Women Miners\u27 Fight for Parental Leave

[Excerpt] In the late 1970s, for the first time in our nation\u27s history, coal miners started getting pregnant. In many cases, the mother had spent years fighting to get her coal mining job, fought against sexual harassment and discrimination in the mines, and worked hard to prove her competence and gain acceptance as a miner. For some, pregnancy forced them to quit their jobs, give up their seniority and lose their health insurance just when they needed it most. For others, pregnancy meant worries about the potential effects of mining on the fetus. In response to this problem and to the dramatic need of their union brothers, a small band of women miners—constituting less than 2% of the United Mine Workers of America— developed a campaign for parental leave as a formal employee benefit. At a minimum, parental leave would allow mothers and fathers to safeguard their jobs and insurance coverage while taking adequate time off to safely bring children into the world and to care for them during serious illnesses. The women miners have focused their campaign on two fronts simultaneously — building support for a parental leave clause in the UMWA contract and for federal legislation that would affect all working parents. Both approaches build on each other and connect with the efforts of women in other unions as momentum is gathering for a new approach to the relationship of family and work

Heat transfer characteristics of boiling neon and nitrogen in narrow annuli final report, apr. 1962 - sep. 1963

Heat transfer characteristics of boiling neon and nitrogen in narrow annul

Individuals with Recurrent Low Back Pain Exhibit Significant Changes of Paraspinal Muscle Performance after Lumbar Multifidus Intramuscular Fine Wire Electrode Insertion

STUDY DESIGN: Case control study. BACKGROUND: Recurrent low back pain (RLBP) is associated with paraspinal muscle dysfunction. Intramuscular electromyography (EMG) is a common tool for studying activation of the deep lumbar paraspinal muscles such as multifidi muscles, but it is currently currently unclear how muscle performance and activation are affected by the pain and micro-injury associated with intramuscular fine-wire electrode (IFWE) insertion and how it interacts with the presence of RLBP. OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to examine how IFWE insertion into the lumbar multifidus affects paraspinal muscle strength and endurance in subjects with and without RLBP. METHODS: Forty subjects aged 18 - 40 were recruited; 20 subjects with a history of RLBP were compared with a group of 20 age-matched controls with no RLBP. Paraspinal extensor strength and endurance were measured under three conditions over three testing days. On Day 1, the baseline condition (BL), we obtained preliminary measures of discomfort, force production, endurance, and muscle activation. On Days 2 and 3, the participants randomly alternated between the two experimental conditions: (i) a wire-in condition (WI) in which the IFWE was inserted and remained within the muscle and (ii) a wire-out condition (WO) in which the IFWE was inserted and immediately removed. Participants were blinded to the order of the fine-wire conditions. Subjective pain levels were recorded via the Visual Analog Scale at specific time points throughout the testing protocol. RESULTS: Individuals with RLBP showed a significant decrease in strength in both conditions that involved IFWE insertion. Controls showed no significant difference in strength across conditions. Both groups exhibited similar performance in the endurance test. CONCLUSION: Our findings indicate IFWE insertion into lumbar multifidus may lead to reduced peak spinal extensor muscle force production in individuals with a history of RLBP compared to healthy controls

Criteria for treatment selection of adult male public offenders

Thesis (M.S.)--Boston Universit

The APM Survey for Cool Carbon Stars in the Galactic Halo - II The Search for Dwarf Carbon Stars

We present proper motion measurements for carbon stars found during the APM Survey for Cool Carbon Stars in the Galactic Halo (Totten & Irwin, 1998). Measurements are obtained using a combination of POSSI, POSSII and UKST survey plates supplemented where necessary by CCD frames taken at the Isaac Newton Telescope. We find no significant proper motion for any of the new APM colour-selected carbon stars and so conclude that there are no dwarf carbon stars present within this sample. We also present proper motion measurements for three previously known dwarf carbon stars and demonstrate that these measurements agree favourably with those previously quoted in the literature, verifying our method of determining proper motions. Results from a complimentary program of JHK photometry obtained at the South African Astronomical Observatory are also presented. Dwarf carbon stars are believed to have anomalous near-infrared colours, and this feature is used for further investigation of the nature of the APM carbon stars. Our results support the use of JHK photomtery as a dwarf/giant discriminator and also reinforce the conclusion that none of the new APM-selected carbon stars are dwarfs. Finally, proper motion measurements combined with extant JHK photometry are presented for a sample of previously known Halo carbon stars, suggesting that one of these stars, CLS29, is likely to be a previously unrecognised dwarf carbon star.Comment: 13 pages, 5 figures, accepted for publication in MNRAS, Also available at http://www.astro.keele.ac.uk/~ejt/publications.htm

The Effects of Nursing Care on the Patient Experiencing a Stillborn Birth

Childbirth has the potential of being one of the most joyous and fulfilling experiences a woman goes through in her entire life. Being a mom, driving the kids to soccer practice, and sitting around the Christmas tree with the family can easily be seen as an ideal life. Conversely, the negative experiences with childbirth are rarely discussed. There is an overlooked category: moms who conceive but lose the baby in the womb. Not only are these women overlooked, but also the hospital care they receive proves inconsistent with the latest research. Nurses and doctors should be aware of the latest research showing the most effective to way to treat moms and dads who have just experienced a stillbirth. The immense responsibility of being present for the patient physically, emotionally, and spiritually should not be lost on the nurse. A woman is bringing both death and life into the world simultaneously. Whatever the cause of the premature death, the pain remains long after the tragic loss. Although the loss of a neonate is undoubtedly a delicate and uncomfortable situation, it is for these reasons this topic needs to be addressed

Rotation and activity in the solar-type stars of NGC 2547

We present high resolution spectroscopy of a sample of 24 solar-type stars in the young (15-40 Myr), open cluster, NGC 2547. We use our spectra to confirm cluster membership in 23 of these stars, determine projected equatorial velocities and chromospheric activity, and to search for the presence of accretion discs. We have found examples of both fast (vsini>50kms) and slow (vsini<10kms) rotators, but find no evidence for active accretion in any of the sample. The distribution of projected rotation velocities is indistinguishable from the slightly older IC 2391 and IC 2602 clusters, implying similar initial angular momentum distributions and circumstellar disc lifetimes. The presence of very slow rotators indicates that either long (10-40 Myr) disc lifetimes or internal differential rotation are needed, or that NGC 2547 (and IC 2391/2602) were born with more slowly rotating stars than are presently seen in even younger clusters and associations. The solar-type stars in NGC 2547 follow a similar rotation-activity relationship to that seen in older clusters. X-ray activity increases until a saturation level is reached for vsini>15-20kms. We are unable to explain why this saturation level, of log (L_x/L_bol)~-3.3, is a factor of two lower than in other clusters, but rule out anomalously slow rotation rates or uncertainties in X-ray flux calculations.Comment: Accepted by MNRA

UNINTENTIONAL RF RADIATION AND RECEPTION IN COAXIAL CABLE TRANSMISSION LINES DUE TO SHEATH CONDUCTOR FAULTS

Despite the ever-growing amount of fiber optics deployed in wireline communications networks, coaxial cable is still a significant component. It is present in the radio frequency (RF) portion of hybrid-fiber-coaxial (HFC) communications networks typically employed in cable telecommunications (CATV) systems which service the majority of US households. Sheath faults in coaxial cables are a common problem for the industry and lead to unwanted and costly ingress or egress of signals into or out of the network. Common-mode currents have been previously identified as a source of ingress or egress for a variety of shielded cables in a number of industrial applications. This paper analyzes the electromagnetic properties of coaxial cable sheath faults to demonstrate that common-mode currents are the principal mechanism explaining the observed radiative properties of such faults, particularly in the lower frequency ranges, e.g. the 5-42 MHz upstream band employed by most U.S. cable system operators. Empirical measurements from coaxial test segments of a variety of sheath faults and configurations are shown to be consistent with results from computer simulations and analytical models of the physical samples. These results in turn are found to support conversion between common-mode and differential-mode currents as the primary causative agent. These findings can be used to better understand the causal mechanisms and requisite conditions for ingress and egress to develop in communications networks, and thereby improve methods to detect, remediate, and prevent sources of network impairment arising from compromised coaxial sheath conductors

Credit Reform and the States: The Vital Role of Attorneys General After Dodd-Frank

Article published in the Iowa Law Review