5-Hy­droxy-7-phenyl-5-(prop-2-yn-1-yl)-5,6-dihydro-1-benzofuran-2(4H)-one monohydrate

In the title compound, C17H14O3·H2O, the six-membered ring, which adopts a half-chair conformation, makes a dihedral angle of 24.3 (2)° with the phenyl ring. In the crystal, the components are linked by O—H⋯O hydrogen bonds involving the water mol­ecule, and the hy­droxy and carbonyl groups of the organic compound. These inter­actions form a square-like supra­molecular synthon unit which propagates as chains parallel to the crystallographic b axis. A C—H⋯O interaction also occurs

Bis(2,2′-bipyridyl-κ2 N,N′)dichlorido­rhodium(III) perchlorate

The asymmetric unit of the title compound, [RhCl2(C10H8N2)2]ClO4, consists of one unit of the cationic complex [RhCl2(bipy)2]+ and one uncoordinated perchlorate anion. The RhIII atom is coordinated by four N atoms from two bipyridyl ligands and two Cl atoms, forming a distorted octa­hedral environment. The Cl ligands are cis. Two intramolecular C—H⋯Cl hydrogen bonds occur in the cationic complex . In the crystal, mol­ecules are linked together by a hydrogen-bond network involving the H atoms of bipyridyl rings and perchlorate anions. An O atom of the perchlorate anion is disordered over two sites, with an occupancy-factor ratio of 0.78 (3):0.22 (3)

Biogas-based polyhydroxyalkanoates production by Methylocystis hirsuta: A step further in anaerobic digestion biorefineries

Producción CientíficaThe potential of biogas (with and without H2S) and volatile fatty acids (VFAs) to support microbial growth and accumulation of polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) in type II methanotrophs was evaluated batchwise under aerobic conditions. Methylocystis hirsuta was able to grow on artificial biogas (70% CH4, 29.5% CO2, 0.5% H2S) and accumulate PHA up to 45 ± 1% (wt.%) under N-limited conditions. The presence of CO2 and H2S did not significantly influence the growth and PHA synthesis in M. hirsuta compared to control tests provided with pure CH4 at similar concentrations. Likewise, the addition of VFAs to the cultivation broth at initial concentrations of 100–200 mg L−1 did not hamper the growth of this strain on artificial biogas. Indeed, the addition of 10% extra carbon in the form of individual VFAs resulted in an increase in the maximum PHA yield and final PHA content up to 0.45–0.63 gPHA gSubstrate 1 and 48–54% (wt.%), respectively, at the expense of a higher energy demand. Valeric acid supplementation supported the highest 3-hydroxyvalerate content (13.5%) within the biocomposite. In this context, this study demonstrated for the first time that 3-hydroxyvalerate synthesis by M. hirsuta did not depend on CH4 assimilation.2019-12-122019-12-12Ministerio de Economía, Industria y Competitividad (Proyect CTM2015-70442-R and Red NOVEDAR)Junta de Castilla y León (UIC71

Influence of carbon-coated zero-valent iron-based nanoparticle concentration on continuous photosynthetic biogas upgrading

Producción CientíficaThis study assessed the influence of carbon-coated zero-valent nanoparticle concentration (70, 140 and 280 mg L−1) on the performance of photosynthetic biogas upgrading in an indoor pilot scale plant composed of an algal-bacterial photobioreactor interconnected to an external biogas absorption column. In addition, the influence of nanoparticle concentration on the abiotic CO2 gas-liquid mass transfer in the biogas absorption column was also evaluated. Microalgae productivity was enhanced by > 100 % when nanoparticles were added to the cultivation broth, which also boosted nitrogen and phosphorus assimilation from centrate. The biomethane produced complied with most international standards only when nanoparticles were supplemented, achieving CO2 concentrations 98 %) and CH4 concentrations > 94 % in the treated biogas. Finally, this research consistently demonstrated that the improvement of biogas upgrading performance by the addition of nanoparticles was based on a photosynthesis enhancement or stimulation (which significantly increased the pH in the algal cultivation broth) rather than on an improved nanoparticle-mediated CO2 capture in the biogas absorption column.Junta de Castilla y León - EU-FEDER (CLU 2017-09, CL-EI-2021-07 y UIC 315

N,N′-Dibenzyl-N,N′-dimethyl-N′′-(2-phenyl­acet­yl)phospho­ric triamide

The P atom in the title mol­ecule, C24H28N3O2P, is in a distorted tetra­hedral P(=O)(N)(N)2 environment. The phosphoryl group and the NH unit adopt a syn orientation with respect to each other and the N atoms have sp 2 character. The P—N bonds in the P(O)[N(CH3)(CH2C6H5)]2 unit are shorter than the P—N bond in the C(=O)NHP(=O) fragment. An intra­molecular C—H⋯O hydrogen bond occurs. In the crystal, pairs of P=O⋯H—N hydrogen bonds form centrosymmetric dimers. C—H⋯O contacts are also observed. Four C atoms of two benzene rings are disordered over two alternative sites with an occupancy ratio of 0.523 (12):0.427 (12)

N,N′-Dibenzyl-N,N′-dimethyl-N′′-(4-nitro­benzo­yl)phospho­ric triamide

The P atom in the title compound, C23H25N4O4P, is in a slightly distorted tetra­hedral coordination environment and the N atoms show sp 2 character. The phosphoryl group and the NH unit are syn with respect to each other. In the crystal, pairs of inter­molecular N—H⋯O(P) hydrogen bonds form centrosymmetric dimers

Analysis of the Gálvez–Davison Index for the forecasting formation and evolution of convective clouds in the tropics: Western Cuba

The Gálvez–Davison Index (GDI) is an atmospheric stability index recently developed to improve the prediction of thunderstorms and shallower types of moist convection in the tropics. Because of its novelty, its use for tropical regions remains largely unexplored. Cuba is a region that suffers extreme weather events, such as tropical storms and hurricanes, some of them worsened by climate change. This research analyzes the effectiveness of the GDI in detecting the potential for convective cloud development, using forecast data from the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model for Western Cuba. To accomplish this, here, we evaluated the performance of the GDI in ten study cases from the dry and wet seasons. As part of our study, we researched how GDI correlates with brightness temperatures (BTs) measured using GOES-16. In addition, the GDI results with the WRF model are compared with results using the Global Forecast System (GFS). Our results show a high correlation between the GDI and BT, concluding that the GDI is a robust tool for forecasting both synoptic and mesoscale convective phenomena over the region studied. In addition, the GDI is able to adequately forecast stability conditions. Finally, the GDI values computed from the WRF model perform much better than those from the GFS, probably because of the greater horizontal resolution in the WRF model.Xunta de Galicia | Ref. ED431C 2021/44Xunta de Galicia | Ref. ED481A-2020/19

N-Benzoyl-N′,N′′-dicyclo­hexyl­phospho­ric triamide

In the title compound, C19H30N3O2P, the central P atom has a distorted tetra­hedral configuration. The N atoms in both cyclo­hexyl­amide moieties exhibit a slight deviation [0.32 (7) and 0.44 (6) Å] from planarity, while the benzoyl­amide N atom is planar [0.11 (3) Å]. In the crystal, mol­ecules are linked via N—H⋯O(P) and N—H⋯O(C) hydrogen bonds, forming R 2 2(10) rings within linear arrangements parallel to the b axis

1,4-Bis(methyl­sulfan­yl)naphthalene

The mol­ecule of the title compound, C12H12S2, is close to planar, with the methyl C atoms deviating by 0.019 (1) and 0.221 (2) Å from the naphthalene mean plane. In the crystal structure, the shortest S⋯S contact of 3.6864 (9) Å is longer than the van der Waals contact distance