Aulas de Geografia no ensino fundamental II e a questão da avaliação: as concepções de erro escolar em turams de 6º e 9º ano de uma Escola Estadual de Foz do Iguaçu/PR em 2019

Trabalho de Conclusão de Curso apresentado ao Instituto Latino-Americano de Tecnologia, Infraestrutura e Território da Universidade Federal da Integração Latino-Americana, como requisito parcial à obtenção do título de licenciado em Geografia. Orientadora: Prof. Dra Léia Aparecida VeigaÉ comum professores no ensino básico associarem a concepção de erro ao fracasso escolar e, por sua vez, menos comum a associação do erro escolar a ideia de diagnostico para o/a docente trabalhar com o estudante ou de erro como uma hipótese que contribuirá no avanço do aprendizado do/as estudante. Os/as estudantes por sua vez acabam por assimilar a ideia de erro como algo ruim, que deve ser combatido e que ocorre na escola quando o sujeito não tem capacidade cognitiva. Levando em consideração a questão do erro escolar, buscou responder a pergunta: nas aulas de geografia, como os estudantes do ensino fundamental II concebem o erro e como eles reagem ao errar? Objetivou-se com esse artigo levantar e discutir as representações sociais sobre erro nas aulas de geografia dos/as estudantes em turmas de 6 º e 9 º anos de uma escola estadual em Foz do Iguaçu/PR em 2019. Trata-se de uma pesquisa de abordagem qualitativa ao passo que se utilizou as representações sociais dos estudantes. Os procedimentos de pesquisa englobaram levantamento bibliográfico e também das representações sociais dos estudantes por meio de desenhos. Verificou-se que ainda é muito forte a ideia de erro como fracasso e de sentimentos negativos entre os estudantes. É importante discutir sobre a concepção de erro seja na formação inicial seja nas formações continuadas, levando os professores refletirem sobre suas práticas e o erro, passando a compreendê-lo como algo positivo e necessário para o/a estudante avançar na construção do seu conhecimento, em que pese nas aulas de geografiaIt is common for teachers in basic education to associate the concept of error with school failure and, in turn, the association of school error with the idea of diagnosis for the teacher to work with the student or of error as less likely to contribute to progress of the student's learning. The students in turn end up assimilating the idea of error as something bad, which must be combated and which occurs at school when the subject has no cognitive capacity. Taking into account the issue of school error, it sought to answer the question: in geography classes, how do elementary school students conceive of error and how do they react when they make mistakes? The objective of this article was to raise and discuss the social representations about error in the geography classes of students in classes of 6th and 9th years of a state school in Foz do Iguaçu / PR in 2019. This is a research qualitative approach while students' social representations were used. The research procedures included a bibliographic survey and also the students' social representations through drawings. It was found that the idea of error as failure and negative feelings among students is still very strong. It is important to discuss the concept of error, whether in initial training or in continuing education, leading teachers to reflect on their practices and error, starting to understand it as something positive and necessary for the student to advance in the construction of their knowledge, in spite of geography classe

Variation in yellowfin tuna (Thunnus albacares) catches related to El Niño-Southern Oscillation events at the entrance to the Gulf of California

Fishery catch data on yellowfin tuna (Thunnus albacares) were examined to study the effects of El Niño events between 1990 and 1999 for an area in the northeastern tropical Pacific (18−24°N, 112−104°W). The data were extracted from a database of logbook records from the Mexican tuna purse-seine f leet. Latitudinal distribution of the catches increased from south to north for the 10-year period. Highest catches and effort were concentrated between 22°N and 23°N. This area accumulated 48% of the total catch over the 10year period. It was strongly correlated with El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) events. At least two periods of exceptionally high catches occurred following El Niño events in 1991 and 1997. Peaks of catches were triggered by the arrival of positive anomalies of sea surface temperature (SST) to the area. A delay of two to four months was observed between the occurrence of maximum SST anomalies at the equator and peaks of catch. Prior to these two events, negative SST anomalies were the dominant feature in the study area and catch was extremely low. This trend of negative SST anomalies with low catches followed by positive SST anomalies and high catches may be attributed to northward yellowfin tuna migration patterns driven by El Niño forcing, a result that contrasts with the known behavior of decreasing relative abundance of these tuna after El Niño events in the eastern Pacific. However, this decrease in relative abundance may be the result of a local or subregional effect

Forecasting Food Price Inflation in Developing Countries with Inflation Targeting Regimes: the Colombian Case

Many developing countries are adopting inflation targeting regimes to guide monetary policy decisions. In such countries the share of food in the consumption basket is high and policy makers often employ total inflation (as opposed to core inflation) to set inflationary targets. Therefore, central banks need to develop reliable models to forecast food inflation. Our literature review suggests that little has been done in the construction of models to forecast short-run food inflation in developing countries. We develop a model to improve short-run food inflation forecasts in Colombia. The model disaggregates food items according to economic theory and employs Flexible Least Squares given the presence of structural changes in the inflation series. We compare the performance of this new model to current models employed by the central bank. Next, we apply econometric methods to combine forecasts from alternative models and test whether such combination outperforms individual models. Our results indicate that forecasts can be improved by classifying food basket items according to unprocessed, processed and food away from home and by employing forecast combination techniques.Food Inflation, Time Series,

Finding the Self through Travel: A Psychoanalytic Analysis of Self-Discovery and Transformation in Travel Writing

My thesis addresses the themes of self-discovery and transformation in travel literature. The travel writing narrative reinforces a cultural and personal consciousness in which mobility, observation, curiosity, accuracy, and imagination become qualities fundamental to understanding oneself. Journeys of self-discovery are a popular form of narrative in travel literature. Using Paulo Coelho’s The Alchemist, William Least Heat-Moon’s Blue Highways: A Journey into America, and Elizabeth Gilbert’s Eat, Pray, Love, I argue that the combination of the characters being in a foreign environment and searching for their identities reflects the reader’s dreams and desire for exploration and self-discovery. The characters in these novels go on a journey where they not only discover new parts of the world but also something new about themselves. I will address these themes using the reader theory from psychoanalytic criticism as well as look at how writing and reading materialize unconscious thoughts. Understanding these theories allows for a study of the reader’s response, reaction, and interpretation of the text. In the end, change and transformation in travel literature are both physical and mental, affecting not only the places visited but also the characters and the reader’s mind. This transformation can sometimes be difficult to accept but travel narratives encourage us not to resist change but to adapt to it

Search for associations containing young stars (SACY). V. Is multiplicity universal? Tight multiple systems

Context: Dynamically undisrupted, young populations of stars are crucial to study the role of multiplicity in relation to star formation. Loose nearby associations provide us with a great sample of close ($<$150 pc) Pre-Main Sequence (PMS) stars across the very important age range ($\approx$5-70 Myr) to conduct such research. Aims: We characterize the short period multiplicity fraction of the SACY (Search for Associations Containing Young stars) accounting for any identifiable bias in our techniques and present the role of multiplicity fractions of the SACY sample in the context of star formation. Methods: Using the cross-correlation technique we identified double-lined spectroscopic systems (SB2), in addition to this we computed Radial Velocity (RV) values for our subsample of SACY targets using several epochs of FEROS and UVES data. These values were used to revise the membership of each association then combined with archival data to determine significant RV variations across different data epochs characteristic of multiplicity; single-lined multiple systems (SB1). Results: We identified 7 new multiple systems (SB1s: 5, SB2s: 2). We find no significant difference between the short period multiplicity fraction ($F_\mathrm{m}$) of the SACY sample and that of nearby star forming regions ($\approx$1-2 Myr) and the field ($F_\mathrm{m}\leq$10%) both as a function of age and as a function of primary mass, $M_1$, in the ranges $P$ [1:200 day] and $M_2$ [0.08 $M_{\odot}$-$M_1$]. Conclusions: Our results are consistent with the picture of universal star formation, when compared to the field and nearby star forming regions (SFRs). We comment on the implications of the relationship between increasing multiplicity fraction with primary mass, within the close companion range, in relation to star formation.Comment: 14 pages, 18 figures, published, A&A http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/20142385

Search for Associations Containing Young stars (SACY): Chemical tagging IC 2391 & the Argus association

We explore the possible connection between the open cluster IC 2391 and the unbound Argus association identified by the SACY survey. In addition to common kinematics and ages between these two systems, here we explore their chemical abundance patterns to confirm if the two substructures shared a common origin. We carry out a homogenous high-resolution elemental abundance study of eight confirmed members of IC 2391 as well as six members of the Argus association using UVES spectra. We derive spectroscopic stellar parameters and abundances for Fe, Na, Mg, Al, Si, Ca, Ti, Cr, Ni and Ba. All stars in the open cluster and Argus association were found to share similar abundances with the scatter well within the uncertainties, where [Fe/H] = -0.04 +/-0.03 for cluster stars and [Fe/H] = -0.06 +/-0.05 for Argus stars. Effects of over-ionisation/excitation were seen for stars cooler than roughly 5200K as previously noted in the literature. Also, enhanced Ba abundances of around 0.6 dex were observed in both systems. The common ages, kinematics and chemical abundances strongly support that the Argus association stars originated from the open cluster IC 2391. Simple modeling of this system find this dissolution to be consistent with two-body interactions.Comment: 17 pages, 7 figs, accepted for publication in MNRA

Accelerated aging and seedling field emergence in soybean

Information regarding the relationship between laboratory seed vigor testing and seedling field emergence is very important to estimate seed performance after sowing and help producers adopt the best procedures to improve stand establishment. The objective of the present study was to relate accelerated aging (AA) test results to soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merrill] seedling field emergence results based on data obtained over three agricultural years. The following evaluations were made: seed water content, standard germination, accelerated aging, electrical conductivity, and seedling field emergence. There was a close association between planting environmental conditions, seed physiological quality and seedling field emergence. The most accurate predictions were obtained for AA values >; 90%, when field emergence was higher than 80% (r² = 0.90). Based on the results it was concluded that the AA test provided an accurate estimate of field emergence of soybean seedlings. However, as seedbed environmental conditions became less favorable, the ability of the AA test to estimate field performance significantly decreased.Informações sobre a relação entre resultados de testes de vigor conduzidos em laboratório e da emergência de plântulas em campo são fundamentais para a tomada de decisões pelos produtores de sementes. O presente trabalho teve por objetivo verificar a associação entre os resultados do teste de envelhecimento acelerado e a emergência de plântulas de soja [Glycine max (L.) Merrill] em campo, em diferentes safras agrícolas e épocas de semeadura. Assim, foram efetuadas as seguintes avaliações: determinação do grau de umidade das sementes; testes de germinação, de envelhecimento acelerado e de condutividade elétrica, bem como emergência de plântulas em campo. A estimativa mais precisa do desempenho das plântulas em campo foi verificada numa faixa de valores de envelhecimento acelerado >; 90%, estimando emergência em campo superior a 80% (r² = 0,90). O teste de envelhecimento acelerado permitiu avaliar a emergência de plântulas de soja em campo. No entanto, à medida que as condições ambientais do local de semeadura foram desviando-se das mais adequadas, a eficiência decresceu