Inductive Learning from State Transitions over Continuous Domains

Part of the Lecture Notes in Computer Science book series (LNCS, volume 10759)Also part of the Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence book sub series (LNAI, volume 10759)International audienceLearning from interpretation transition (LFIT) automatically constructs a model of the dynamics of a system from the observation of its state transitions. So far, the systems that LFIT handles are restricted to discrete variables or suppose a discretization of continuous data. However, when working with real data, the discretization choices are critical for the quality of the model learned by LFIT. In this paper, we focus on a method that learns the dynamics of the system directly from continuous time-series data. For this purpose, we propose a modelling of continuous dynamics by logic programs composed of rules whose conditions and conclusions represent continuums of values

Epidemiology and risk factors for ureteral stent-associated urinary tract infections in non-transplanted renal patients: a systematic review of the literature

International audiencePathophysiology and risk factors for Ureteral Stent-Associated Urinary Tract Infection (USAUTI) have been poorly investigated. This situation results in highly diverse practices regarding USAUTI prevention, diagnosis and treatment. The aim of the present study was to describe the epidemiology and risk factors for USAUTI in non-transplanted patients

Recommendations of the AFU Infectious Diseases Committee on the prevention, diagnosis and treatment of infections of endo-ureteral equipment

International audienceIntroduction: No recent national guidelines exist regarding the management of urinary tract infections (UTIs) in the presence of ureteral stent. This situation could lead to discrepancies in clinical management and less opportunity for a favorable patient's outcome.Methods: All available data published on Medline® between 1998 and 2018 were systematically searched and reviewed. All papers assessing adult patients carrying ureteral stent were included for analysis. After studies critical analysis, national guidelines for clinical management were elaborated in order to answer clinical questions.Results: A total of 451 articles were identified, of which 58 have been included. The prevalence of urinary tract infections in the presence of ureteral stent remains unknown. After 3 months, all endo-ureteral devices were colonized on microbiological study. These patients also presented a positive urine culture in 25 to 70% of the cases, often polymicrobial. Staphylococci, E. coli, Klebsiella, Pseudomonas, Enterococcus and Candida were the commonest micro-organisms responsible for urinary colonization or infection. The risk of UTI on endo-ureteral devices seemed higher the longer it stayed implanted. There is no justification in the literature to recommend a systematic change of endo-ureteral devices following a urinary tract infection.Discussion: The existing literature is rich but of poor methodological quality, and therefore does not allow to draw robust conclusions. The greatest difficulty faced in this work was to accurately differentiate urinary colonizations from true infections, including clinical symptoms and not only microbiological results.Conclusion: These guidelines propose a standardized management of such common clinical situations. Well-designed studies are needed to upgrade the level of evidence of these guidelines

Effect of non-invasive ventilation after extubation in critically ill patients with obesity in France: a multicentre, unblinded, pragmatic randomised clinical trial

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