Modelo de aprovechamiento sustentable de residuos sólidos orgánicos en Cundinamarca, Colombia

Introduction: This article considers a proposal of a model of use of organic solids waste for the department of Cundinamarca, which responds to the need for a tool to support decision-making for the planning and management of organic solids waste. Objective: To perform an approximation of a conceptual technical and mathematician optimization model to support decision-making in order to minimize environmental impacts. Materials and methods: A descriptive study was applied due to the fact that some fundamental characteristics of the studied homogeneous phenomenon are presented and it is also considered to be quasi experimental. The calculation of the model for plants of the department is based on three axes (environmental, economic and social), that are present in the general equation of optimization. Results: A model of harnessing organic solids waste in the techniques of biological treatment of composting aerobic and worm cultivation is obtained, optimizing the system with the emissions savings of greenhouse gases spread into the atmosphere, and in the reduction of the overall cost of final disposal of organic solids waste in sanitary landfill. Based on the economic principle of utility that determines the environmental feasibility and sustainability in the plants of harnessing organic solids waste to the department, organic fertilizers such as compost and humus capture carbon and nitrogen that reduce the tons of CO2

Control of Erigeron bonariensis with Thymbra capitata, Mentha piperita, Eucalyptus camaldulensis, and Santolina chamaecyparissus Essential Oils

[EN] In the search of sustainable and environmentally friendly methods for weed control, there is increasing interest in essential oils (EOs) as an approach to reduce synthetic herbicide use. The phytotoxicity of Thymbra capitata, Menthapiperita, Eucalyptus camaldulensis, and Santolina chamaecyparissus EOs against the noxious weed Erigeron bonariensis were evaluated in pre- and post-emergence assays in greenhouse conditions. The EOs were applied at 2, 4, and 8 mu L/mL, with Fitoil used as emulsifier. In post-emergence, two ways of application were tested, irrigation and spraying. Several germination parameters (germination %, mean germination time, and synchrony of the germination process) were evaluated in pre-emergence tests, and the phytotoxicity level was assessed in post-emergence. In pre-emergence, all EOs significantly reduced seed germination as compared to the controls, ranking: T. capitata > E. camaldulensis > S. chamaecyparissus > M. piperita. The effectiveness of all EOs varied with the tested dose, always following the rank 2 mu L < 4 mu L < 8 mu L, with T. capitata EO showing full effectiveness even at the lowest dose. In post-emergence, T. capitata was the most effective EO, inducing a rather complete inhibition of plantlet growth at the highest two doses. These EOs demonstrated to have good potential for the formulation of natural herbicides.Verdeguer Sancho, MM.; Castañeda, LG.; Torres-Pagan, N.; Llorens Molina, JA.; Carrubba, A. (2020). Control of Erigeron bonariensis with Thymbra capitata, Mentha piperita, Eucalyptus camaldulensis, and Santolina chamaecyparissus Essential Oils. Molecules. 25(3):1-22. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules25030562S122253Hüter, O. F. (2010). Use of natural products in the crop protection industry. Phytochemistry Reviews, 10(2), 185-194. doi:10.1007/s11101-010-9168-ySavary, S., Ficke, A., Aubertot, J.-N., & Hollier, C. (2012). Crop losses due to diseases and their implications for global food production losses and food security. Food Security, 4(4), 519-537. doi:10.1007/s12571-012-0200-5OERKE, E.-C. (2005). Crop losses to pests. The Journal of Agricultural Science, 144(1), 31-43. doi:10.1017/s0021859605005708Troyer, J. R. (2001). In the beginning: the multiple discovery of the first hormone herbicides. Weed Science, 49(2), 290-297. doi:10.1614/0043-1745(2001)049[0290:itbtmd]2.0.co;2Catalá, R., & Salinas, J. (2018). Tailoring crop nutrition to fight weeds. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 115(29), 7456-7458. doi:10.1073/pnas.1809311115Abbas, T., Zahir, Z. A., Naveed, M., & Kremer, R. J. (2018). Limitations of Existing Weed Control Practices Necessitate Development of Alternative Techniques Based on Biological Approaches. Advances in Agronomy, 239-280. doi:10.1016/bs.agron.2017.10.005http://www.fao.org/3/a-i3604e.pdfVilla, F., Cappitelli, F., Cortesi, P., & Kunova, A. (2017). Fungal Biofilms: Targets for the Development of Novel Strategies in Plant Disease Management. Frontiers in Microbiology, 8. doi:10.3389/fmicb.2017.00654Benvenuti, S., Cioni, P. L., Flamini, G., & Pardossi, A. (2017). Weeds for weed control: Asteraceae essential oils as natural herbicides. Weed Research, 57(5), 342-353. doi:10.1111/wre.12266Tworkoski, T. (2002). Herbicide effects of essential oils. Weed Science, 50(4), 425-431. doi:10.1614/0043-1745(2002)050[0425:heoeo]2.0.co;2Verdeguer, M., Blázquez, M. A., & Boira, H. (2009). Phytotoxic effects of Lantana camara, Eucalyptus camaldulensis and Eriocephalus africanus essential oils in weeds of Mediterranean summer crops. Biochemical Systematics and Ecology, 37(4), 362-369. doi:10.1016/j.bse.2009.06.003SINGH, H. P., BATISH, D. R., SETIA, N., & KOHLI, R. K. (2005). Herbicidal activity of volatile oils from Eucalyptus citriodora against Parthenium hysterophorus. Annals of Applied Biology, 146(1), 89-94. doi:10.1111/j.1744-7348.2005.04018.xAngelini, L. G., Carpanese, G., Cioni, P. L., Morelli, I., Macchia, M., & Flamini, G. (2003). Essential Oils from Mediterranean Lamiaceae as Weed Germination Inhibitors. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 51(21), 6158-6164. doi:10.1021/jf0210728Frabboni, Tarantino, Petruzzi, & Disciglio. (2019). Bio-Herbicidal Effects of Oregano and Rosemary Essential Oils on Chamomile (Matricaria chamomilla L.) Crop in Organic Farming System. Agronomy, 9(9), 475. doi:10.3390/agronomy9090475Bajwa, A. A., Sadia, S., Ali, H. H., Jabran, K., Peerzada, A. M., & Chauhan, B. S. (2016). Biology and management of two important Conyza weeds: a global review. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 23(24), 24694-24710. doi:10.1007/s11356-016-7794-7Trezzi, M. M., Balbinot Jr., A. A., Benin, G., Debastiani, F., Patel, F., & Miotto Jr., E. (2013). Competitive ability of soybean cultivars with horseweed (Conyza bonariensis). Planta Daninha, 31(3), 543-550. doi:10.1590/s0100-83582013000300006Ferreira, E. A., Galon, L., Aspiazú, I., Silva, A. A., Concenço, G., Silva, A. F., … Vargas, L. (2008). Glyphosate translocation in hairy fleabane (Conyza bonariensis) biotypes. Planta Daninha, 26(3), 637-643. doi:10.1590/s0100-83582008000300020WU, H., WALKER, S., ROLLIN, M. J., TAN, D. K. Y., ROBINSON, G., & WERTH, J. (2007). Germination, persistence, and emergence of flaxleaf fleabane (Conyza bonariensis [L.] Cronquist). Weed Biology and Management, 7(3), 192-199. doi:10.1111/j.1445-6664.2007.00256.xWu, H., Walker, S., Robinson, G., & Coombes, N. (2010). Control of Flaxleaf Fleabane (Conyza bonariensis) in Wheat and Sorghum. Weed Technology, 24(2), 102-107. doi:10.1614/wt-09-043.1Moreira, M. S., Nicolai, M., Carvalho, S. J. P., & Christoffoleti, P. J. (2007). Resistência de Conyza canadensis e C. bonariensis ao herbicida glyphosate. Planta Daninha, 25(1), 157-164. doi:10.1590/s0100-83582007000100017The International Survey of Herbicide Resistant Weedswww.weedscience.org.Mahdavikia, F., & Saharkhiz, M. J. (2015). Phytotoxic activity of essential oil and water extract of peppermint (Mentha×piperita L. CV. Mitcham). Journal of Applied Research on Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, 2(4), 146-153. doi:10.1016/j.jarmap.2015.09.003Miceli, A., Negro, C., & Tommasi, L. (2006). Essential oil variability in Thymbra capitata (L.) Cav. growing wild in Southern Apulia (Italy). Biochemical Systematics and Ecology, 34(6), 528-535. doi:10.1016/j.bse.2005.12.010Fleisher, Z., & Fleisher, A. (2002). Volatiles ofCoridothymus capitatusChemotypes Growing in Israel: Aromatic Plants of the Holy Land and the Sinai. Part XV. Journal of Essential Oil Research, 14(2), 105-106. doi:10.1080/10412905.2002.9699785Hedhili, L., Romdhane, M., Abderrabba, A., Planche, H., & Cherif, I. (2001). Variability in essential oil composition of TunisianThymus capitatus (L.) Hoffmanns. et Link. Flavour and Fragrance Journal, 17(1), 26-28. doi:10.1002/ffj.1029Saoud, I., Hamrouni, L., Gargouri, S., Amri, I., Hanana, M., Fezzani, T., … Jamoussi, B. (2013). Chemical composition, weed killer and antifungal activities of Tunisian thyme (Thymus capitatusHoff. et Link.) essential oils. Acta Alimentaria, 42(3), 417-427. doi:10.1556/aalim.42.2013.3.15Ibáñez, M. D., & Blázquez, M. A. (2017). Herbicidal value of essential oils from oregano-like flavour species. Food and Agricultural Immunology, 28(6), 1168-1180. doi:10.1080/09540105.2017.1332010Pinheiro, P. F., Costa, A. V., Alves, T. de A., Galter, I. N., Pinheiro, C. A., Pereira, A. F., … Fontes, M. M. P. (2015). Phytotoxicity and Cytotoxicity of Essential Oil from Leaves of Plectranthus amboinicus, Carvacrol, and Thymol in Plant Bioassays. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 63(41), 8981-8990. doi:10.1021/acs.jafc.5b03049Vasilakoglou, I., Dhima, K., Paschalidis, K., & Ritzoulis, C. (2013). Herbicidal potential onLolium rigidumof nineteen major essential oil components and their synergy. Journal of Essential Oil Research, 25(1), 1-10. doi:10.1080/10412905.2012.751054Vokou, D., Douvli, P., Blionis, G. J., & Halley, J. M. (2003). Journal of Chemical Ecology, 29(10), 2281-2301. doi:10.1023/a:1026274430898Martino, L. D., Mancini, E., Almeida, L. F. R. de, & Feo, V. D. (2010). The Antigerminative Activity of Twenty-Seven Monoterpenes. Molecules, 15(9), 6630-6637. doi:10.3390/molecules15096630Chaimovitsh, D., Shachter, A., Abu-Abied, M., Rubin, B., Sadot, E., & Dudai, N. (2016). Herbicidal Activity of Monoterpenes Is Associated with Disruption of Microtubule Functionality and Membrane Integrity. Weed Science, 65(1), 19-30. doi:10.1614/ws-d-16-00044.1Soković, M. D., Glamočlija, J., Marin, P. D., Brkić, D. D., Vukojević, J., Jovanović, D., … Kataranovski, D. (2006). Antifungal Activity of the Essential Oil ofMentha. xpiperita. Pharmaceutical Biology, 44(7), 511-515. doi:10.1080/13880200600878700Desam, N. R., Al-Rajab, A. J., Sharma, M., Mylabathula, M. M., Gowkanapalli, R. R., & Albratty, M. (2019). Chemical constituents, in vitro antibacterial and antifungal activity of Mentha×Piperita L. (peppermint) essential oils. Journal of King Saud University - Science, 31(4), 528-533. doi:10.1016/j.jksus.2017.07.013Synowiec, A., & Drozdek, E. (2016). Physicochemical and herbicidal properties of emulsions of essential oils against Avena fatua L. and Chenopodium album L. Journal of Plant Diseases and Protection, 123(2), 65-74. doi:10.1007/s41348-016-0012-5Maffei, M., Camusso, W., & Sacco, S. (2001). Effect of Mentha × piperita essential oil and monoterpenes on cucumber root membrane potential. Phytochemistry, 58(5), 703-707. doi:10.1016/s0031-9422(01)00313-2SKRZYPEK, E., REPKA, P., STACHURSKA-SWAKON, A., BARABASZ-KRASNY, B., & MOZDZEN, K. (2015). Allelopathic Effect of Aqueous Extracts from the Leaves of Peppermint (Mentha piperita L.) on Selected Physiological Processes of Common Sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.). Notulae Botanicae Horti Agrobotanici Cluj-Napoca, 43(2), 335-342. doi:10.15835/nbha43210034Campiglia, E., Mancinelli, R., Cavalieri, A., & Caporali, F. (2007). Use of Essential Oils of Cinnamon, Lavender and Peppermint for Weed Control. Italian Journal of Agronomy, 2(2), 171. doi:10.4081/ija.2007.171Pappas, R. S., & Sheppard-Hanger, S. (2000). Essential Oil ofEucalyptus camaldulensisDehn. from South Florida: A High Cryptone/Low Cineole Eucalyptus. Journal of Essential Oil Research, 12(3), 383-384. doi:10.1080/10412905.2000.9699541Chalchat, J.-C., Kundakovic, T., & Gomnovic, M. S. (2001). Essential Oil from the Leaves ofEucalyptus camaldulensisDehn., Myrtaceae from Jerusalem. Journal of Essential Oil Research, 13(2), 105-107. doi:10.1080/10412905.2001.9699627Tsiri, D., Kretsi, O., Chinou, I. B., & Spyropoulos, C. G. (2003). Composition of fruit volatiles and annual changes in the volatiles of leaves ofEucalyptus camaldulensis Dehn. growing in Greece. Flavour and Fragrance Journal, 18(3), 244-247. doi:10.1002/ffj.1220Üstüner, T., Kordali, Ş., Usanmaz Bozhüyük, A., & Kesdek, M. (2018). Investigation of Pesticidal Activities of Essential Oil of Eucalyptus camaldulensis Dehnh. Records of Natural Products, 12(6), 557-568. doi:10.25135/rnp.64.18.02.088Fouad, R., Bousta, D., Lalami, A. E. O., Chahdi, F. O., Amri, I., Jamoussi, B., & Greche, H. (2015). Chemical Composition and Herbicidal Effects of Essential Oils ofCymbopogon citratus(DC) Stapf,Eucalyptus cladocalyx, Origanum vulgareL andArtemisia absinthiumL. cultivated in Morocco. Journal of Essential Oil Bearing Plants, 18(1), 112-123. doi:10.1080/0972060x.2014.901631Vernin, G. (1991). Volatile Constituents of the Essential Oil ofSantolina chamaecyparissusL. Journal of Essential Oil Research, 3(1), 49-53. doi:10.1080/10412905.1991.9697907Pérez-Alonso, M. J., & Velasco-Negueruela, A. (1992). Essential oil components ofSantolina chamaecyparissus L. Flavour and Fragrance Journal, 7(1), 37-41. doi:10.1002/ffj.2730070109Derbesy, M., Touche, J., & Zola, A. (1989). The Essential Oil ofSantolina chamaecyparissusL. Journal of Essential Oil Research, 1(6), 269-275. doi:10.1080/10412905.1989.9697797Grosso, C., Coelho, J. A., Urieta, J. S., Palavra, A. M. F., & Barroso, J. G. (2010). Herbicidal Activity of Volatiles from Coriander, Winter Savory, Cotton Lavender, and Thyme Isolated by Hydrodistillation and Supercritical Fluid Extraction. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 58(20), 11007-11013. doi:10.1021/jf102378dGarg, S. N., Gupta, D., Mehta, V. K., & Kumar, S. (2001). Volatile Constituents of the Essential Oil ofSantolina chamaecyparissusLinn, from the Southern Hills of India. Journal of Essential Oil Research, 13(4), 234-235. doi:10.1080/10412905.2001.9699679Ortiz de Elguea-Culebras, G., Sánchez-Vioque, R., Berruga, M. I., Herraiz-Peñalver, D., González-Coloma, A., Andrés, M. F., & Santana-Méridas, O. (2017). Biocidal Potential and Chemical Composition of Industrial Essential Oils from Hyssopus officinalis , Lavandula × intermedia var. Super , and Santolina chamaecyparissus. Chemistry & Biodiversity, 15(1), e1700313. doi:10.1002/cbdv.201700313Ranal, M. A., & Santana, D. G. de. (2006). How and why to measure the germination process? Revista Brasileira de Botânica, 29(1), 1-11. doi:10.1590/s0100-84042006000100002Ranal, M. A., Santana, D. G. de, Ferreira, W. R., & Mendes-Rodrigues, C. (2009). Calculating germination measurements and organizing spreadsheets. Revista Brasileira de Botânica, 32(4), 849-855. doi:10.1590/s0100-8404200900040002

Second Order Sliding Mode Control of a STATCOM with Saturated Inputs

This paper presents a robust controller for a STATCOM device with saturated inputs. As the primary assumption, the proposed design considers the presence of unknown but bounded external perturbations and parametric variations. This proposal has a cascade structure, where a saturated super twisting control algorithm closes the currents control loop, and a high-gain proportional-integral (PI) algorithm ensures the voltage regulation. Thus, the exposed scheme provides an adequate performance of the STATCOM, considering the saturation of the inputs with the anti-windup feature. Posteriorly, a proper stability analysis presents the conditions for the appropriate operation of the closed-loop system in saturation and non-saturation regimes. Numerical simulations are also included to show the performance of the proposed controller

Impact of the implementation of the AAN epilepsy quality measures on the medical records in a university hospital

Background: The American Academy of Neurology (AAN) suggested eight quality measures to be observed at every patient visit. The aim of this work is to compare the percentage of documentation of each measure before and after the implementation of a new worksheet in a third-level center. Methods: Quasi-experimental study including medical records filled by medical school seniors and junior residents supervised by an epileptologist. The authors surveyed 80 consecutive charts of people with epilepsy who were seen in the outpatient clinic before and after the intervention. McNemar change test was used to compare the percentages of documentation of each quality measure–i.e., seizure type and frequency, etiology, EEG, MRI/CT head scans, AED side effects, surgical therapy referral, safety counseling, preconception counseling–and physical exam. Each quality measure was considered to be fulfilled only if it was assessed and properly recorded. Results: Mean age was 35(±13) years, 55% women, mean epilepsy onset at age 18(±15), 82% presented with partial-onset seizures. The reporting rate improved for all quality measures (previous vs new), reaching statistical significance for: seizure type 80vs94% (p < 0.05), AED side effects 8vs24%, etiology 66vs88% (p < 0.01), safety counseling 5vs64%, preconception counseling 4vs20%, and physical exam 63vs94% (p < 0.001). Conclusion: A quality-oriented epilepsy worksheet led to a better practice standardization and documentation of AAN standards for diagnostic and counseling purposes. Further evaluations should be undertaken to assess the impact on medical education and patient care

ESTRATEGIA DE INTERVENCIÓN TERAPÉUTICA PARA EL MEJORAMIENTO DE LAS RELACIONES INTERPESONALES DEL HOSPITAL FERRAÑAFE

El artículo se deriva de una tesis de maestría de psicología clínica. Objetivo aplicar la estrategia de intervención terapéutica basada en el proceso de formación de los valores comunicación, respeto, asertividad y empatía, desde las tendencias históricas en el proceso de formación de valores y su dinámica; la investigación es experimental, diseño cuasi experimental  y esta validado por expertos; también se evalúa el nivel de relaciones interpersonales en el personal de salud;  por ello es que se aplica la correlación entre la estrategia de intervención terapéutica basada en el proceso de formación de los valores y el mejoramiento de las relaciones interpersonales. El análisis de los resultados nos informa  que la  falta de valores en el personal de salud a generado estrategias de evaluación e intervención dirigidas a ayudar a los trabajadores que presentan dificultades en el área de las relaciones interpersonales, por lo que el aprendizaje de los valores, se produce siempre en contextos interpersonales, gracias a la interacción con los demás. Se concluye en  una aportación  en la  práctica de  los valores y mostrar visiblemente un cambio en el manejo de las relaciones de las relaciones interpersonales entre todo el personal de salud, los cambios lo asumieron con mucha madurez intelectual y emocional en la práctica de su jornada diaria. Además es muy importante la comunicación, conductas asertivas y el respeto.Palabras clave: Estrategia de Intervención Terapéutica; relaciones Interpersonales; personal de salud

Reactor de flujo de vórtices para la adsorción y purificación de biomoléculas

Número de publicación: ES2536461 A1 (25.05.2015) También publicado como: ES2536461 B2 (01.12.2015) Número de Solicitud: Consulta de Expedientes OEPM (C.E.O.) P201301126 (22.11.2013)La invención consiste en la construcción de un reactor de flujo de vórtices para ser utilizado en la cromatografía de adsorción de biomoléculas en lecho expandido y elución de las mismas, partiendo de un alimento, caldo de cultivo o extracto biológico sin clarificar.Universidad de Almerí

Crustacean depth investigation, Pisco-Callao zone

Entre el 14 y 27 de diciembre del 2005, se efectuó el crucero de investigación de crustáceos de profundidad a bordo del BIC Imarpe VI. Se realizaron 14 lances entre 12°S y 15°S y en dos estratos de profundidad (A: 700-1000 m, B: 1000-1400 m). Las operaciones de pesca se realizaron durante el día. En los experimentos de captura fueron utilizados diferentes tipos de mallas, carnadas y color de la boca de entrada de la nasa. Se registraron 4 especies: Paralomis longipes, Lithodes wiracocha, Lithodes panamensis y Lopholithodes diomedeae, siendo la de mayor incidencia Paralomis longipes. Se capturaron un total de 327 ejemplares con 305 kg. Los mayores rendimientos se registraron en el estrato B en 14°S y se encontraron los mayores tamaños de P. longipes, sin embargo, Lithodes panamensis alcanzó mayores tamaños que P. longipes. La proporción sexual fue favorable a machos. Las hembras de P. longipes en su mayoría portaban huevos. Se observó y estimó la incidencia de parásitos rizocefalos, epibiontes y la frecuencia de muda

In vitro susceptibility of ten Haemonchus contortus isolates from different geographical origins towards acetone:water extracts of two tannin rich plants

The aim of the study was to examine the variation in the in vitro susceptibility of ten Haemonchus contortus isolates from different geographical origins using respective egg hatch assays (EHA) with acetone:water extracts of two tannin containing plants, chimay (Acacia pennatula) and sainfoin (Onobrychis viciifolia). Fresh eggs were incubated in PBS with different concentrations of each extract (0, 600, 1200, 2400, 3600, 5000 and 8000μg/ml PBS). Additional concentrations were tested for O. viciifolia (75, 100, 200 and 400μg/ml PBS). Effective concentrations 50% (EC50), with the corresponding 95% confidence interval (95% CI), were calculated for every isolate with both extracts. Moreover, a resistance ratio (RR) was calculated to compare the isolates, using the most susceptible isolate for each extract as the respective reference. A second set of incubations were made using polyvinylpolypyrrolidone (PVPP) (0, 5000μg/ml, 5000μg/ml+PVPP) to determine the influence of polyphenols on the AH effect. The proportion of morulated eggs, eggs with L1 larvae failing eclosion (%LFE), and emerged larvae were estimated at different extract concentrations. Data of each isolate was used to calculate the effective concentration 50% (EC50) for each extract. The EC50 of each isolate was used to determine resistance ratio (RR) for the different isolates. For the 2 extracts, a susceptibility variation in egg hatching was observed for the different H. contortus isolates. The EC50 values for A. pennatula ranged from 2203 to 14106μg (RR from 2.01 to 6.40). The O. viciifolia extract showed higher variability with EC50 values ranging from 104 to 4783μg (RR from 3.66 to 45.74). The main AH effects of the two extracts tested on the ten isolates consisted in blocking the emergence of L1 larvae (higher% LFE). Additional observations on emerged larvae showed that extract exposure caused alterations in the internal structure, separating the cuticle from the pharynx, bulb and intestinal cells. The use of PVPP revealed that (a) condensed tannins were not the sole plant secondary metabolites responsible for the AH effects, and (b) different H. contortus isolates showed variability in the role of tannins either on the ovicidal effect or the %LFE