PENGARUH PAKAN YANG DISUPLEMENTASIKAN DENGAN LECITHIN KEDELAI DAN LALAT TENTARA HITAM TERHADAP KINERJA PERTUMBUHAN DAN PEMANFAATAN LIPID IKAN MAS (Cyprinus carpio L.)

Dalam penelitian ini, pengaruh suplementasi larva lalat tantara hitam kering yang mengandung lesitin kedelai (SBL) dievaluasi terhadap performa pertumbuhan, parameter biokimia, dan retensi nutrisi ikan mas (Cyprinus carpio L.). Tiga jenis pakan diuji: pakan DBSFL 20% DBSFLD tanpa tepung ikan dan SBL, pakan tanpa memasukkan tepung ikan dan dengan memasukkan SBL, dan pakan kontrol (CONT; 20% tepung ikan). Studi pemberian pakan dilakukan selama empat minggu. Tingkat pertumbuhan spesifik ikan yang diberi pakan DBSFL (9,48 ± 0,05b) dan SBLD (9,47 ± 0,08b) secara signifikan lebih rendah daripada ikan yang diberi pakan CONT (9,79 ± 0,15 a). Tak satu pun dari perlakuan cukup mengubah retensi protein ikan. Namun, ada perbedaan substansial antara kelompok SBL dan CONT dalam hal retensi lipid. Meskipun kadar trigliserida plasma tidak berbeda nyata 8 jam setelah pemberian pakan, ikan yang diberi makan SBLD cenderung memiliki kadar TG terendah. Kesimpulannya, pemberian pakan DBSFL 20% berdampak negatif pada konsumsi lipid, dan efek negatif ini tidak dapat dikembalikan dengan pemberian SBL; karenanya, meningkatkan kadar lesitin kedelai dalam pakan DBSFL mungkin bukan strategi yang layak. Untuk menjelaskan mekanisme kerja pemanfaatan lipid yang buruk oleh makanan DBSFL dan penawarnya, diperlukan penelitian tambahan.Dalam penelitian ini, pengaruh suplementasi larva lalat tantara hitam kering yang mengandung lesitin kedelai (SBL) dievaluasi terhadap performa pertumbuhan, parameter biokimia, dan retensi nutrisi ikan mas (Cyprinus carpio L.). Tiga jenis pakan diuji: pakan DBSFL 20% DBSFLD tanpa tepung ikan dan SBL, pakan tanpa memasukkan tepung ikan dan dengan memasukkan SBL, dan pakan kontrol (CONT; 20% tepung ikan). Studi pemberian pakan dilakukan selama empat minggu. Tingkat pertumbuhan spesifik ikan yang diberi pakan DBSFL (9,48 ± 0,05b) dan SBLD (9,47 ± 0,08b) secara signifikan lebih rendah daripada ikan yang diberi pakan CONT (9,79 ± 0,15 a). Tak satu pun dari perlakuan cukup mengubah retensi protein ikan. Namun, ada perbedaan substansial antara kelompok SBL dan CONT dalam hal retensi lipid. Meskipun kadar trigliserida plasma tidak berbeda nyata 8 jam setelah pemberian pakan, ikan yang diberi makan SBLD cenderung memiliki kadar TG terendah. Kesimpulannya, pemberian pakan DBSFL 20% berdampak negatif pada konsumsi lipid, dan efek negatif ini tidak dapat dikembalikan dengan pemberian SBL; karenanya, meningkatkan kadar lesitin kedelai dalam pakan DBSFL mungkin bukan strategi yang layak. Untuk menjelaskan mekanisme kerja pemanfaatan lipid yang buruk oleh makanan DBSFL dan penawarnya, diperlukan penelitian tambahan

Nutritional Evaluation of Several Protein Sources for Yellowtail (Seriola quinqueradiata)

Nutritional value of brown fish meal (BFM), soy protein concentrate (SPC) and corn gluten meal (CGM) for young yellowtail diets was evaluated by biological and biochemical methods. These proteins were incorporated at 30 - 50% of the diet as the only source of protein. The highest growth, feed efficiency, apparent protein digestibility, PER, NPU and BV were obtained from BFM-fed fish group while the lowest values were CGM-fed fish group, excluding BV which was similar between SPC and CGM. There was no apparent relationship between arginase or citrate synthase activities and protein sources. Blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and RNA concentrations of BFM- and SPC-fed fish groups tended to increase with increasing protein level, but those of CGM-fed fish group remained practically the same. Low protein utilization of SPC and CGM are attributed to their unbalance amino acid profiles and that of CGM is also due to poor digestibility. Among the examined biochemical parameters, BUN may provide useful indication for protein quality evaluation, though clear results were not obtained. At present, NPU and BV are useful parameters because clear growth differences due to dietary nutrition are seen in a rapidly growing fish such as yellowtail

Effect of ration level on non-fecal nitrogen excretion of juvenile yellowtail (Seriola quinqueradiata)

Post-feeding non-fecal nitrogen excretion was determined for juvenile yellowtail in a closed tank system. The highest ammonia excretion value was noticeable 2 hr post-feeding, while the urea excretion rate was highest at 4 hr post-feeding. The ammonia excretion rate of fish fed the lowest ration (1.4%bw) was a half of that of fish fed the highest ration (4.1% bw). The equivalent energy value from ammonia was in the range of 8.7 to 18.0 (KJ/kg bw/day) under present feeding condition

Bioavailability of modified forms of methionine in yellowtail and rainbow trout

Bioavailability of modified methionine products, oligo-L-methionine (OM) and β-1,3-glucan (curdlan) coating methionine was examine by absorbability study in yellowtail (exp-1) and growth study in rainbow trout (exp-2). Effects of feeding frequency on crystaline methionine utilization was also examined in the rainbow trout (exp-2). Plasma free methionine levels increased in yellowtail fed curdlan coating methionine but the levels did not change in OM fed fish. In the feeding study, despite a good absorption of curdlan coating methionine, growth rate of curdlan coating methionine was inferior to crystalline methionine fed group. No growth difference was noted in fish fed a crystalline methionine supplement group either two or four times feeding a day. These results suggested that bioavailability of OM is inferior to curdlan coating methionine. However, the latter product did not give the same growth performance as crystalline methionine

GROWTH AND PROTEIN CONTENT OF Ulva prolifera MAINTAINED AT DIFFERENT FLOW RATES IN INTEGRATED AQUACULTURE SYSTEM

Efforts to reduce the impact of waste improvement on degradation of water quality can be transferred by utilization of inorganic waste as a source of seaweed nutrition. This study aimed to determine the growth and protein content of Ulva prolifera maintained at different flow rates in integrated aquaculture system. 9 Yellowtail stocked with 5.095 g with an average weight of 566.11±81.51 g were kept in 540 L tank for 24 days, by water flowing at the rate of 10 L min-1. Water from the fish tank was distributed into the sediment tank and go to 6 Ulva tanks with the flow rate of 0.5, 1.0 and 1.5 L min-1. Test parameters measured were growth performance of Yellowtail, biomass of Ulva prolifera, protein content of Ulva prolifera, and total ammonia nitrogen. The measurement results showed that the biomass of fish increased to 5.408 g, then biomass of Ulva increased to 42 g, 156 g and 155 g for flow rate of 0.5 L, 1 L and 1.5 L min-1, respectively. The protein content of Ulva for all the treatments was the same (P> 0.05). A total of ammonia in the tank outlet of Ulva (0.0202 - 0.1137 mg N L-1) were smaller than those were in the inlet (0.0286 - 0.1394 mg N L-1)

Dispersion of Artificial Caesium-134 and -137 in the Western North Pacific One Month After the Fukushima Accident

In March 2011, an accident at the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant (FNPP) was caused by the Tohoku earthquake and tsunami. Here we show the distribution of artificial caesium-134 and -137 (134Cs and 137Cs) in the western North Pacific one month after the FNPP accident. In surface seawater, 137Cs concentrations were from several times to two orders of magnitude higher than before the FNPP accident. 134Cs was also detected, and in many seawater samples the 134Cs/137Cs ratio was about 1. These findings indicate that radionuclides from the FNPP dispersed quickly in the western North Pacific. 134Cs and 137Cs concentrations in suspended solids and zooplankton at stations K2 and S1 were also one to two orders higher than before the accident. Numerical simulation results show that the higher caesium observed in the western North Pacific one month after the FNPP accident was transported not only by diffusion and advection of seawater but also via the atmosphere as an aerosol.Abstract presented at Ocean Sciences Meeting 2012, the Oceanography Society, ASLO, AGU, Salt Lake City, Utah, Feb. 20-24, 201

DOCK2 is involved in the host genetics and biology of severe COVID-19

「コロナ制圧タスクフォース」COVID-19疾患感受性遺伝子DOCK2の重症化機序を解明 --アジア最大のバイオレポジトリーでCOVID-19の治療標的を発見--. 京都大学プレスリリース. 2022-08-10.Identifying the host genetic factors underlying severe COVID-19 is an emerging challenge. Here we conducted a genome-wide association study (GWAS) involving 2, 393 cases of COVID-19 in a cohort of Japanese individuals collected during the initial waves of the pandemic, with 3, 289 unaffected controls. We identified a variant on chromosome 5 at 5q35 (rs60200309-A), close to the dedicator of cytokinesis 2 gene (DOCK2), which was associated with severe COVID-19 in patients less than 65 years of age. This risk allele was prevalent in East Asian individuals but rare in Europeans, highlighting the value of genome-wide association studies in non-European populations. RNA-sequencing analysis of 473 bulk peripheral blood samples identified decreased expression of DOCK2 associated with the risk allele in these younger patients. DOCK2 expression was suppressed in patients with severe cases of COVID-19. Single-cell RNA-sequencing analysis (n = 61 individuals) identified cell-type-specific downregulation of DOCK2 and a COVID-19-specific decreasing effect of the risk allele on DOCK2 expression in non-classical monocytes. Immunohistochemistry of lung specimens from patients with severe COVID-19 pneumonia showed suppressed DOCK2 expression. Moreover, inhibition of DOCK2 function with CPYPP increased the severity of pneumonia in a Syrian hamster model of SARS-CoV-2 infection, characterized by weight loss, lung oedema, enhanced viral loads, impaired macrophage recruitment and dysregulated type I interferon responses. We conclude that DOCK2 has an important role in the host immune response to SARS-CoV-2 infection and the development of severe COVID-19, and could be further explored as a potential biomarker and/or therapeutic target

Replacing moringa leaf (Moringa oleifera) partially by protein replacement in soybean meal of fancy carp (Cyprinus carpio)

Moringa oleifera Lam (Moringaceae) is a highly valued plant, distributed in many countries of the tropics and subtropics.The leaves are the protein source with an adequate profile of amino acids. The present study was undertaken in orderto determine the effect of a dietary of moringa leaves on digestibility and growth performance of fancy carp. Fish were fedwith diets containing isonitrogenouse and isoenergetic formulated by 20 and 50 g kg-1 of moringa leaves to replace protein insoybean. Fish were distributed in 500-liter tanks with flow-through water. Every fish was weighed and after the terminalexperiment, all groups’ livers and distal intestines were sampled. All fish grew normally (p>0.05) but fish fed with proteinreplacingmoringa leaves at 50 g kg-1 were noted to exhibit slightly poor growth performance and feed utilization. The studyindicated that the tested moringa leaf diet contains ingredients that could be used for fancy carp diets with possibly notover up to 20 g kg-1 soybean protein replacement without negative effect on growth and digestibility