Examining the Validation of the Shi’ite and Sunni Narrations on Identifying the Examples of (Q. 21:101)

Received: 2021/5/28  |   Accepted: 2021/10/7 It is of specific importance to study the validity of the religious narrations that may sometimes be accompanied by some changes or even distortions, which at the same time are about to express and identify the examples of Qur’anic verses. As a case study, the present article addresses the narrations that have been quoted in both Shi’ite and Sunni sources to identify the examples of (Q. 21:101). The mentioned narrations speak of those who have been promised good tidings of being kept away from the fire of Hell. Sunni sources have conveyed a single narration that ʿAlī b. Abī-Ṭālib (PBUH) has mentioned the third Caliph, Uthmān b. ʿAffān, or even other people, whose number in some sources reaches ten; a case that usually associates with ʿashara mubashshara (the ten promised ones). Nevertheless, Shi’ite sources have quoted Hadiths from the Holy Prophet (PBUH), according to which he has introduced ʿAlī (PBUH) and his true followers as the original examples of the verse in question. Sice in such conflicts, isnāds of the different narrations should be examined and evaluated, it seems that same way should be proceeded here. In the present case, Sunni narrations have weak isnāds, and from the textual point of view, they are in conflict with authentic narrations, as well as definite historical reports. However, the isnāds of Shi’ite narrations seem valid, and its content is confirmed by the authentic reports of the sources of both Sunni and Shi’ite schools. The present study has been carried out with the aim of helping to correctly identify the examples of the verse in question, after surveying the above-mentioned narrations from their original sources and with the necessary critical instruments. Kohan-Torabi, M. (2022) Examining the Validation of the Shi’ite and Sunni Narrations on Identifying the Examples of (Q. 21:101). Biannual Journal of Comparative Exegetical Researches, 7 (14) 241-269. Doi: 10.22091/PTT.2021.5824.1808

Graphics Processing Unit–Accelerated Nonrigid Registration of MR Images to CT Images During CT-Guided Percutaneous Liver Tumor Ablations

Rationale and Objectives: Accuracy and speed are essential for the intraprocedural nonrigid MR-to-CT image registration in the assessment of tumor margins during CT-guided liver tumor ablations. While both accuracy and speed can be improved by limiting the registration to a region of interest (ROI), manual contouring of the ROI prolongs the registration process substantially. To achieve accurate and fast registration without the use of an ROI, we combined a nonrigid registration technique based on volume subdivision with hardware acceleration using a graphical processing unit (GPU). We compared the registration accuracy and processing time of GPU-accelerated volume subdivision-based nonrigid registration technique to the conventional nonrigid B-spline registration technique. Materials and Methods: Fourteen image data sets of preprocedural MR and intraprocedural CT images for percutaneous CT-guided liver tumor ablations were obtained. Each set of images was registered using the GPU-accelerated volume subdivision technique and the B-spline technique. Manual contouring of ROI was used only for the B-spline technique. Registration accuracies (Dice Similarity Coefficient (DSC) and 95% Hausdorff Distance (HD)), and total processing time including contouring of ROIs and computation were compared using a paired Student’s t-test. Results: Accuracy of the GPU-accelerated registrations and B-spline registrations, respectively were 88.3 ± 3.7% vs 89.3 ± 4.9% (p = 0.41) for DSC and 13.1 ± 5.2 mm vs 11.4 ± 6.3 mm (p = 0.15) for HD. Total processing time of the GPU-accelerated registration and B-spline registration techniques was 88 ± 14 s vs 557 ± 116 s (p < 0.000000002), respectively; there was no significant difference in computation time despite the difference in the complexity of the algorithms (p = 0.71). Conclusion: The GPU-accelerated volume subdivision technique was as accurate as the B-spline technique and required significantly less processing time. The GPU-accelerated volume subdivision technique may enable the implementation of nonrigid registration into routine clinical practice

Graphics Processing Unit–Accelerated Nonrigid Registration of MR Images to CT Images During CT-Guided Percutaneous Liver Tumor Ablations

Rationale and Objectives: Accuracy and speed are essential for the intraprocedural nonrigid MR-to-CT image registration in the assessment of tumor margins during CT-guided liver tumor ablations. While both accuracy and speed can be improved by limiting the registration to a region of interest (ROI), manual contouring of the ROI prolongs the registration process substantially. To achieve accurate and fast registration without the use of an ROI, we combined a nonrigid registration technique based on volume subdivision with hardware acceleration using a graphical processing unit (GPU). We compared the registration accuracy and processing time of GPU-accelerated volume subdivision-based nonrigid registration technique to the conventional nonrigid B-spline registration technique. Materials and Methods: Fourteen image data sets of preprocedural MR and intraprocedural CT images for percutaneous CT-guided liver tumor ablations were obtained. Each set of images was registered using the GPU-accelerated volume subdivision technique and the B-spline technique. Manual contouring of ROI was used only for the B-spline technique. Registration accuracies (Dice Similarity Coefficient (DSC) and 95% Hausdorff Distance (HD)), and total processing time including contouring of ROIs and computation were compared using a paired Student’s t-test. Results: Accuracy of the GPU-accelerated registrations and B-spline registrations, respectively were 88.3 ± 3.7% vs 89.3 ± 4.9% (p = 0.41) for DSC and 13.1 ± 5.2 mm vs 11.4 ± 6.3 mm (p = 0.15) for HD. Total processing time of the GPU-accelerated registration and B-spline registration techniques was 88 ± 14 s vs 557 ± 116 s (p < 0.000000002), respectively; there was no significant difference in computation time despite the difference in the complexity of the algorithms (p = 0.71). Conclusion: The GPU-accelerated volume subdivision technique was as accurate as the B-spline technique and required significantly less processing time. The GPU-accelerated volume subdivision technique may enable the implementation of nonrigid registration into routine clinical practice

Etiology and diagnosis of xerostomia

Xerostomia or –“dry mouth syndrome”- is a subjective perception of dryness of the mouth with various etiological factors. It’s found as a consequent of systemic or local factors rather than being separated clinical entity. It is a common condition with high prevalence in women and geriatric patients. Pathologically it is divided into ‘true xerostomia (xerostomia vera, primaria)’ and ‘symptomatic xerostomia (xerostomia spura, symptomatica)’.BSc/BAfogorvosangolg

A mathematical model of routing problem for hazardous biomedical waste: A multi-objective particle swarm optimization solution approach

Purpose: This model aims at solving a Green Heterogeneous and Stochastic Capacitated Vehicle Routing Problem that takes into account the risks and environmental hazards. Research Methodology: Regarding an NP-hard and complex problem, and after confirming the accuracy of the problem-solving in smaller dimensions by GAMS software, the problem is solved by the metaheuristic algorithm of multi-objective particle swarm optimization (MOPSO) and its coding in MATLAB software. Results: The results urge that using random sampling and probability distribution, non-deterministic parameters turned into deterministic ones, and high-quality solutions were obtained. Limitation: The proposed method is a routing problem and has been applied for the Green Heterogeneous and Stochastic Capacitated Vehicle Routing Problem. Future researchers may work on real data sets and hazardous biomedical waste data. Contribution: Based on the results presented, the model derived in this paper can support decisions such as routing, prioritization, time to reach each node, etc. so that the costs of routing, system reliability, environmental issues, and penalties for violation of the priority and maximum time elapsed for vehicles are taken into account

Construction of a new 2D coral-like covalent organic framework as CuI nanoparticles carrier for the preparation of diverse triazoles

In this work, a novel two-dimensional coral-like covalent organic framework (COF) with hydrazone linkages containing pyridine dicarbohydrazide moieties namely PDC-COF was designed and developed through a condensation reaction between the tri(4-formyl phenoxy) cyanurate (TFPC) and 2,6-dimethylpyridine-3,5-dicarbohydrazide (DMPDC) without applying inert atmosphere and using of any acidic catalyst. PDC-COF applied as carrier for CuI nanoparticles for construction of a robust heterogeneous catalyst (PDC-COF/CuI). This catalyst shows high thermal stability (up to 500 °C), good porosity (≃50 m2 g−1), acceptable crystalline structure with coral-like morphology. Accordingly, the obtained data revealed that the synthesized PDC-COF/CuI is highly active heterogeneous catalyst for the preparation of diverse triazoles by using different starting materials under green and mild reaction conditions. In addition, in comparison with the reported data in the literature, all of the prepared compounds have good yields (71–93%) and relatively short reaction times (45 min–15 h). Moreover, PDC-COF/CuI shows excellent stability and reusability (up to 6 times) without any significant decreases in its catalytic performance

Synthesis of new hybrid pyridines catalyzed by Fe3O4@SiO2@urea-riched ligand/Ch-Cl

Abstract Herein, a new heterogeneous catalytic system through modification of urea functionalized magnetic nanoparticles with choline chloride [Fe3O4@SiO2@urea-riched ligand/Ch-Cl] was designed and synthesized. Then, the synthesized Fe3O4@SiO2@urea-riched ligand/Ch-Cl was characterized by using FT-IR spectroscopy, FESEM, TEM, EDS-Mapping, TGA/DTG and VSM techniques. After that, the catalytic usage of Fe3O4@SiO2@urea-riched ligand/Ch-Cl was investigated for the synthesis of hybrid pyridines with sulfonate and/or indole moieties. Delightfully, the outcome was satisfactory and the applied strategy represents several advantages such as short reaction times, convenience of operation and relatively good yields of obtained products. Moreover, the catalytic behavior of several formal homogeneous DESs was investigated for the synthesis of target product. In addition, a cooperative vinylogous anomeric-based oxidation pathway was suggested as rational mechanism for the synthesis of new hybrid pyridines

Guiding Medical Needles Using Single-Point Tissue Manipulation

Abstract — This paper addresses the use of robotic tissue manipulation in medical needle insertion procedures to improve targeting accuracy and to help avoid damaging sensitive tissues. To control these multiple, potentially competing objectives, we present a phased controller that operates one manipulator at a time using closed-loop imaging feedback. We present an automated procedure planning technique that uses tissue geometry to select the needle insertion location, manipulation locations, and controller parameters. The planner uses a stochastic optimization of a cost function that includes tissue stress and robustness to disturbances. We demonstrate the system on 2D tissues simulated with a mass-spring model, including a simulation of a prostate brachytherapy procedure. It can reduce targeting errors from more than 2cm to less than 1mm, and can also shift obstacles by over 1cm to clear them away from the needle path. I