Advances in oil crops research-classical and new approaches to achieve sustainable productivity

The world production of main oil crops is steadily increasing, mainly due to population growth and increased use of oil crops in bio-fuel production and in edible vegetable oils. From the perspective of sowing area in the world, oil crops are only preceded by cereals in importance. Edible or industrial oils are extracted from seeds, fruits or mesocarp, and nuts of both annual and perennial species. Oil can be obtained from about 40 different crops, but soybean, sunflower, olive tree, and rapeseed have a major importance in the total world trade. The purpose of the Research Topic “Advances in Oil Crops Research—Classical and New Approaches to Achieve Sustainable Productivity” is to provide the reader compiled information of the latest research results about different aspects of oil crops. This research topic incorporates 23 publications including 19 research papers, three review articles, and one perspective.Fil: Miladinović, Dragana. Institute Of Field And Vegetable Crops; SerbiaFil: Vollmann, Johann. University Of Natural Resources And Life Sciences; AustriaFil: Molinero Ruiz, Leire. Instituto de Agricultura Sostenible; EspañaFil: Torres, Myriam Mariela. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria. Centro Regional Mendoza - San Juan. Estación Experimental Agropecuaria San Juan; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mendoza; Argentin

Estudian las mejores combinaciones polinizador/cultivar en olivo, orientadas al aumento de productividad

Ensayos realizados en el departamento San Martín, de San Juan, permitieron avanzar en en el conocimiento del grado de autocompatibilidad y aptitud para la polinización libre de las variedades de olivo más cultivadas en el país.EEA San JuanFil: Torres, Myriam Mariela. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria San Juan; ArgentinaFil: Maestri, Damian. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Córdoba. Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Físicas y Naturales. Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal; ArgentinaFil: Pierantozzi, Pierluigi. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Córdoba. Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Físicas y Naturales. Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal; Argentina. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria San Juan; Argentin

Efecto de la restricción hídrica invernal en olivo (Olea europaea L.): el potencial hídrico xilemático y la conductancia estomática

Durante la aplicación de una restricción hídrica invernal, en las temporadas de 2011 y de 2012, se cuantificaron y relacionaron el estado hídrico del olivo (Olea europaea L.) con el contenido de humedad del suelo y la temperatura ambiental. El experimento se realizó en olivos del cv. Arbequina de 10 años de edad implantadas en la EEA San Juan INTA (San Juan, Argentina). Los tratamientos aplicados fueron: T1, riego completo con reposición del 100% de la evapotranspiración de cultivo (ETc) durante todo el ciclo y dos tratamientos con restricción hídrica (21 de junio al 31 de agosto), T2, regado con el 50% ETc y T3, sin riego, para el resto de la temporada los riegos fueron con el 100% de ETc. Se midieron el potencial hídrico xilemático (Ψtallo), la conductancia estomática (gs), el contenido de agua extraíble relativa (AER) del suelo y el efecto de la temperatura ambiental. Los resultados demostraron la factibilidad en la aplicación de restricciones hídricas invernales en la región árida de Argentina con baja disponibilidad de agua durante ese periodo. Las disminuciones en el Ψtallo y en la gs dependen del contenido de AER del suelo y de la temperatura ambiental. La aplicación de una restricción hídrica que repone el 50% de la ETc, con una reserva inicial de agua fácilmente aprovechable (AFA) de 40 mm, afecta levemente el estado hídrico del olivo mientras que la aplicación de una restricción total del riego durante el invierno, sin reserva inicial de AFA, afecta severamente el Ψtallo y la gs hasta valores extremos -6,80 MPa y 5,67 mmol/m²/s, respectivamente. Los indicadores fisiológicos de Ψtallo y de gs del olivo se deben evaluar conjuntamente con el contenido de humedad del sueloDuring the application of a winter water restriction in the seasons of 2011 and 2012, was quantified and related the water status of olive (Olea europaea L.) with soil moisture content and ambient temperature. The experiment was conducted in olive trees cv. Arbequina 10 years old in EEA San Juan INTA (San Juan, Argentina). The treatments were: T1, full irrigation with replacement of 100% of crop evapotranspiration (ETc) throughout the cycle and two treatments with water restriction (21 June to 31 August), T2, irrigated with 50% ETc and T3, no-irrigation, for the rest of the season with irrigation were 100% ETc. The stem water potential (Ψtallo), stomatal conductance (gs), relative extractable water (REW) soil and the effect of ambient temperature were measured. The results demonstrated the feasibility in implementing winter water restrictions in the arid region of Argentina, with low water availability during that period. The decrease in Ψtallo and gs depends on the content REW of soil and ambient temperatures. Applying a water restriction which replaces the 50% ETc, with an initial reserve of easily available water (AFA) of 40 mm, slightly affects the water status of the olive tree; while implementing a full irrigation restriction during the winter, without initial reserve of AFA, everely affects the Ψtallo and gs to -6.80 MPa and 5.67 mmol/m²/s, respectively. Irrigation scheduling during the winter using Ψtallo and gs must be evaluated together with the soil moisture content.EEA San JuanFil: Ibañez, Antonio Alberto. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria San Juan; ArgentinaFil: Parera, Carlos Alberto. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria San Juan; ArgentinaFil: Torres, Myriam Mariela. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria San Juan; Argentin

Utility of EST-SNP Markers for Improving Management and Use of Olive Genetic Resources: A Case Study at the Worldwide Olive Germplasm Bank of Córdoba

Olive, the emblematic Mediterranean fruit crop, owns a great varietal diversity, which is maintained in ex situ field collections, such as the World Olive Germplasm Bank of Córdoba (WOGBC), Spain. Accurate identification of WOGBC, one of the world’s largest collections, is essential for efficient management and use of olive germplasm. The present study is the first report of the use of a core set of 96 EST-SNP markers for the fingerprinting of 1273 accessions from 29 countries, including both field and new acquired accessions. The EST-SNP fingerprinting made possible the accurate identification of 668 different genotypes, including 148 detected among the new acquired accessions. Despite the overall high genetic diversity found at WOGBC, the EST-SNPs also revealed the presence of remarkable redundant germplasm mostly represented by synonymy cases within and between countries. This finding, together with the presence of homonymy cases, may reflect a continuous interchange of olive cultivars, as well as a common and general approach for their naming. The structure analysis revealed a certain geographic clustering of the analysed germplasm. The EST-SNP panel under study provides a powerful and accurate genotyping tool, allowing for the foundation of a common strategy for efficient safeguarding and management of olive genetic resources.EEA San JuanFil: Belaj, Angjelina. Instituto Andaluz de Investigación y Formación Agraria, Pesquera, Alimentaria y de la Producción Ecológica (IFAPA) . Centro “Alameda del Obispo”; EspañaFil: Ninot, Antònia . IRTA; EspañaFil: Gómez-Gálvez, Francisco J. Instituto Andaluz de Investigación y Formación Agraria, Pesquera, Alimentaria y de la Producción Ecológica (IFAPA) . Centro “Alameda del Obispo”; EspañaFil: El Riachy, Milad. LARI. Department of Olive and Olive Oil; LíbanoFil: Gurbuz-Veral, Melek. Olive Research Institute. Department of Breeding and Genetics; TurquíaFil: Torres, Myriam Mariela. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria San Juan; Argentina.Fil: Torres, Myriam Mariela. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Lazaj, Adhurim. Qendra e Transferimit te Teknologjise Bujqesore; AlbaniaFil: Klepo, Tatjana.Croatian Agency for Agriculture and Food. Center of Pomology; CroaciaFil: Paz, Sergio. Servicio de Transferencia de Tecnología Conselleria de Agricultura, Desarrollo Rural, Emergencia Climática y Transición Ecológica; EspañaFil: Ugarte, Javier. Gobierno de La Rioja. Servicio de Investigación Agraria y Sanidad Vegetal; EspañaFil: Baldoni, Luciana. National Research Council. Institute of Biosciences and Bioresources; ItaliaFil: Lorite, Ignacio J. Instituto Andaluz de Investigación y Formación Agraria, Pesquera, Alimentaria y de la Producción Ecológica (IFAPA) . Centro “Alameda del Obispo”; EspañaFil: Šatović, Zlatko .University of Zagreb. Department of Seed Science and Technology, Faculty of Agriculture; CroaciaFil: Šatović, Zlatko. Centre of Excellence for Biodiversity and Molecular Plant Breeding (CoE CroP-BioDiv); CroaciaFil: de la Rosa, Raúl . Instituto Andaluz de Investigación y Formación Agraria, Pesquera, Alimentaria y de la Producción Ecológica (IFAPA) . Centro “Alameda del Obispo”; Españ

How temperatures may affect the synthesis of fatty acids during olive fruit ripening: genes at work in the field

A major concern for olive cultivation in many extra-Mediterranean regions is the adaptation of recently introduced cultivars to environmental conditions different from those prevailing in the original area, such as the Mediterranean basin. Some of these cultivars can easily adapt their physiological and biochemical parameters in new agro-environments, whereas others show unbalanced values of oleic acid content. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of the thermal regime during oil synthesis on the expression of fatty acid desaturase genes and on the unsaturated fatty acid contents at the field level. Two cultivars (Arbequina and Coratina) were included in the analysis over a wide latitudinal gradient in Argentina. The results suggest that the thermal regime exerts a regulatory effect at the transcriptional level on both OeSAD2 and OeFAD2-2 genes and that this regulation is cultivar-dependent. It was also observed that the accumulated thermal time affects gene expression and the contents of oleic and linoleic acids in cv. Arbequina more than in Coratina. The fatty acid composition of cv. Arbequina is more influenced by the temperature regime than Coratina, suggesting its greater plasticity. Overall, findings from this study may drive future strategies for olive spreading towards areas with different or extreme thermal regimes serve as guidance for the evaluation olive varietal patrimony.EEA San JuanFil: Contreras Valentín, Ana Cibeles. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria San Juan; Argentina.Fil: Contreras Valentín, Ana Cibeles. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Pierantozzi, Pierluigi. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria San Juan; Argentina.Fil: Pierantozzi, Pierluigi. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Maestri, Damian. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Físicas y Naturales. Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal; ArgentinaFil: Maestri, Damian. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Tivani, Martín. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria San Juan; Argentina.Fil: Tivani, Martín. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Searles, Peter. Centro Regional de Investigaciones Científicas y Transferencia Tecnológica de La Rioja; ArgentinaFil: Brizuela, Magdalena. Centro Regional de Investigaciones Científicas y Transferencia Tecnológica de La Rioja; ArgentinaFil: Fernández, Fabricio. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Catamarca; Argentina.Fil: Toro, Alejandro. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Cerro Azul; Argentina.Fil: Puertas, Carlos. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Junin; Argentina.Fil: Trentacoste, Eduardo R. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Junin; Argentina.Fil: Kiessling, Juan. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Alto Valle. Agencia de Extensión Rural Centenario; Argentina.Fil: Mariotti, Roberto. National Research Council. Institute of Biosciences and Bioresources; ItaliaFil: Baldoni, Luciana. National Research Council. Institute of Biosciences and Bioresources; ItaliaFil: Mousavi, Soraya. National Research Council. Institute of Biosciences and Bioresources; ItaliaFil: Fernández, Paula. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Instituto de Agrobiotecnología y Biología Molecular; ArgentinaFil: Fernández, Paula. Universidad Nacional de San Martín. Escuela de Ciencia y Tecnología; ArgentinaFil: Fernández, Paula. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales; ArgentinaFil: Moschen, Sebastián. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA).Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Famaillá; Argentina.Fil: Moschen, Sebastián. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Torres, Myriam Mariela.Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria San Juan; Argentina.Fil: Torres, Myriam Mariela. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentin

Plasticity of fruit and oil traits in olive among diferent environments

Olive is a long-living perennial species with a wide geographical distribution, showing a large genetic and phenotypic variation in its growing area. There is an urgent need to uncover how olive phenotypic traits and plasticity can change regardless of the genetic background. A two-year study was conducted, based on the analysis of fruit and oil traits of 113 cultivars from fve germplasm collections established in Mediterranean Basin countries and Argentina. Fruit and oil traits plasticity, broad‐sense heritability and genotype by environment interaction were estimated. From variance and heritability analyses, it was shown that fruit fresh weight was mainly under genetic control, whereas oleic/(palmitic+linoleic) acids ratio was regulated by the environment and genotype by environment interaction had the major efect on oil content. Among the studied cultivars, diferent level of stability was observed, which allowed ranking the cultivars based on their plasticity for oil traits. High thermal amplitude, the diference of low and high year values of temperature, negatively afected the oil content and the oleic acid percentage. Information derived from this work will help to direct the selection of cultivars with the highest global ftness averaged over the environments rather than the highest ftness in each environment separately.EEA San JuanFil: Mousavi, Soraya. Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche. Institute of Biosciences and Bioresources; ItaliaFil: Mousavi, Soraya. Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche. Institute for Agricultural and Forest Systems of the Mediterranean; ItaliaFil: De la Rosa, Raúl. Instituto Andaluz de Investigación y Formación Agraria, Pesquera, Alimentaria y de la Producción Ecológica (IFAPA). - Centro Alameda del Obispo; EspañaFil: Moukhli, Abdelmajid. Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA). Centre Régional de la Recherche Agronomique( CRRA); MarruecosFil: El Riachy, Milad. Lebanese Agricultural Research Institute (LARI); LíbanoFil: Mariotti, Roberto. Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche. Institute of Biosciences and Bioresources; ItaliaFil: Torres, Myriam Mariela. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria San Juan; Argentina.Fil: Torres, Myriam Mariela. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Pierantozzi, Pierluigi. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria San Juan; Argentina.Fil: Pierantozzi, Pierluigi. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Stanzione, Vitale. Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche. Institute for Agricultural and Forest Systems of the Mediterranean; ItaliaFil: Mastio, Valerio. Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche. Institute for Agricultural and Forest Systems of the Mediterranean; ItaliaFil: Zaher, Hayat. Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA). Centre Régional de la Recherche Agronomique; MarruecosFil: El Antari, Abderraouf. Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA). Centre Régional de la Recherche Agronomique; MarruecosFil: Ayoub, Salam. National Agricultural Research Center (NARC); JordaniaFil: Dandachi, Faten. Lebanese Agricultural Research Institute (LARI); LíbanoFil: Youssef, Hiyam. Lebanese Agricultural Research Institute (LARI); LíbanoFil: Aggelou, Nikolas. Mediterranean Agronomic Institute of Chania (MAICh). Department of Horticultural Genetics and Biotechnology; GreciaFil: Contreras Valetín, Ana Cibeles. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria San Juan; Argentina.Fil: Contreras Valetín, Ana Cibeles. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Maestri, Damián. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal (IMBV); ArgentinaFil: Maestri, Damián. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Belaj, Angjelina. Instituto Andaluz de Investigación y Formación Agraria, Pesquera, Alimentaria y de la Producción Ecológica (IFAPA). - Centro Alameda del Obispo; EspañaFil: Bufacchi, Marina. Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche. Institute for Agricultural and Forest Systems of the Mediterranean; ItaliaFil: Baldoni, Luciana. Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche. Institute of Biosciences and Bioresources; ItaliaFil: León, Lorenzo. Instituto Andaluz de Investigación y Formación Agraria, Pesquera, Alimentaria y de la Producción Ecológica (IFAPA). - Centro Alameda del Obispo; Españ

Worldwide trends in underweight and obesity from 1990 to 2022: a pooled analysis of 3663 population-representative studies with 222 million children, adolescents, and adults

Background Underweight and obesity are associated with adverse health outcomes throughout the life course. We estimated the individual and combined prevalence of underweight or thinness and obesity, and their changes, from 1990 to 2022 for adults and school-aged children and adolescents in 200 countries and territories. Methods We used data from 3663 population-based studies with 222 million participants that measured height and weight in representative samples of the general population. We used a Bayesian hierarchical model to estimate trends in the prevalence of different BMI categories, separately for adults (age ≥20 years) and school-aged children and adolescents (age 5–19 years), from 1990 to 2022 for 200 countries and territories. For adults, we report the individual and combined prevalence of underweight (BMI <18·5 kg/m2) and obesity (BMI ≥30 kg/m2). For schoolaged children and adolescents, we report thinness (BMI <2 SD below the median of the WHO growth reference) and obesity (BMI >2 SD above the median). Findings From 1990 to 2022, the combined prevalence of underweight and obesity in adults decreased in 11 countries (6%) for women and 17 (9%) for men with a posterior probability of at least 0·80 that the observed changes were true decreases. The combined prevalence increased in 162 countries (81%) for women and 140 countries (70%) for men with a posterior probability of at least 0·80. In 2022, the combined prevalence of underweight and obesity was highest in island nations in the Caribbean and Polynesia and Micronesia, and countries in the Middle East and north Africa. Obesity prevalence was higher than underweight with posterior probability of at least 0·80 in 177 countries (89%) for women and 145 (73%) for men in 2022, whereas the converse was true in 16 countries (8%) for women, and 39 (20%) for men. From 1990 to 2022, the combined prevalence of thinness and obesity decreased among girls in five countries (3%) and among boys in 15 countries (8%) with a posterior probability of at least 0·80, and increased among girls in 140 countries (70%) and boys in 137 countries (69%) with a posterior probability of at least 0·80. The countries with highest combined prevalence of thinness and obesity in school-aged children and adolescents in 2022 were in Polynesia and Micronesia and the Caribbean for both sexes, and Chile and Qatar for boys. Combined prevalence was also high in some countries in south Asia, such as India and Pakistan, where thinness remained prevalent despite having declined. In 2022, obesity in school-aged children and adolescents was more prevalent than thinness with a posterior probability of at least 0·80 among girls in 133 countries (67%) and boys in 125 countries (63%), whereas the converse was true in 35 countries (18%) and 42 countries (21%), respectively. In almost all countries for both adults and school-aged children and adolescents, the increases in double burden were driven by increases in obesity, and decreases in double burden by declining underweight or thinness. Interpretation The combined burden of underweight and obesity has increased in most countries, driven by an increase in obesity, while underweight and thinness remain prevalent in south Asia and parts of Africa. A healthy nutrition transition that enhances access to nutritious foods is needed to address the remaining burden of underweight while curbing and reversing the increase in obesit

Anales del III Congreso Internacional de Vivienda y Ciudad "Debate en torno a la nueva agenda urbana"

Acta de congresoEl III Congreso Internacional de Vivienda y Ciudad “Debates en torno a la NUEVa Agenda Urbana”, ha sido una apuesta de alto compromiso por acercar los debates centrales y urgentes que tensionan el pleno ejercicio del derecho a la ciudad. Para ello las instituciones organizadoras (INVIHAB –Instituto de Investigación de Vivienda y Hábitat y MGyDH-Maestría en Gestión y Desarrollo Habitacional-1), hemos convidado un espacio que se concretó con potencia en un debate transdisciplinario. Convocó a intelectuales de prestigio internacional, investigadores, académicos y gestores estatales, y en una metodología de innovación articuló las voces académicas con las de las organizaciones sociales y/o barriales en el Foro de las Organizaciones Sociales que tuvo su espacio propio para dar voz a quienes están trabajando en los desafíos para garantizar los derechos a la vivienda y los bienes urbanos en nuestras ciudades del Siglo XXI

Caracterización química y morfológica de variedades y aceites de oliva vírgenes de la provincia de Córdoba: su importancia en la obtención de aceites con denominación de origen

En la provincia de Córdoba, la producción olivícola se localiza principalmente en la región noroeste, en el departamento de Cruz del Eje y en menor medida Ischilin, y en el Valle de Traslasierra, en las proximidades de la ciudad de Villa Dolores (Departamentos San Javier y San Alberto). En Cruz del Eje-Ischilin se encuentran implantadas 4500 hectáreas, constituyendo uno de los cultivos de mayor importancia socio-económica de la región. El rendimiento promedio de aceitunas es de 2000 kg/ha, lo que proporciona entre 8 a 10 millones de kg anuales que representan el 13 % de la producción nacional de aceitunas. Las plantaciones se componen en un 70 % de variedades aceiteras siendo las mas importantes Manzanilla, Arbequina y Frantoio. Aproximadamente el 80 % del volumen de aceite producido se exporta ya sea fraccionado o a granel para realizar cortes. En relación a la arquitectura del olivar, en general se presenta con plantas de gran expansión vegetativa, es decir plantas de gran porte lo que dificulta la cosecha. La misma es exclusivamente manual. Se ha comenzado hace algunos años y teniendo en cuenta la antigüedad de los olivares, a realizar podas con rebajes severos de la copa para producir el renuevo de la misma. Son varios los factores que afectan a la producción oleícola de esta región; entre los mismos se puede mencionar a la época de recolección como uno de los más significativos.Fil: Torres, Myriam Mariela. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria. Centro Regional Cuyo Mendoza - San Juan; ArgentinaFil: Maestri, Damian. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Córdoba. Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Físicas y Naturales. Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal; ArgentinaFil: Orecchia, Eduardo. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria. Centro Regional Córdoba. Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Manfredi; Argentin

Vegetative and reproductive responses, oil yield and composition from olive trees (Olea europaea) under contrasting water availability during the dry winter-spring period in central Argentina

In Argentina, the climatic pattern of the olive production areas is characterised by a marked water deficit during winter and spring months. A field experiment was carried out to evaluate the effect of water availability during the preflowering? flowering period on vegetative, reproductive and yield responses of olive trees grown in central Argentina. From the end of autumn to mid-spring, four irrigation treatments were imposed to olive trees (Olea europaea, cv. Arbequina and Manzanilla) at 0, 25, 50 and 75% estimated crop evapotranspiration (ETc). Also, a control treatment was kept at 100% ETc for the entire year. For the first crop year evaluated, water deficit applied at early June, approximately 4 months prior to bloom, reduced the vegetative shoot growth and delayed the flowering time, resulting in shortening of the fruit maturation period and, ultimately, decreased fructification. Trees irrigated with high (75% of ETc) and full (100% of ETc) winter-spring water supply presented significantly higher values of flower density, fruit density and final fruit yield which resulted in water productivity (kg fruitsmm−1 of irrigation/ha) enhancements of about 500% (cv. Arbequina) and 330% (cv. Manzanilla) with respect to those obtained from the corresponding unirrigated treatments. Differences between treatments in oil content and composition were primarily attributed to variations in fruit maturity. Differences in fatty acid composition were stronger in cv. Arbequina where a gradual increase in oleic acid content was registered in parallel to the increase in irrigation water supply. From a practical stand point, results obtained from most of the analysed parameters were quite similar for both T75 and T100 treatments. Thus, the possible convenience of irrigation at T75% ETc should be considered since it may warrant profitable olive production while saving a considerably quantity of irrigation water in the olive production area in central Argentina.Fil: Pierantozzi, Pierluigi. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Córdoba. Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal (p); ArgentinaFil: Torres, Myriam Mariela. Instituto Nacional de Tecnologia Agropecuaria. Centro Reg.cuyo Mendoza-san Juan; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Lavee, S.. Institute of Plant Sciences; IsraelFil: Maestri, Damian. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Córdoba. Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal (p); Argentin