2 research outputs found
Genetic and ecophysiological analyses of tolerance to drought and high temperature in bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)
Dans un contexte de changement climatique, la caractĂ©risation des variĂ©tĂ©s de blĂ© tendre en rĂ©ponse Ă des Ă©vĂšnements de sĂ©cheresse et de stress thermique est un des dĂ©fis de lâagriculture. Cette thĂšse, issue dâun partenariat -public entre Arvalis-Institut du VĂ©gĂ©tal, Biogemma et lâINRA (Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique), avait pour but de dĂ©velopper des connaissances et des outils nĂ©cessaires Ă lâidentification de variĂ©tĂ©s tolĂ©rantes Ă la sĂ©cheresse et au stress thermique et Ă la crĂ©ation de variĂ©tĂ©s rĂ©pondant Ă cette exigence. Pour ce faire, nous avons analysĂ© un panel de 220 variĂ©tĂ©s commerciales, gĂ©notypĂ©es avec 280K SNP et testĂ©es dans 35 environnements variĂ©s (combinaison dâannĂ©e, lieu et rĂ©gime hydrique), plus une expĂ©rimentation en conditions contrĂŽlĂ©es oĂč un stress thermique a Ă©tĂ© appliquĂ© pendant le remplissage du grain. La complexitĂ© de lâĂ©tude de la tolĂ©rance Ă la sĂ©cheresse nous a conduit Ă prĂ©senter cette thĂšse en sĂ©parant, dans un premier temps, lâĂ©tude des stress hydriques et thermiques, puis de prospecter une mĂ©thode dâanalyse multi-stress. Nous avons montrĂ© que mĂȘme si la sĂ©lection a amĂ©liorĂ© la performance des variĂ©tĂ©s en condition hydrique optimale, le progrĂšs gĂ©nĂ©tique doit ĂȘtre accĂ©lĂ©rĂ© et mieux rĂ©parti en fonction des diffĂ©rents types de stress. Nous proposons pour cela plusieurs dĂ©terminants gĂ©nĂ©tiques qui pourraient permettre un gain dans des environnements stressants. Nos rĂ©sultats et mĂ©thodes sont discutĂ©s au regard des besoins en prĂ©conisation et amĂ©lioration variĂ©tale. Des pistes de recherche complĂ©mentaires et des amĂ©liorations ont aussi Ă©tĂ© suggĂ©rĂ©es.In a context of climate change, the characterization of wheat varieties in response to drought and heat stress events is one of the major challenges of agriculture. This PhD thesis, resulting from a private-public partnership between Arvalis âInstitut du VĂ©gĂ©talâ, Biogemma and INRA (âInstitut National de la Recherche Agronomiqueâ), aimed at providing necessary knowledge and tools to identify drought or heat-tolerant varieties and breed for varieties that meet these requirements. Analyses were conducted using a panel of 220 commercial varieties, genotyped with 280K SNP and tested in 35 environments (combination of year, location and water regime) and an experiment under controlled conditions where heat stress was applied during grain filling. The complexity of the study of drought and heat tolerance led us to present this thesis by first separating hydric and thermal stresses, and then to explore a multi-stress analysis method. Even if breeding has improved the performance of varieties under optimal water conditions, we showed that genetic progress must be accelerated and better distributed according to different stress scenarios. We propose several genetic determinants that could allow genetic gain in stressful environments. Our results and methods are discussed in view of the needs for varietal recommendation and improvement. Additional research strategies and methods improvements were also suggested
Analyse génétique et écophysiologique de la tolérance à la sÚcheresse et au stress thermique chez le blé tendre (T. Aestivum L.)
In a context of climate change, the characterization of wheat varieties in response to drought and heat stress events is one of the major challenges of agriculture. This PhD thesis, resulting from a private-public partnership between Arvalis âInstitut du VĂ©gĂ©talâ, Biogemma and INRA (âInstitut National de la Recherche Agronomiqueâ), aimed at providing necessary knowledge and tools to identify drought or heat-tolerant varieties and breed for varieties that meet these requirements. Analyses were conducted using a panel of 220 commercial varieties, genotyped with 280K SNP and tested in 35 environments (combination of year, location and water regime) and an experiment under controlled conditions where heat stress was applied during grain filling. The complexity of the study of drought and heat tolerance led us to present this thesis by first separating hydric and thermal stresses, and then to explore a multi-stress analysis method. Even if breeding has improved the performance of varieties under optimal water conditions, we showed that genetic progress must be accelerated and better distributed according to different stress scenarios. We propose several genetic determinants that could allow genetic gain in stressful environments. Our results and methods are discussed in view of the needs for varietal recommendation and improvement. Additional research strategies and methods improvements were also suggested.Dans un contexte de changement climatique, la caractĂ©risation des variĂ©tĂ©s de blĂ© tendre en rĂ©ponse Ă des Ă©vĂšnements de sĂ©cheresse et de stress thermique est un des dĂ©fis de lâagriculture. Cette thĂšse, issue dâun partenariat -public entre Arvalis-Institut du VĂ©gĂ©tal, Biogemma et lâINRA (Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique), avait pour but de dĂ©velopper des connaissances et des outils nĂ©cessaires Ă lâidentification de variĂ©tĂ©s tolĂ©rantes Ă la sĂ©cheresse et au stress thermique et Ă la crĂ©ation de variĂ©tĂ©s rĂ©pondant Ă cette exigence. Pour ce faire, nous avons analysĂ© un panel de 220 variĂ©tĂ©s commerciales, gĂ©notypĂ©es avec 280K SNP et testĂ©es dans 35 environnements variĂ©s (combinaison dâannĂ©e, lieu et rĂ©gime hydrique), plus une expĂ©rimentation en conditions contrĂŽlĂ©es oĂč un stress thermique a Ă©tĂ© appliquĂ© pendant le remplissage du grain. La complexitĂ© de lâĂ©tude de la tolĂ©rance Ă la sĂ©cheresse nous a conduit Ă prĂ©senter cette thĂšse en sĂ©parant, dans un premier temps, lâĂ©tude des stress hydriques et thermiques, puis de prospecter une mĂ©thode dâanalyse multi-stress. Nous avons montrĂ© que mĂȘme si la sĂ©lection a amĂ©liorĂ© la performance des variĂ©tĂ©s en condition hydrique optimale, le progrĂšs gĂ©nĂ©tique doit ĂȘtre accĂ©lĂ©rĂ© et mieux rĂ©parti en fonction des diffĂ©rents types de stress. Nous proposons pour cela plusieurs dĂ©terminants gĂ©nĂ©tiques qui pourraient permettre un gain dans des environnements stressants. Nos rĂ©sultats et mĂ©thodes sont discutĂ©s au regard des besoins en prĂ©conisation et amĂ©lioration variĂ©tale. Des pistes de recherche complĂ©mentaires et des amĂ©liorations ont aussi Ă©tĂ© suggĂ©rĂ©es