Metabolomic Phenotype of Hepatic Steatosis and Fibrosis in Mexican Children Living with Obesity

Background and Objectives: Metabolic-dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease or MASLD is the main cause of chronic liver diseases in children, and it is estimated to affect 35% of children living with obesity. This study aimed to identify metabolic phenotypes associated with two advanced stages of MASLD (hepatic steatosis and hepatic steatosis plus fibrosis) in Mexican children with obesity. Materials and Methods: This is a cross-sectional analysis derived from a randomized clinical trial conducted in children and adolescents with obesity aged 8 to 16 years. Anthropometric and biochemical data were measured, and targeted metabolomic analyses were carried out using mass spectrometry. Liver steatosis and fibrosis were estimated using transient elastography (Fibroscan® Echosens, Paris, France). Three groups were studied: a non-MASLD group, an MASLD group, and a group for MASLD + fibrosis. A partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) was performed to identify the discrimination between the study groups and to visualize the differences between their heatmaps; also, Variable Importance Projection (VIP) plots were graphed. A VIP score of \u3e1.5 was considered to establish the importance of metabolites and biochemical parameters that characterized each group. Logistic regression models were constructed considering VIP scores of \u3e1.5, and the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were estimated to evaluate different combinations of variables. Results: The metabolic MASLD phenotype was associated with increased concentrations of ALT and decreased arginine, glycine, and acylcarnitine (AC) AC5:1, while MASLD + fibrosis, an advanced stage of MASLD, was associated with a phenotype characterized by increased concentrations of ALT, proline, and alanine and a decreased Matsuda Index. Conclusions: The metabolic MASLD phenotype changes as this metabolic dysfunction progresses. Understanding metabolic disturbances in MASLD would allow for early identification and the development of intervention strategies focused on limiting the progression of liver damage in children and adolescents

Serum albumin level as a risk factor for mortality in burn patients

OBJECTIVE: Hypoalbuminemia is a common clinical deficiency in burn patients and is associated with complications related to increased extravascular fluid, including edema, abnormal healing, and susceptibility to sepsis. Some prognostic scales do not include biochemical parameters, whereas others consider them together with comorbidities. The purpose of this study was to determine whether serum albumin can predict mortality in burn patients. METHODS: We studied burn patients ≥16 years of age who had complete clinical documentation, including the Abbreviated Burn Severity Index, serum albumin, globulin, and lipids. Sensitivity and specificity analyses were performed to determine the cut-off level of albumin that predicts mortality. RESULTS: In our analysis of 486 patients, we found that mortality was higher for burns caused by flame (p = 0.000), full-thickness burns (p = 0.004), inhalation injuries (p = 0.000), burns affecting >;30% of the body surface area (p = 0.001), and burns associated with infection (p = 0.008). Protein and lipid levels were lower in the patients who died (

ODONTOLOGÍA PARA EL BEBÉ: MODELO DE ATENCIÓN EN SALUD PÚBLICA - PERÚ (PARTE 1)

Baby dentistry began in 1985 as a collaborative e!fort between the Un ivers it y of Londrina and FINEP, in response of world tendency to provide oral health a ttelltion for infallts and toddlers. , promoting educative and preventillg programs. Then, due to the successful results, public and private sector in Brazil adopted this concept . In Peru, tliere has been created the baby dentistry department in Instituto Especializado de Salud del Niño in September 1997, formed as part of a group of dental specialties in the hospital, mainly intended to provide oral health to children under 3 years old. In Peru as in many Latin-American countries, it lOas assumed that the First dental visit SllOllld start by 2 or 3 years oflife but according to some data reported in 1987 by Walter et al , tlzere lOas a high prevalen ce of dental caries in children betlOeen O and 30 months (34%). These results were coincident with otlzer works around the world. Therefore, most of the children under 3 years old could not have access to dental care, in spite of requirement of restorative treatment detected in the first visito In order to face this reality , the IESN has created baby dentistry department to provide early dental care to children under 3 years old. Patients are classified in two groups: those Who have not developed the disease , based upon the risk factors, and those who have developed the disease based in tile caries activity. Based in our experience and research, we show to the pediatric dentistry community a clinical pattern that can lead our work with this group of children.La odontología para el bebé surge en 1985 en la Universidad estadual de Londrina (UEL) -PR a través de un convenio con a FINEP , en respuesta a una tendencia mundial de atención odontológica en niños de baja edad, con el establecimiento de programas educativos y preventivos para el control de caries dental. De la aplicación del concepto atención odontológica a bebes y la divulgación de sus resultados paso a ser transferido al sector publico en el Brasil . En el Perú se ha implementando en setiembre de 1997 la unidad de bebé en el instituto especializado de salud del niño un programa destinado a la atención de niños menores de 3 años . En nuestro país como en muchos países latinoamericanos había un consenso dentro de la odontopediatría de cual era el momento ideal para comenzar los exámenes dentarios y los tratamientos , y ello era alrededor de los 2 o 3 años de edad pero estudios realizados en 1987 (Walter et al ;1986) demostraron que la prevalencia de caries en niños de 0- 30 meses de edad era alta (34%) que coincidía con datos mundiales. Por tanto gran parte de la población menor de 3 años era desasistida de la atención odontológica presentando necesidades curativas incluso antes del primer examen de rutina. Ante esta realidad el IESN implementa el servicio de odontología del bebe para brindar atención especializada a niños menores de 3 años distribuyendo en 2 grandes grupos : aquellos que no han desarrollado la enfermedad basados en el riesgo de caries y los que ya presentan la enfermedad basados en la actividad de caries De los años de trabajo e investigación, mostramos a la comunidad odontopediátrica un modelo de atención que puede guiar el trabajo en este grupo etáreo

Cambio climático. Acuerdos y contradicciones

El libro Cambio climático. Acuerdos y contradicciones es el resultado del trabajo continuo que desde hace casi una década realizan la Universidad Politécnica Salesiana de Ecuador y la Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana Unidad Azcapotzalco de México. Después de un intenso trabajo colaborativo que ha dado lugar a publicaciones, recepción de alumnos y alumnas, ciclos de conferencias y enriquecimiento mutuo; ahora damos un paso más y publicamos este trabajo. Se prefiguró en el Congreso de la Red Pilares en Santiago de Chile, donde luego de una mesa sobre Responsabilidad Social, acordamos continuar la discusión sobre los efectos que el neoliberalismo en América Latina había causado, enfrentando la reflexión de los derechos humanos, primero como un horizonte de interpretación y construcción de sentido en el proceso de comprensión de los efectos devastadores de este modelo económico y de práctica política, estatal y empresarial

Itópica Expresión Comunidad Radio

Documento final del Proyecto de Aplicación Profesional en el que se recopila la experiencia en la estación Itópica Radio durante el curso otoño 2014. Se tocan puntos medulares relacionados a este proyecto del ITESO, tales como la radio universitaria por internet y la historia de Itópica. De igual forma, se integra lo realizado por las diferentes disciplinas de los universitarios así como los conocimientos que aportaron, los resultados y los aprendizajes obtenidos. En este proyecto trabajaron alumnos de las licenciaturas en Ciencias de la Comunicación, Gestión Cultural, Diseño Integral y Psicología y de Ingeniería en Sistemas Computacionales

Itópica Expresión Comunidad Radio

Documento final del Proyecto de Aplicación Profesional en el que se recopila la experiencia en la estación Itópica Radio durante el curso otoño 2014. Se tocan puntos medulares relacionados a este proyecto del ITESO, tales como la radio universitaria por internet y la historia de Itópica. De igual forma, se integra lo realizado por las diferentes disciplinas de los universitarios así como los conocimientos que aportaron, los resultados y los aprendizajes obtenidos. En este proyecto trabajaron alumnos de las licenciaturas en Ciencias de la Comunicación, Gestión Cultural, Diseño Integral y Psicología y de Ingeniería en Sistemas Computacionales.ITESO, A.C

<i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i> Cell Wall Antigens Induce the Formation of Immune Complexes and the Development of Vasculitis in an Experimental Murine Model

Tuberculosis (TB) of the central nervous system (CNS) presents high mortality due to brain damage and inflammation events. The formation and deposition of immune complexes (ICs) in the brain microvasculature during Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) infection are crucial for its pathobiology. The relevance of ICs to Mtb antigens in the pathogenesis of CNS-TB has been poorly explored. Here, we aimed to establish a murine experimental model of ICs-mediated brain vasculitis induced by cell wall antigens of Mtb. We administered a cell wall extract of the prototype pathogenic Mtb strain H37Rv to male BALB/c mice by subcutaneous and intravenous routes. Serum concentration and deposition of ICs onto blood vessels were determined by polyethylene glycol precipitation, ELISA, and immunofluorescence. Histopathological changes in the brain, lung, spleen, liver, and kidney were evaluated by hematoxylin and eosin staining. Our results evidenced that vasculitis developed in the studied tissues. High serum levels of ICs and vascular deposition were evident in the brain, lung, and kidneys early after the last cell wall antigen administration. Cell wall Mtb antigens induce strong type III hypersensitivity reactions and the development of systemic vasculitis with brain vascular changes and meningitis, supporting a role for ICs in the pathogenesis of TB