic Stocks with Cytoplasmic or Nuclear Male Sterility and Juicy or Dry Midribs

Four shattercane [Sorghum bicolor subsp. drummondii (Nees ex Steud.) de Wet ex Davidse] genetic stocks—N614 (Reg. No. GS-652, PI 665684), A3N615 (Reg. No. GS-651, PI 665683), N616 (Reg. No. GS-653, PI 665685), and N617 (Reg. No. GS-654, PI 665686)—with A3 cytoplasmic male sterility or the nuclear male sterility gene ms3 containing either juicy (dd) or dry (DD) culms were developed jointly by the USDA-ARS; the Iowa Agricultural and Home Economics Experiment Station, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Iowa State University; and the Agricultural Research Division, Institute of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Nebraska. The stocks were released in July 2011. The source material for these genetic stocks was isolated from an archetypical shattercane population found near Lincoln, NE. Release of these genetic stocks makes available shattercane lines with both A3 cytoplasmic male sterility, and ms3 genetic (nuclear) male sterility to facilitate crossing. These genetic stocks also contain juicy (dd) or dry (DD) culms, a visible genetic marker to facilitate screening progeny resulting from crosses. The genetic stocks have immediate application for basic research involving gene flow from cultivated sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] to shattercane and on the fitness of offspring resulting from such crosses

Deleterious mutations predicted in the sorghum (\u3ci\u3eSorghum bicolor\u3c/i\u3e) \u3ci\u3eMaturity\u3c/i\u3e (\u3ci\u3eMa\u3c/i\u3e) and \u3ci\u3eDwarf\u3c/i\u3e (\u3ci\u3eDw\u3c/i\u3e) genes from whole‑genome resequencing

In sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] the Maturity (Ma1, Ma2, Ma3, Ma4, Ma5, Ma6) and Dwarf (Dw1, Dw2, Dw3, Dw4) loci, encode genes controlling flowering time and plant height, respectively, which are critical for designing sorghum ideotypes for a maturity timeframe and a harvest method. Publicly available whole-genome resequencing data from 860 sorghum accessions was analyzed in silico to identify genomic variants at 8 of these loci (Ma1, Ma2, Ma3, Ma5, Ma6, Dw1, Dw2, Dw3) to identify novel loss of function alleles and previously characterized ones in sorghum germplasm. From~ 33 million SNPs and~ 4.4 million InDels, 1445 gene variants were identified within these 8 genes then evaluated for predicted effect on the corresponding encoded proteins, which included newly identified mutations (4 nonsense, 15 frameshift, 28 missense). Likewise, most accessions analyzed contained predicted loss of function alleles (425 ma1, 22 ma2, 40 ma3, 74 ma5, 414 ma6, 289 dw1, 268 dw2 and 45 dw3) at multiple loci, but 146 and 463 accessions had no predicted ma or dw mutant alleles, respectively. The ma and dw alleles within these sorghum accessions represent a valuable source for manipulating flowering time and plant height to develop the full range of sorghum types: grain, sweet and forage/biomass

Notes: Evaluation Of A Filter Bag System For NDF, ADF, And IVDMD Forage Analysis

A new method of determining in vitro dry matter digestibility (IVDMD) as recently developed in which the digestion is conducted with the forage samples in filter bags. Our objective was to compare the filter bag and conventional IVDMD analysis methods using smooth bromegrass (Bromus inermis Leyss.), switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.), and forage sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] samples. In addition, the filter bag analysis systems for determining non-sequential neutral and acid detergent fiber (NDF and ADF), respectively, were compared with the non-sequential conventional analysis systems. In the filter bag systems, the forage samples are sealed in filter bags and the analyses are conducted on a batch basis rather than on an individual basis as in the conventional IVDMD and fiber analysis procedures. The filter bag analysis methods produced results similar to the conventional methods and ranked the forage samples in the same relative order

Notes: Evaluation Of A Filter Bag System For NDF, ADF, And IVDMD Forage Analysis

A new method of determining in vitro dry matter digestibility (IVDMD) as recently developed in which the digestion is conducted with the forage samples in filter bags. Our objective was to compare the filter bag and conventional IVDMD analysis methods using smooth bromegrass (Bromus inermis Leyss.), switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.), and forage sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] samples. In addition, the filter bag analysis systems for determining non-sequential neutral and acid detergent fiber (NDF and ADF), respectively, were compared with the non-sequential conventional analysis systems. In the filter bag systems, the forage samples are sealed in filter bags and the analyses are conducted on a batch basis rather than on an individual basis as in the conventional IVDMD and fiber analysis procedures. The filter bag analysis methods produced results similar to the conventional methods and ranked the forage samples in the same relative order

Outcomes in Baby Deliveries among Pregnant Ebola Survivors

Greater El Monte Community Hospital (GEMCH), the Los Angeles Department of Public Health, and the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services assisted in the first documented case of Ebola survivor delivery in the United States. A descriptive qualitative review of GEMCH’s events and the limited documented cases of outcomes of baby deliveries among EVD survivors is discussed. Limited resources and capacity in many developing countries impact adversely on the outcomes of the EVD survivors and their neonates. Three lessons for public health workers emerge: (1) the need for the United States to strengthen their capability to manage EVD cases and other highly contagious and severe infectious diseases; (2) the revealing that EVD survivors can deliver normal, EVD free babies when using the recommended guidelines; (3) The need for health care workers to adopt and share the practical procedures in the Recommended Guidelines by the CDC and LADPH from this event are useful and can be shared with the medical fraternity. This case illustrates that EVD survivors can be equally accepted and treated with success at designated health facilities. Demystifying Ebola and eliminating social stigma surrounding the disease is crucial in this undertaking