Actividad antibiótica del Eucalyptus globulus frente a bacterias Gram positivas: un artículo de revisión

El Eucalyptus spp es una planta ancestral y con mucha historia en el Perú, usada con fines medicinales. El estudio de la actividad antibacterial de Eucalyptus globulus se sustenta en la necesidad de dar alternativas frente al uso de antibacterianos convencionales que, con el transcurso del tiempo, se han visto muchas veces limitadas por los diferentes perfiles de sensibilidad debido a la resistencia antimicrobiana de diferentes patógenos causantes de enfermedades infecciosas bacterianas. Este estudio se genera mediante una búsqueda no sistemática de la literatura, con el objetivo de discutir la evidencia disponible respecto al posible uso de Eucalyptus globulus como agente antibacterial. Se concluye se que ha encontrado información que sugeriría una potencial actividad antibacterial, que es ejercida por el aceite esencial a razón de ser compuesto en un gran porcentaje por eucalipto que se presume es el responsable de esta actividad. Así mismo, es importante considerar los efectos adversos a fin de valorar los métodos de extracción y se pueda mejorar el perfil de seguridad aprovechando las propiedades de la planta

Actividad antibiótica del Eucalyptus globulus frente a bacterias Gram positivas: un artículo de revisión

Eucalyptus spp. is an ancestral plant with a long history in Peru, used for medicinal purposes. The study of the antibacterial activity of Eucalyptus globulus is based on the need to provide alternatives to the use of conventional antibacterials that, over time, have often been limited by the different sensitivity profiles due to the antimicrobial resistance of different pathogens causing bacterial infectious diseases. This study is generated through a nonsystematic literature search, with the objective of discussing the available evidence regarding the possible use of Eucalyptus globulus as an antibacterial agent. It is concluded that information has been found that would suggest a potential antibacterial activity, which is exerted by the essential oil because it is composed in a large percentage by eucalyptus which is presumed to be responsible for this activity. Likewise, it is important to consider the adverse effects in order to evaluate the extraction methods and improve the safety profile by taking advantage of the properties of the plant.El Eucalyptus spp es una planta ancestral y con mucha historia en el Perú, usada con fines medicinales. El estudio de la actividad antibacterial de Eucalyptus globulus se sustenta en la necesidad de dar alternativas frente al uso de antibacterianos convencionales que, con el transcurso del tiempo, se han visto muchas veces limitadas por los diferentes perfiles de sensibilidad debido a la resistencia antimicrobiana de diferentes patógenos causantes de enfermedades infecciosas bacterianas. Este estudio se genera mediante una búsqueda no sistemática de la literatura, con el objetivo de discutir la evidencia disponible respecto al posible uso de Eucalyptus globulus como agente antibacterial. Se concluye se que ha encontrado información que sugeriría una potencial actividad antibacterial, que es ejercida por el aceite esencial a razón de ser compuesto en un gran porcentaje por eucalipto que se presume es el responsable de esta actividad. Así mismo, es importante considerar los efectos adversos a fin de valorar los métodos de extracción y se pueda mejorar el perfil de seguridad aprovechando las propiedades de la planta

"Eficacia de los programas de tratamiento para ciberadicción en niños y adolescentes: revisión sistemática y meta-análisis "

"El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar la eficacia de los programas de tratamiento para la ciberadicción en niños y adolescentes. Material y Métodos: Se realizó la búsqueda en cinco bases de datos. Se seleccionaron ensayos controlados aleatorizados (ECA) o estudios de cohorte que evaluaron la eficacia de programas de tratamiento para la ciberadicción en niños y adolescentes. El desenlace primario fue la disminución de las horas en uso del internet. Para el meta-análisis, se utilizó el modelo de efectos aleatorios con método de varianza inversa. Resultados: Se identificaron siete artículos que fueron incluidos en la revisión sistemática (3 Ensayos controlados aleatorizados y 4 cohortes retrospectivas), con un total de 2396 participantes. La edad media fue de 14 años (SD 1.96). La duración del tratamiento entre todos los estudios publicados varió entre 4 días hasta los 3 meses. Se encontró que los tratamientos para la ciberadicción reducen las horas de conexión a internet en 1.18 horas por semana, comparado con cualquier tratamiento de control (MD 1.18; 95%CI -2.1825 a -0.1754; p= 0.02). Conclusiones: Los tratamientos para la ciberadicción, independientemente del tipo de intervención reducen las horas de conexión a internet

Tuberculosis in pregnancy and adverse neonatal outcomes in two peruvian hospitals

Background: According to the World Health Organization, tuberculosis (TB) ranks among the top 10 causes of death worldwide. The significance of TB during pregnancy lies in its symptoms, which can be mistaken for physiological changes associated with pregnancy. This confusion can lead to maternal-perinatal complications. Objective: To evaluate the association between pulmonary TB in pregnancy and adverse neonatal outcomes in two Peruvian hospitals. Methods: This is a retrospective cohort study. The target population consisted of pregnant women with and without pulmonary TB whose deliveries were attended at two public hospitals, located in Lima, Peru. The adverse neonatal outcomes were prematurity, low birth weight (LBW), and being small for gestational age (SGA). Crude and adjusted relative risks (RRa) were calculated with their respective 95% confidence intervals (95%CI). Results: Information from 212 patients was analyzed; 48.1% had TB during pregnancy, and 23.1% had adverse neonatal outcomes (8%, 11.3%, and 12.3% for LBW, prematurity, and SGA, respectively). In the adjusted model, pregnant women with pulmonary TB had a 3.52 times higher risk of having a newborn with at least one of the adverse outcomes than those who were not exposed (aRR, 3.52; 95%CI: 1.93–6.68). Conclusion: Pulmonary TB in pregnancy was jointly and independently associated with adverse neonatal outcomes, including LBW, prematurity, and being SGA

Revisión sobre la actividad antibacteriana in vitro del Thymus vulgaris frente a cepas de Escherichia coli y Staphylococcus aureus

Introducción: El uso irracional de antibióticos es un problema de salud publica, teniendo en el Thymus vulgaris una alternativa potencial por su actividad antibacteriana. Objetivo: Revisar la bibliografía existente acerca de la actividad antibacteriana in vitro del Thymus vulgaris frente a cepas de Escherichia coli y Staphylococcus aureus . Método: Se realizó una revisión bibliográfica de estudios in vitro con preparados de aceite esencial del Thymus vulgaris que permitan responder la pregunta planteada, que se hayan publicado en los últimos 6 años. La búsqueda se hizo en el buscador PubMed y se extrajeron, de cada estudio, el valor del halo de inhibición (HI) y la concentración mínima inhibitoria (CMI). Resultados: Se identificaron un total de 105 estudios, de los cuales fueron seleccionados 8 para revisión final. De esos, cinco evaluaban la actividad sobre Staphylococcus aureus con HI de 8mm a 30mm y CMI de 2 a 160 ug/ml. Seis estudios evaluaban la actividad sobre Escherichia coli con HI de 19,66 a 37mm y CMI de 0,33 a 160 ug/ml. Conclusión:Existe evidencia de que el aceite esencial de Thymus vulgaris tiene actividad antibacteriana in vitro ante cepas de Escherichia coli y Staphylococcus aureu

Association between early sexual initiation and sexually transmitted infections among Peruvian reproductive-age women

BackgroundSexually transmitted infections (STIs) are a serious public health problem worldwide, especially among reproductive-age women. The early sexual onset of sexual intercourse (EOSI) has been suggested as a risk factor, although there is no data at the national level.ObjectiveTo evaluate the association between EOSI and STIs in Peruvian women of childbearing age.MethodsAnalytical cross-sectional study with secondary data analyzes of the Peruvian Demographic and Family Health Survey 2018. The outcome was the presence of STIs in the last 12 months and the exposure variable was EOSI (age < 15 years at the time of their first sexual experience). To evaluate the association of interest, crude and adjusted prevalence ratios (aPRs) were calculated using generalized linear models with Poisson family and logarithmic link function.ResultsWe analyzed data from 31,028 women of childbearing age. The 11.3% reported having STIs in the last 12 months and 20.2% of the participants had an EOSI. After adjusting for potential confounders, we found that EOSI was associated with STIs (aPR: 1.27; 95% CI: 1.08–1.50; p = 0.005). When conducting stratified analysis by area of residence and number of sexual partners, this association was maintained in women living in urban areas (aPR: 1.36; 95% CI: 1.11–1.66; p = 0.003) those who did not report having a history of multiple sexual partners (aPR: 1.27; 95% CI: 1.08–1.51; p = 0.005), and those in the middle (aPR: 1.42; 95% CI: 1.03–1.97; p = 0.034) and highest (aPR: 2.12; 95% CI: 1.33–3.39; p = 0.002) wealth quintiles.ConclusionAmong reproductive-age women from Peru, EOSI was associated with STIs, especially in women living in urban areas, with no history of multiple sexual partners, and belonging to the middle to higher wealth index. The implementation of measures to prevent EOSI and fostering appropriate sexual health counseling for women with EOSI is advised

Factors associated with post-traumatic stress disorder symptoms in the post-quarantine context of the COVID-19 pandemic in Peruvian medical students

Background: In March 2020, the Peruvian state introduced quarantine as a measure to control the spread of SARS-CoV-2. It has been suggested that being in quarantine is associated with the development of symptoms of Post-traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD). The present study aims to explore the factors associated with the development of PTSD in a post-quarantine context due to COVID-19 in medical students. Objectives: To evaluate the factors associated with the development of post-quarantine PTSD symptoms in medical students from a Peruvian university. Methods: Analytical cross-sectional study. The objective will be developed after the lifting of the quarantine in Peru. Medical students enrolled during the 2020-01 academic cycle of the Peruvian University of Applied Sciences will be included. To collect the outcome variable (PTSD), the Impact of Event Scale - Revised (IES-R) will be used. The associated factors will be collected through a form that will be validated by experts and piloted in the field. The crude and adjusted coefficients will be calculated, using bivariate and multivariate linear regression models, respectively. We will use the “manual forward selection” technique to obtain a final model with minimally sufficient fit. After each model comparison and decision, multicollinearity will be evaluated with the variance inflation factor and matrix of independent variables. Results: Not having health insurance, having relatives or close friends who contracted the disease and having a lower family income are factors associated with PTSD in the post-quarantine context of the COVID-19 pandemic in medical students at a Peruvian university. Conclusions: Clinical evaluation is important for medical students with a high probability of having PTSD symptoms. We recommend conducting a longitudinal study to identify causality and other unstudied factors related to PTSD.Revisión por pare

"Percentage of excess body mass index loss and cardiometabolic risk reduction in Peruvian adults undergoing sleeve gastrectomy"

"Objective: To assess the association between the percentage of excess body mass index loss (%EBMIL) and cardiometabolic risk reduction in Peruvian adults undergoing laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (LSG). Methods: Retrospective cohort study conducted with adult patients who underwent LSG in a bariatric clinic during 2016–2020. The outcome variable was cardiometabolic risk change (expressed in Δ) 1 year after LSG. To that effect, the variables total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, very LDL (VLDL) cholesterol, triglycerides, glucose, insulin, and HOMA-IR at baseline and after 12 months were considered. The exposure variable was %EBMIL. Crude and adjusted β coefficients were estimated with linear regression models. Results: Of the 110 patients analyzed, 68.2% were women, and the median patient age was 34.5 years. In the model adjusted for sex, age, and baseline BMI, we noted that each 25% increase in %EBMIL resulted in a decrease in the values for total cholesterol, LDL, triglycerides, and insulin by 10.36 mg/dL (p < 0.001), 7.98 mg/dL (p = 0.001), 13.35 mg/dL (p = 0.033), and 3.63 uU/mL (p = 0.040), respectively. Conclusion: %EBMIL was associated with a decrease in total cholesterol, LDL, triglycerides, and insulin levels, which could suggest a favorable cardiometabolic evolution during the first 12 months following LSG.

Desabastecimiento de antidiabéticos y antihipertensivos en el contexto de la etapa inicial de la pandemia por la COVID-19 en Perú

Background: An adequate supply of medicines in health establishments will increase the possibility of adequate control of hypertension and diabetes. Objective: To determine the shortage of antidiabetic and antihypertensive drugs at the national level in the context of the initial stage of the COVID-19 pandemic in Peru. Material y methods: Analysis of the "Sistema Integrado de Suministro de Medicamentos e Insumos Médicos Quirúrgicos" (SISMED) Database, between June 13th and July 15th, 2020, according to the "National list for medicines of essential medicines" (PNUME) of Ministry of health. Results: And between 4 and 96% of the departments have a total shortage of at least one antidiabetic, and 4% and 96% of at least one antihypertensive. The most depleted antidiabetic was Metformin 500 mg, and the most depleted antihypertensive drugs were Labetalol 5 mg / ml iny, Atenolol 50 mg tab and Carvedilol 6.25 mg tab. The percentage of distribution was higher in hospitals and specialized institutes in comparison with primary health facilities. Conclusions: There is a shortage of antihypertensive and antidiabetic drugs in health centers in Peru. © 2021 Medical Body of the Almanzor Aguinaga Asenjo National Hospital.Revisión por pare

Mean Platelet Volume in Neonatal Sepsis: Meta-Analysis of Observational Studies

"first_pagesettingsOrder Article Reprints Open AccessSystematic Review Mean Platelet Volume in Neonatal Sepsis: Meta-Analysis of Observational Studies by Carlos J. Toro-Huamanchumo 1ORCID,Cielo Cabanillas-Ramirez 2,3ORCID,Carlos Quispe-Vicuña 3,4ORCID,Jose A. Caballero-Alvarado 5ORCID,Darwin A. León-Figueroa 3,6ORCID,Nicolás Cruces-Tirado 7 andJoshuan J. Barboza 3,8,*ORCID 1 Escuela de Medicina, Universidad Cesar Vallejo, Trujillo 13007, Peru 2 Escuela de Medicina, Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas, Lima 15023, Peru 3 Unidad de Revisiones Sistemáticas y Meta-Análisis, Tau-Relaped Group, Trujillo 13007, Peru 4 Sociedad Científica San Fernando, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Lima 15081, Peru 5 Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Privada Antenor Orrego, Trujillo 13007, Peru 6 Facultad de Medicina Humana, Universidad de San Martín de Porres, Chiclayo 14000, Peru 7 Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Señor de Sipán, Chiclayo 14006, Peru 8 Vicerrectorado de Investigación, Universidad Norbert Wiener, Lima 15046, Peru * Author to whom correspondence should be addressed. Children 2022, 9(12), 1821; https://doi.org/10.3390/children9121821 Received: 5 October 2022 / Revised: 21 November 2022 / Accepted: 22 November 2022 / Published: 25 November 2022 (This article belongs to the Section Pediatric Infectious Diseases) Download Browse Figures Review Reports Versions Notes Abstract Introduction: Early onset neonatal sepsis (EONS), particularly in preterm sepsis, is a potentially fatal issue. Evaluation of mean platelet volume (MPV) as an EONS predictor was the goal. Methods: Four databases were used to conduct a systematic evaluation of cohort and case–control studies. Up till the end of October 2022, 137 articles were found utilizing the search method. Following the review, 12 studies were included. Leukocytes, MPV, platelets, gender, birth weight, gestational age, mortality, and C-reactive protein (CRP) were all taken into account while analyzing the prediction of EONS. Inverse-variance methodology and the random-effects model were used. Using GRADE, the evidence’s quality was evaluated. Results: Neonatal patients with sepsis had significantly higher MPV levels than do neonates without sepsis (MD 1.26; 95% CI 0.89–1.63; p < 0.001). An increased MPV during the first 24 h postpartum was associated with high CRP values and high risk of neonatal mortality. In the investigations, the MPV cutoff for sepsis patients was 9.95 (SD 0.843). Overall certainty of the evidence was very low. Conclusions: The increased MPV during the first 24 h postpartum may be predictive of EONS and mortality. Future studies are warranted.