Tourism Safety And Security In The Republic Of Armenia

The article examines the issues of security and protection of the consumers rights of tourist services. The relevance of the chosen direction of research is due to the rapid increase in the number of trips of citizens, increasing the number of threats (terrorism, civil wars, political conflicts, revolutions, epidemics, natural disasters), which are becoming more destructive and less predictabl

The Invasion of Civic Education into the Armenian Education System

The purpose of the study is to explore how different civic education initiatives implemented over the last six to eight years in Armenia reference one another and meet the needs of the Armenian educational environment. The comparative analysis of two sets of civic standards, one developed in the U.S. by the Center for Civic Education (National Standards for Civics and Government) and the other for Armenia by the Armenian National Institute for Education (Individual and Society), draws parallels between those sets of standards portrayed by the Armenian and American education policy-makers. The study then focuses on the implementation process of three major civics projects initiated and administered by the Junior Achievement Armenia, Institute for Training and Development, and College of Education in the University of Iowa. As a result of those initiatives, the Armenian Ministry of Education and Science has introduced a civic education course into the Armenian schools based on the demand from the society and support from international agencies. All three projects were developed according to the American civics standards and, subsequently, introduced elements of Armenian culture as a result of interaction with and involvement of Armenian participants. The civic initiatives have had enormous influence on the Armenian education milieu and the society overall. However, to achieve better results, the civics supporters should seek ways to incorporate civics curriculum with Armenian communities and the society. The Ministry should take the leadership role of facilitating, maintaining, and improving the civic movement in Armenia

The Role of Managers in Organizations: Psychological Aspects

Management is the integrating force of the activities carried out in the organization. Management is the whole process of management functions such as planning, organizing, motivating and controlling, which is performed to accomplish the main objectives of the organization by the use of people and other resources. Managers play a decisive role in all management process. They set goals, plan and organize the activities, motivate people and monitor the activities. They are also responsible for themselves and the staff. That is why it is crucial to analyze and discuss the role of managers, their psychological traits and its influence on management process. The article presents the essence of management, the roles of managers by H. Mintzberg. The main skills of managers are discussed. Also, the psychological aspects such as temperament types of managers and psychological types by Carl Jung are analyzed. In order to find out the role of managers and the influence of their psychology on management process, we have carried out a research by survey and interview among employees and managers of different spheres. The results of the survey are analyzed in the article and it is obvious that the effectiveness of management and decision-making process depends on many factors including the psychology of managers. Besides, we have processed and offered a model of manager, which shows the links between the main traits of managers and management process. The main results may be used for further studies in this sphere, also for improving the management process in organizations

Evaluating the role of tourism in the economic development of the Republic of Armenia and other member states of the Eurasian Economic Union

Tourism has a significant role in the economies of many countries. It creates jobs, brings money, promotes investments, decreases poverty, develops infrastructures, etc. Many research works try to evaluate the role of tourism development on the economy. The article evaluates the role of tourism development in the economy of Armenia and checks the Tourism-Led Growth Hypothesis (TLGH). With the help of statistical methods, the article evaluates the connections between tourism total expenses (visitor exports, domestic spending, government spending, and capital investment), the number of tourists and tourism total contribution to GDP, employment and other indicators. Besides, the correlation analysis between these indicators was done for the Member States of the Eurasian Economic Union. The results show that the increase in tourism expenses and the number of tourists will increase GDP and employment. However, the change in tourism contribution to employment is not so high, which was explained by different reasons. The same is the case for other countries of the Eurasian Economic Union. The article results may be helpful for future studies, as well as for government agencies for evaluating tourism contribution to economic development and for elaborating tourism development policies

Text cohesion via the presupposition base realized through antonymy of language units

The article dwells upon discourse coherence and text cohesion via frame- and / or stereotype-generated presuppositions what are actualized on the surface structure of the text via antonyms. The article suggests a framework of the text gerenation process based on the content of the presupposition base of the speaking individual whose information units are stored through larger mental structures, that is, frames and stereotypes. The paper instantiates the functioning of the two planes of the presupposition base, i.e. phenomenological and linguistic. The findings of the study manifest that antonymy is one of the linguistic, cognitive structures that displays the content of the discourse, the intent of the addresser and thereby secures text cohesion

Syrian Armenian Refugees in Canada: War, Forced Migration, Resettlement, and the Collective Memory of the Armenian Genocide

The thesis studies the experiences of the Syrian Armenian refugees of the Syrian war in Canada. What makes them different from other Syrian refugees is not just their religion and ethnicity, but also their history and the traumas they carry. Most Syrian Armenians are descendants of the survivors of the Armenian Genocide. The trauma of the Genocide is central to Armenian identity, and its aftereffects haunt Armenians worldwide. The Syrian Armenian refugees that Canada accepted are therefore going through migration, trauma, and loss for a second time. The first is experienced through collective memory, the second is first-hand. The thesis studies the social organization of this trauma in the Syrian Armenian community and explores how it becomes a lens to make sense of war and forced migration and a resource to draw upon to remove oneself from a war zone and to bring oneself all the way to Canada’s safety. It argues that to understand refugee experiences and avoid generalizations that might lead to stereotypes, one needs to look beyond labels and take into account the biographies and histories of particular groups. Thus, this work joins scholarship that problematizes the mainstream definition of “refugee” as a passive victim in need of salvation by bringing to light the work Syrian Armenians did to be able to cross multiple borders and resettle in Canada. The overarching theoretical and methodological goal of the thesis is to empirically demonstrate how abstract notions such as transgenerational trauma, diaspora, refugeedom, political loyalty, and integration come to materialize in the everyday doings of ordinary people, and to show that they exist only in their actions, and inform their choices and their actualities. The investigation covers their experiences in Syria before and after the war, in other countries after leaving Syria, and finally in Canada. The research is located at the intersection of memory, trauma, diaspora, genocide, and refugee literature and is based on eighteen in-depth interviews, conducted in 2020 with Syrian Armenians in Quebec and Ontario

Towards an affect intensity regulation hypothesis: Systematic review and meta-analyses of the relationship between affective states and alcohol consumption

While self-medication and positive and negative reinforcement models of alcohol use suggest that there is an association between daily affect and alcohol consumption, findings within the academic literature have been inconsistent. This pre-registered systematic review meta-analytically interrogated the results from studies amongst non-clinical populations that examine the relationship between daily affective states and alcohol consumption volume. PRISMA guided searches of PsychINFO, PsycARTICLES, Science Direct, PubMed, SCOPUS, and JSTOR databases were conducted. When both laboratory and field studies were included, meta-analyses with robust variance estimation yielded 53 eligible studies on negative affect (8355 participants, 127 effect sizes) and 35 studies for positive affect (6384 participants, 50 effect sizes). The significant pooled associations between intra-day affect and alcohol consumption were r = .09, [.03, .14] for negative affect, and r = .17, [.04, .30] for positive affect. A small-to-medium sized effect (d = .275, [.11, .44]) of negative affect on daily alcohol consumption volume was found in laboratory studies (14 studies, 1100 participants). While publication bias was suspected, P-curve analyses suggested that the results were unlikely to be the product of publication bias and p-hacking alone, and selection model analysis revealed no significant differences in results when publication bias was accounted for. For negative affect, using number of drinks as the measure of alcohol consumption was associated with lower effect sizes. For positive affect, the results demonstrated a decline of this observed effect over time. Overall, findings point towards the possibility of developing an affect intensity regulation theory of alcohol use. Conceptualizing the mood-alcohol nexus in terms of affect intensity regulation may afford a more parsimonious explanation of alcohol consumption rather than viewing the behavior as being shaped by either positive or negative affective states