Pengembangan Teknologi Plasma Dingin Untuk Modifikasi Karakteristik Permukaan Material Tanpa Mengubah Sifat Dasar Material

Plasma dingin (Cold/Non thermal Plasma) telah menjadi salah satu teknologi baru yang sangat berkembang saat ini. Hal ini terjadi karena plasma dingin menggunakan prinsip gas reaktif yang memiliki kemampuan untuk memodifikasi sifat permukaan dari material atau produk tanpa mengubah karakteristik asli (bulk properties) dari material atau produk tersebut. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah mengembangkan sebuah sistem plasma dingin yang beroperasi pada tekanan atmosferik dan menginvestigasi pengaruh dari perlakuan plasma dingin terhadap Perubahan karakteristik permukaan dari material polimer polypropylene(PE) pada berbagai kondisi Perubahan waktu. Plasma sistem yang berhasil kami kembangkan dengan gas Argon bersifat glow discharge dengan suhu mencapai 330C dapat beroperasi pada tekanan atmosferik. Hasil dari percobaan dari perlakuan plasma discharge pada material PE menunjukkan bahwa terjadi Perubahan sifat permukaan material dari hidrofobik (tidak suka air) menjadi hidrofilik (suka air) dan level hidrofiliknya menjadi semakin besar dengan semakin lamanya waktu perlakuan plasma. Konfirmasi akan hal ini ditunjukkan dengan sudut kontak (contact angle) dari tetesan air (water bead) pada permukaan PE yang semakin kecil

Finite spin-glass transition of the ±J\pm J XY model in three dimensions

A three-dimensional $\pm J$ XY spin-glass model is investigated by a nonequilibrium relaxation method. We have introduced a new criterion for the finite-time scaling analysis. A transition temperature is obtained by a crossing point of obtained data. The scaling analysis on the relaxation functions of the spin-glass susceptibility and the chiral-glass susceptibility shows that both transitions occur simultaneously. The result is checked by relaxation functions of the Binder parameters and the glass correlation lengths of the spin and the chirality. Every result is consistent if we consider that the transition is driven by the spin degrees of freedom.Comment: 11 pages, 8 figures, incorrect arguments are delete

Immediate-early gene expression in human saphenous veins harvested during coronary artery bypass graft operations

Saphenous vein graft occlusion is a common late complication of coronary bypass grafting. Intimal smooth muscle cell hyperplasia is a component of this pathobiology, but the underlying molecular events are poorly understood. Immediate-early genes are activated shortly after growth stimulation and subserve cellular functions, which may contribute to intimal smooth muscle cell accumulation. In the present study, human saphenous vein grafts were harvested with minimal manipulation during coronary bypass and processed for isolation of total ribonucleic acid to examine changes in immediate-early gene expression of messenger ribonucleic acid by Northern blotting techniques. Thirty saphenous vein grafts were incubated at 4° C in Dulbecco's modified Eagle media from 30 minutes to 10 hours. The messenger ribonucleic acids for immediate-early genes c-fos and c-myc were weak or undetectable in controls but were increased (>10 times controls) within 1 hour (c-fos) and persisted for at least 6 hours (c-myc) after harvest. Our results demonstrate, for the first time in human vascular tissue, incipient immediate-early gene induction. This information may lead to molecular therapies to control saphenous vein graft disease

Vanishing of the negative-sign problem of quantum Monte Carlo simulations in one-dimensional frustrated spin systems

The negative-sign problem in one-dimensional frustrated quantum spin systems is solved. We can remove negative signs of the local Boltzmann weights by using a dimer basis that has the spin-reversal symmetry. Validity of this new basis is checked in a general frustrated double-spin-chain system, namely the J_0-J_1-J_2-J_3 model. The negative sign vanishes perfectly for $J_0 + J_1 \leq J_3$.Comment: 4 pages, REVTeX, 4 figures in eps-file

Renewing Criminalized and Hegemonic Cultural Landscapes

The Mafia's long historical pedigree in Mezzogiorno, Southern Italy, has empowered the Mafioso as a notorious, uncontested, and hegemonic figure. The counter-cultural resistance against the mafiosi culture began to be institutionalized in the early 1990s. Today, Libera Terra is the largest civil society organization in the country that uses the lands confiscated from the Mafia as a space of cultural repertoire to realize its ideals. Deploying labor force through volunteer participation, producing biological fruits and vegetables, and providing information to the students on the fields are the principal cultural practices of this struggle. The confiscated lands make the Italian experience of anti-Mafia resistance a unique example by connecting the land with the ideals of cultural change. The sociocultural resistance of Libera Terra conveys a political message through these practices and utters that the Mafia is not invincible. This study draws the complex panorama of the Mafia and anti-Mafia movement that uses the ‘confiscated lands’ as cultural and public spaces for resistance and socio-cultural change. In doing so, this article sheds new light on the relationship between rural criminology and crime prevention policies in Southern Italy by demonstrating how community development practice of Libera Terra changes the meaning of landscape through iconographic symbolism and ethnographic performance

Highly Chemoselective NH- and O-Transfer to Thiols Using Hypervalent Iodine Reagents: Synthesis of Sulfonimidates and Sulfonamides

Aryl thiols can be selectively converted to sulfonimidates or sulfonamides with three new S-X connections being made selectively in one pot. Using hypervalent iodine reagents in the presence of ammonium carbamate, NH- and O-groups are transferred under mild and practical conditions. Reducing the loading of ammonium carbamate changed the product distribution, converting the sulfonimidate to the sulfonamide. Studies into the possible intermediate species are presented, suggesting that multiple pathways may be possible via sulfinate esters, or related intermediates, with each species forming the same products

Synthesis of NH-sulfoximines from sulfides by chemoselective one-pot N- and O-transfers

Direct synthesis of NH-sulfoximines from sulfides has been achieved through O and NH transfer in the same reaction, occurring with complete selectivity. The reaction is mediated by bisacetoxyiodobenzene under simple conditions and employs inexpensive N-sources. Preliminary studies indicate that NH-transfer is likely to be first, followed by oxidation, but the reaction proceeds successfully in either order. A wide range of functional groups and biologically relevant compounds are tolerated. The use of AcO15NH4 affords 15N-labeled compounds

Infinitesimal incommensurate stripe phase in an axial next-nearest-neighbor Ising model in two dimensions

An axial next-nearest-neighbor Ising (ANNNI) model is studied by using the non-equilibrium relaxation method. We find that the incommensurate stripe phase between the ordered phase and the paramagnetic phase is negligibly narrow or may vanish in the thermodynamic limit. The phase transition is the second-order transition if approached from the ordered phase, and it is of the Kosterlitz-Thouless type if approached from the paramagnetic phase. Both transition temperatures coincide with each other within the numerical errors. The incommensurate phase which has been observed previously is a paramagnetic phase with a very long correlation length (typically $\xi\ge 500$). We could resolve this phase by treating very large systems ($\sim 6400\times 6400$), which is first made possible by employing the present method.Comment: 12 pages, 10 figures. To appear in Phys.Rev.

The State of the Art in Deep Learning Applications, Challenges, and Future Prospects::A Comprehensive Review of Flood Forecasting and Management

Floods are a devastating natural calamity that may seriously harm both infrastructure and people. Accurate flood forecasts and control are essential to lessen these effects and safeguard populations. By utilizing its capacity to handle massive amounts of data and provide accurate forecasts, deep learning has emerged as a potent tool for improving flood prediction and control. The current state of deep learning applications in flood forecasting and management is thoroughly reviewed in this work. The review discusses a variety of subjects, such as the data sources utilized, the deep learning models used, and the assessment measures adopted to judge their efficacy. It assesses current approaches critically and points out their advantages and disadvantages. The article also examines challenges with data accessibility, the interpretability of deep learning models, and ethical considerations in flood prediction. The report also describes potential directions for deep-learning research to enhance flood predictions and control. Incorporating uncertainty estimates into forecasts, integrating many data sources, developing hybrid models that mix deep learning with other methodologies, and enhancing the interpretability of deep learning models are a few of these. These research goals can help deep learning models become more precise and effective, which will result in better flood control plans and forecasts. Overall, this review is a useful resource for academics and professionals working on the topic of flood forecasting and management. By reviewing the current state of the art, emphasizing difficulties, and outlining potential areas for future study, it lays a solid basis. Communities may better prepare for and lessen the destructive effects of floods by implementing cutting-edge deep learning algorithms, thereby protecting people and infrastructure